Creating new ICT networks on service

Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as as the backbone of Smart Distributionthe backbone of Smart Distribution

Darmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12‐‐14 April 201114 April 2011

Guillermo RaveraGuillermo Ravera(La Salle(La Salle‐‐Universitat Ramon Llull)Universitat Ramon Llull)

Laura CorbeiraLaura Corbeira(Endesa Servicios)(Endesa Servicios)

Creating new ICT networks on Smart Grids service

(http://www.fp7integris.eu)

Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 2

Outline

The INTEGRIS ProjectProject objectivesRequirementsExamples of Smart Grid Use CasesICT ChallengesIdeas/hints for possible solutions

2


Project full title: INTelligent Electrical Grid Sensor communicationsGrant agreement no.: 247938Date of initiation: 1st February, 2010Duration: 30 months

[email protected]

The INTEGRIS project

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union European Atomic Energy Community 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013 FP7/2007‐2011) under grant agreement n° 247938


SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES :• Research on the efficient integration and interoperability of PLC and wireless technologies (WSN, IEEE802.11n, RFID)

• Research and development of an autonomous self‐healing ICT system with QoS guarantees for Smart Grids.

• To contribute to the development of IEC 61850 technology within the electrical distribution network

INTEGRIS ObjectivesINTEGRIS is a novel and flexible ICT system, based on the integration of PLC and WSN technologies, able to completely and efficiently fulfill communication requirements for future Smart Grids.

OTHER RESEARCH LINES: • Multilevel security framework• Application of Distributed Systems techniques to Smart Grids• Application of Cognitive techniques to Smart Grids

BASIC OBJECTIVE :• To define and develop an integrated ICT environment able to efficiently encompass the communications requirements that can be foreseen for Smart Grids.


RequirementsA Smart Grid needs a wide communications network, robust and flexible. The requirements of the communications network depend on the applications.

FUNCTION TYPE FUNCTION CLASSCLASS MODE

Value/signalTransfer time (*)

Availability in Grid State

Reliability level

Active Protection Functions (@ HV/MV‐MV/LV level)

APFBlock & trip Signal

<=20msNormal Perturbed Crisis

Very High

Command Control & Regulation CMDO/C commandLoad sheddingPeak shaving

<=2sNormal Perturbed Crisis

High

Monitoring & Analysis MONAnalogical & Digital TVPP

>=2sNormal Perturbed Crisis

High

Advanced meter function

Advanced Meter & Supply Management function (Commercial functionalities

AMS

Energy meas.,Supply mngt. Command,Alarm signals

<=5m‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐<=10s

Normal Low

Active Demand ‐DR functions

End to End Information Exchange and Management

IEMEnergy meas.,CVPP/LoadOther signals

<=5m<=5s

NormalPerturbed

Medium

SEN mangement function


INTEGRIS project will design Smart Grid applications for the power distribution network, and will implement some of them in field trials, in order to proof the validity of the developed ICT infrastructure.

Smart Grid Use Cases 1/2


Smart Grid Use Cases 2/2INTEGRIS project will design Smart Grid applications for the power distribution network, and will implement some of them in field trials, in order to proof the validity of the developed ICT infrastructure.


ICT challenges in Smart Grids 1/2The future of Electric System comes from the construction of an adaptive, optimized, integrated and distributed Intelligent Distribution Network, interactive with consumers and markets

New kind of services:• Services with very low delay and very high availability at the same time• Services difficult to be amenable to flows• Services with no connection establishment (Always connected)• Wide array of requirements• Services over L2 (Goose messages)

Extending the concept of Smart Grids to distribution networks:• Distribution networks are complex, spread over the territory and, in great part, buried or underground.

• The topology of the power network is different in each country.• Difficulty of designing an ICT infrastructure spreading all over the Power distribution network having the required high availability and low delay.


