Creative Commons & Cultural Heritage
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Transcript of Creative Commons & Cultural Heritage
& Cultural Heritage
A simple, standardized,
legally robust way to grant
© permissions to cultural
works and data
Enable © holders to grant copy and
reuse permissions to the public
6 licenses:
Some grant commercial uses
Some grant derivative uses
All require attribution
CC Licenses
Attribution
ShareAlike
NonCommercial
NoDerivatives
4 Elements
Public Domain Dedication
Licenses
CC Zero =
I want to waive all of
MY rights to a work.
(legally operable)
PD Mark =
For works already in the public
domain.
(legally operable)
Lawyer
Readable
Legal Code
Human
Readable
Deed
Machine
Readable
Metadata
+ Museums
Digital collections
100k+ online image collection
CC BY for images and text owned by
museum; PD for PD works
Most restrictive most open
2004: CC BY-NC-ND
2010: CC BY-NC
Today: CC BY & PD statement
Brooklyn Museum
150,000 images of its public domain
collection released via CC0
Initial hesitation, but marketing dept
argued that “the digital reproduction of
an item would pique public interest in
it, leading them to buy tickets to the
museum to see the real deal”
Rijksmuseum
Move to open aligned w/greater sales
2010: No images available
2011: First set available via CC BY
2012: CC0; launched Rijksstudio
2013: Released all resolutions under
CC0
Rijksmuseum
by Joris Pekel
Promoted museum beyond staff
capabilities
Curried goodwill w/public, creative
industries, funders
Would they do it again? “Yes, but a lot
faster.” – Museum staff
Rijksmuseum
The Concert podcasts and music
library are shared via CC BY-NC-ND
CC as promotional tool; 40k
downloads from 83 countries in first 6
weeks
CC “key” to success; reached
hundreds of thousands more people
Isabella Stewart Gardner
“…making these high-quality
recordings free and shareable is a
major part of why The Concert has
been so successful. In thinking about
the podcast, it was important to us to
really embrace the way people are
listening to music today.”
Isabella Stewart Gardner
100 educational videos via CC BY
160 high res images via CC0
Like BM, moved to more open:
Originally considered CC BY-NC-
ND, but chose CC BY in 2009
Today: CC0
Enabled exposure on Wikipedia
Statens Museum for Kunst
“Use = Value”
“[Our public domain collections] don’t
belong to us; they belong to the public.
Free access ensures that our
collections continue to be relevant to
users now and in the future.”
Statens Museum for Kunst
20,000+ images
CC BY-SA CC0 for all images of PD
works
Uploaded to Wikimedia Commons;
used in 4,000+ pages; 8.4 million
views in June 2015
Walters Art Museum
20,000 cartographic works released as
high resolution downloads via CC0
CC0 for digital reproductions b/c maps
are in the public domain
“We believe our collections inspire all
kinds of creativity, innovation and
discovery."
New York Public Library
Select digital publications, eg. Ancient
Terracottas, Mellini (CC BY)
Teaching & learning resources (CC BY-
NC-SA and CC BY-NC-ND)
Collection guides, inventories, finding
aids (CC0)
The Getty Iris (blog) (CC BY)
The Getty
CC license policy for photos taken of
exhibits since 2011 (CC BY-NC-ND)
Launched with Ai Weiwei exhibit
Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo
followed suit
Mori Art Museum (Japan)
0
3,750
7,500
11,250
15,000
History in the Making Anette Messager Chalo! India Kaleidoscopic Eye Ai Weiwei Medicine and Art Roppongi Crossing 2010
Blog: Doubled since Ai Weiwei
Photography Allowed
Photography NOT Allowed
1.15 million records; 150k+ images
CC0 for metadata records
CC BY for curatorial texts
100k+ images are CC-licensed or
marked public domain
Museum Victoria (AU)
Virtual Collection of
Asian Masterpieces Digital archive of Asian art by Asia-
Europe Museum Network
CC BY-NC-SA for all text and images
on site
130 museums from 35 countries have
contributed masterpieces
Collection Records
MoMA – 125k works
Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt – 75% of
its collection
Tate Gallery – 70k artworks
NYPL – 1 million records
Europeana – 30 million records
DPLA– 8 million records
CC0 Metadata Records
All works accessioned into MoMA’s
collection and catalogued in database
Title, artist, date, medium, dimensions
Cultural shift: incomplete & imperfect
records ok
Live performance: “A Sort of Joy
(Thousands of Exhausted Things”
MoMA
“[MoMA’s] data can be and should be
terrain for exploration, forum for
interrogation, and substrate for
creation. There is prose and poetry
and performance to be made from
these rows and columns.”
MoMA
70k artworks, 3.5k artists
Resulted in Tate data usage “in the
wild,” eg. visualizations, artist rooms,
Tate Explorer
Blog series Archives & Access: “Open
data brings beauty and insight”
Tate Gallery
75% of documented collection data
available for download via CC0
Collection data is “the raw material on
which interpretations through
exhibitions, public programs, and
experiences are built.”
Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt
Museum
“The release of such data into the
public domain brings closer a future in
which cross-institutional discovery is
the norm.”
Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt
Museum
Digital library for all of Europe
16.5+ million objects in public domain,
CC0, or under various CC licenses
30 million records released via CC0
Users can search & browse by reuse
rights
Europeana
58
8 million records from U.S. libraries,
archives, museums under CC0
One portal to search & browse through
distributed resources
App Library – developers building apps
using open data
Digital Public Library of
America
Engaging Users
& Artists
Invites users to tag collection with their
photos from Flickr, Instagram
Users can help identify errors and
submit corrections to collection data
Encourages users to cite objects in
Wikipedia
Smithsonian Cooper-Hewitt
Museum
Result: Wikipedia is largest
source of traffic from other
websites – more than FB,
Twitter, Tumblr, etc.
API + Rijksstudio – 177k user
contributions
“Open Cultuur Data” competition
2,000+ images feat. In Wikipedia
articles – 10 mil+ views
First results in Google Image Search
Rijksmuseum
by Frida Gregersen
Bring our collections to the public
Collaborate w/communities of users
Provide framework + resources, then
step back and see what people do
Let go of control over how our
collections are perceived, used, &
create meaning and value to people
Statens Museum for Kunst
Artists Registry for sharing artworks in
response to 9/11
Artists choose how they want to share
their art under CC
Artworks have been used in news
stories and multimedia timelines of
9/11
9/11 Memorial Museum
Sharing
Digital
Collections
Sharing
Collection
Records
Engaging
Users +
Community
CC licenses are robust, built on © law
Clarity and specificity regarding use
Data embedded w/assets; enables
browse/search filters
Minimizes overhead for individual
transactions
Clear way to share PD collections
Promotional & educational tool
Increases reach + impact of museum
Good will w/public, creative industries
Enable unexpected, creative &
delightful results
Lead to refocusing of resources, new
funding + revenue models
Except where otherwise noted: CC BY
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Creative Commons and the double C in a circle are registered trademarks of
Creative Commons in the United States and other countries. Third party marks and
brands are the property of their respective holders.