CREATIVITY

COURSE INSTRUCTOR:

PROF. DR. SHAHAB KHUSHNOOD

LECTUTRE # 03

CHAPTER - 04

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY TAXILA

COURSE- ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT

Creativity is the result of intense attention and determination of innovators and researchers which were over looked by ordinary minds.

Creativity

Ability to come up with innovative results from

nature.

Group Brainstorming Technique By Alex Osborn

Group Brainstorming is a technique in which groups of individuals can use to generate novel ideas and enhance their collective creativity.

Examination of Selective Factors in Creativity

1.Education

2.Gender

3.Age

Following factors effecting the differentiation between the creativity technique of different people.

Creative Problem Solving Steps

There are basically six steps associated with the creative problem-solving process.

1)Problem Definition

2)Preparation

3)Idea Production

4)Idea Development

5)Evaluation

6)Adoption

Ways to Develop Creativity

1. Reading

2. Experience

3. Games

4. Writing

5. Fine Arts and Hobbies

6. Finding Solutions to Create Exercises

Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers

Characteristics of Highly Creative Engineers:

1- Observation Power

2- Concentration Power

3- Belongs to either upper or lower decile of engineering classes in the universities and other institutions.

4- Faces ambiguous situations more easily.

5- Question problems and new ideas.

6- Has fewer close friends.

Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers (cont…)

Characteristics of Highly Creative Engineers:

7- Displays more self-confidence

8- Independence in thoughts.

9- High desire for freedom

10- less anxious

11- independent in action.

12- thinks in more abstract and theoretical terms.

13- More stable.

Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers (cont…)Characteristics of Creative Managers:

1- Persistent

2- Creative Memory

3- Self Motivation

4- Analysis and Synthesis Ability

5- Tolerance of Ambiguity

6- Concentration power

7- Ability to toy with ideas

8- Displays originality

9- Self Confidence

10- Sensitive to problems

Characteristics of Creative Engineers and Managers (cont…)Characteristics of Creative Managers:11- Activity Curious

12- Fearless of Failure

13- Basically Optimistic

14- Openness to Feelings

15- Self Competitive

16- Free of Jealousy

17- Fearless of Authority

18- No resentment toward Authority

19- Respects others Rights

20- Open and Direct when dealing with Others

Climate For CreativityFollowing steps presents the ideal environment for creativity.

ЖGive necessary freedom and opportunity to deserving engineers.

ЖProvide necessary facilities to highly creative engineers.

ЖAvoid resisting new ideas.

ЖConduct informal seminars.

ЖAssign to individuals engineers those problems which best suit his or her field of interest.

ЖRecognize that the highly creative engineers have to be financially rewarded.

ЖReward highly creative engineers with status.

ЖRecognize differences in personality.

Attributes Of A Manger Of Creative People

A manager of a group of creative people has to have certain attributes. Some of them are as follows

Possesses knowledge of the creative process Gives credit to others when it is necessary Gives recognition whenever it is deserved Possesses self-confidence Provides inspiration at the movement of need Leads by suggestion Is able to take calculated risks whenever it is necessary Possesses ability to identify the problem Able to handle people with differing personalities Ability to communicate effectively with others Receptive to all ideas Pushes for flexible organization

Barriers To Creative ThinkingFor practical Purposes there are basically for types of such barriers.

Type 1:Enviromental Barriers:

These barriers are associated with an individual’s development.

Examples are Student-teacher, boss-subordinate, etc.

Type 2:cultural Barriers:

These are due to the society in which he or she functions. Therefore the cultural barriers include all those blocks which are imposed on an individual by the society.

Type 3:Perceptual Barriers:

These are due to mind’s tendency to short circuit.

Example: when a person becomes very much acquainted with some item, then he tends to overlook background details of such an item.

Type 4: Emotional Barriers:

These are the most serious of all the blocks so far discussed.

Examples are fear, hate, desire for security, self-satisfaction.

Barriers To Creative Thinking

Generation, Presentation and evaluation of new ideas1.Generation of new ideas:

The methods of ideas generation

is shown in figure:

Generation, Presentation and evaluation of new ideas (Cont.….)2.Presentation Of New Ideas:In the actual presentation of new ideas most of the factors one should take into consideration are as follows

Show muted enthusiasm

Be prepared for objections

Do not follow the argumentative procedure

Stay in good control and calm

Try to be as natural as possible

Add a light touch of showmanship

Avoid claims which are unsubstantiated

Outline the immediate steps appropriate for the new idea implementation

Try to arrange for a break after the presentation

Generation, Presentation and evaluation of new ideas (Cont.….)3.Evaluation of new ideas:

Each new idea has to go through an evaluation before its implementation.

Each new idea can be classified into one of the following three Categories.

Difficult ideas:

These are those ideas which can be accomplished only in twelve months or more time and require a great deal of other efforts.

Moderate ideas:

These ideas can probably be completed in six months with a reasonable sum of investment.

Simple ideas:

These ideas do not require an extensive effort or expense and can be accomplished immediately.

Ways To Kill IdeasSome of the negative ways a manager may act towards his subordinate who comes up with a new idea:

It will be difficult to sell

It is a ridiculous idea

It will be very costly

The top management will reject it

Idea is too radical

It is outside our responsibility

It is too theoretical

We are going quite well without it

We do not have time for such ideas

Nobody else has tried it before

Creativity TechniquesTechnique 1:

This technique is known as Gordon method.

This approach has two characteristics

The term explores the underling concept of the problem.

The term attacks the underlying concepts at length.

The advantages of the this approach are as follows

The radical applications of existing methods are encouraged

The early closure on the problem is prevented

Creativity Techniques (Cont..)Technique 2: This technique is composed of the following steps

Distribute to each member of the team a notebook containing a problem of major scope

Allow each member of the team to record his thoughts on how to solve the problem for a month

Each team member submits his or her notebook to the coordinator at the specified time

The coordinator studies all the notebook and prepares a detailed summary

After the summarization, any member of the team can see all the notebooks

Whenever it is necessary ,a final meeting is held in which all team members participate

Creativity Techniques (Cont..) Technique 3:

This is known as “attribute –listing approach”.

In this approach a person is required to list attributes of an idea or an item

Then the person concentrates on one attribute at a time

Technique 4:

This is known as the “forced relationships” method.

The main objective of this approach is to generate new ideas by creating a forced relationship between two or more usually unrelated ideas or items

That is how the idea-generation process starts

Creativity Techniques (Cont..)Technique 5: This is known as the brainstorming method

However the meanings of the modern term “brainstorming” is using the brain to storm a problem

Following guidelines are to be observed when conducting a brainstorming session

Welcome free-wheeling

Aim for quality

Eliminate idea criticism during the session

Combine and improve ideas

Record ideas

Keep the ranks of participants fairly equal

Choose the time of the session carefully

Creativity Techniques (Cont..)

Technique 6:

This is another brainstorming method and is known as the tear-down approach

The technique can be used by two persons

After picking the subject for brainstorming, person A takes the attitude that the existing way is incorrect

The second person, person B, is not allowed to agree with the idea of person A

Person B has to suggest another way

The cycle continues until a useful idea clicks

Creativity Techniques (Cont..)

Technique 7: This is another brainstorming technique and is known as the and also method

This approach can be used by two persons

The approach is same as Technique 6,but with one exception: that both persons must agree with each other and then make an addition to the other’s idea

Technique 8: This technique can be used by a single person

In this approach the problem is written and distributed to various participants before the meeting

Each participant has to have a certain number of solution ideas

Thus a sound solution to the problem may be found

THANKS