ICT challenges in Smart Grids 2/2

Networking challenges:• Self healing, • QoS for Smart Grids, • long life‐time of electrical infrastructures, • Heterogeneous communications network with several technologies• Great number of legacy protocol already deployed and that have to be maintained

Security challenges:• Secure communications• Backwards compatible with devices without any provisions for security

The future of Electric System comes from the construction of an adaptive, optimized, integrated and distributed Intelligent Distribution Network, interactive with consumers and markets


Some answers to the challenges 1/2Smart Grids need a spread communications network, with a low cost of deployment, and a distributed ICT system, capable of dynamically adapting to the medium

High availability:• Meshing the communications system• Dual homing• Locate storage and computing platforms on the distribution network

• Replicating data in different platforms • Distributing applications

Low delay:• Networking at MAC layer• Spreading the MAC layer all over the distribution segment (MV+LV)• Fast recovery/self healing


Some answers to the challenges 2/2Smart Grids need a spread communications network, with a low cost of deployment, and a distributed ICT system, capable of dynamically adapting to the medium

Buried or underground infrastructure: PLC/BPL necessaryServices difficult to be amenable to flows: New concepts to control QoSAlways connected services: Need to share the resources fairlyNo connections: Planning/dimensioning for some services plus prioritization or class based service for the rest

Goose messages: Provide a way to create a L2 network over the distribution segments. Interconnecting different L2 technologies to provide a L2 network capable of spanning the distribution segment under consideration.

Complex networks: • PLC/BPL ( follow closely the electrical infrastructure)• Different communication technologies (PLC, Wireless, Fiber Optics,..)• An ICT system covering a distribution segment can be considered a new kind of ITU T NGAN


INTEGRIS Device

BPL network

Wireless network

BPL network

I-Dev

I-Dev

NBPLC

RFID

LRWSN

LRWSN

I-Dev

I-Dev

Internet

I-Dev

I-NMS

TCP/IP

DMS

I-Dev

I-Dev I-Dev

I-DevI-Dev

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

TCP/IP

Networking and QoSLines being explored: Forming a super L2 heterogeneous network BPL+Wireless


I‐Dev

PLC‐R

PLC HE PLC‐HE

I‐Dev

PLC‐R

STA

I‐Dev

PLC‐CPE

PLC‐R

MV MV/LV

LV

PLC‐R

PLC HE

PLC‐CPE

MV/LV

I‐Dev

PLC‐R

STA

PLC‐R

LV

PLC‐R

MV MV MV I‐Dev

Wireless

LV LV

MV MV

AP Possibility

It can be a mesh or direct link

STA

Wireless

STA

Example of a network


Security 1/3

IEC 62351 mandates the use of TLS to assure end‐to‐end security Challenge 1:

• The Smart Grid needs intermediate storage and computing platforms.• IEC 62351 currently does not offer application layer end‐to‐end security if multiple transport layer connections are used. Trusted TLS proxies may be a solution for the time‐being but not “the solution”. This way may be a weakness.

For some Other challenges in Smart Grid security are:• NISTIR 7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security (three Volumes)

Finally, it is interesting to realize that currently most electrical devices do not handle any level of security.

Security for standard IEC 61850 is addressed by standard IEC 62351


Source: Steffen Fries*, Hans Joachim Hof*, Maik Seewald; „Enhancing IEC 62351 to Improve Security for Energy Automation in Smart Grid Environments”, 2010 Fifth International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, Barcelona, Spain

Just a reflection:

Security in the Smart Grid is quite different from Office cases

Security 2/3


Security 3/3


Lines being explored:

•Data replication in different platforms to improve data reliability and fault tolerance.

•Replication in circles around the primary repository with decreasing consistency.

•However, replication increases the number of messages transmitted and could reduce the system throughput if not properly engineered.

Distributed System Techniques

MV cubicle 61850

INTEGRIS LV SYSTEM

INTEGRIS MV SYSTEM

MV-IDev

MV_01.aTopologyChanges

Propagation

<<artifact>>

PLC

LR WSN

MV_01.bAutomaticSelectivity

Reconfiguration

<<artifact>>

MV_02 Faullocation,

isolation andrestoration

<<artifact>>MV_03 Early

abnormalconditionsdetector

<<artifact>>

MV_04 Voltageregulator

<<artifact>>

RFID

HR Wireless

Ethernet

DB manager<<artifact>>

configuration (mesh + QoS)<<artifact>>

cognitive agent<<artifact>>

security agent<<artifact>>

middleware<<artifact>>

DB

Control System (MV view)

console

DMS<<artifact>>

EMS<<artifact>>

OMS<<artifact>>

AMI<<artifact>>

Others<<artifact>>

TCP/IP

MV App<<artifact>>

NMS<<artifact>>

LV App<<artifact>>

MV cubicle controllerserial

wiredwired

OvercurrentProtection

<<artifact>>Fault Location<<artifact>> Position

andAlarm

sensors

Measures

MV PQ monitor

LR WSN

wired

STATCOM Controller

Ethernet

can bus

Operatoreyes & hands

Breaker

wired

Switch

wired

VT

wired

CT

wiredSTATCOM

can bus

IEC 61850FTP

MODBUS

CAN Open

IEC 60870-5-104

HMI

Digital Input/Output

Analog Input

WSN

INTEGRIS NMS

Ethernet

TCP/IP

ICT app 1<<artifact>>


ICT app n<<artifact>>





DB router (off-the-shelf)Ethernet

Ethernet

TCP/IP

PLC (modem)

Ethernet

HE

The PLC connection can be also wirelss because both support ethernet as Layer 2

MV-IDev

MV_01.aTopologyChanges

Propagation

<<artifact>>

PLC

LR WSN

MV_01.bAutomaticSelectivity

Reconfiguration

<<artifact>>

MV_02 Faullocation, isolationand restoration

<<artifact>>MV_03 Early

abnormalconditionsdetector

<<artifact>>

MV_04 Voltageregulator

<<artifact>>

RFID Ethernet

LV App






HR Wireless

DB

The different IDEV can make a mesh using PLC or Wireless. The PLC network will be formed by CPE, HE and Repeaters andthe Wifi network will be formed by AP and so on.Nevertheless, in the diafram is only represented one element of the PLC networks.

The MV cubicle is considered an unique deviceThis device is fromed by the gateway and the MV cubicle controller wich is formed by the Protection devices and the Fault locator

This port has to understand all these protocols?, make a translator is not an objective.Is there in the market some translator that can suite, for example, DLMS to 61850?

MV Smartmeter

LR WSN

LV IDev

LV_01 LVPQVI

Monitoring

<<artifact>>

LV_02 LV PQMonitoring

<<artifact>> LV_04 LVVoltage

regulator

<<artifact>>LV_05

CustomerIsolation

<<artifact>>

LR/HR PLC

PLC

DBDB manager

<<artifact>>configuration(mesh + QoS)

<<artifact>>cognitive agent<<artifact>>



LV Customer gateway

LR/HR PLC

Ethernet

Reading agent Writing agent

IEC 61850

IEC 61850 data model based XML

PLC (modem) EthernetHE

Schneider modbus ->61850 gateway (G3200)

serial

Ethernet

As it is defined now, it seems unovidable that each Use Case message has to be translated between pairs of protocols ateach integris device (DLMS; 61850,104, modbus and so on). These add complexity and delay to INTEGRIS, affecting the performance of applications. To mitigate the problem, the integris device will have to be defined in a 61850 centric way. This means that the rest of protocols will suffer translation delays but the native 61850 equipment will suffer less delay because they don't require the translation.

Leyend

HE: Head EndHR Wireless: High Rate WirelessLR WSN: Low Rate Wireless Sensor NetworkRFID: Radio Frequency IDentifierPLC: Power Line Communications

DLMS

<<includes>>

Includes All MV UseCases Includes All LV UseCases

<<includes>>

WAN

HTTP

DLMS/COSEM

<<use>><<send>>

LV Smart meter

wired

LR PLC

LV App5LV App1

VT

wired

CT

wired

Breaker

wired

<<use>>

HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CT

wired

Breaker

wired

VT

wired

LV Smart meter

wired

LR PLC

LV App5LV App1

LV PQ monitor

wired

LR WSN

LV App2

Load control switch

LR WSN

PV LV DER

PV Inverter(power

electronics)

Modbus

PV InverterControllerModbus

LV Modbus to IEC 61850 gateway (G3200)

ModbusEthernet

LV Home automation

LR WSN

Ethernet

EthernetLV App1

LV App4

<<includes>><<use>>

<<use>>

<<includes>>

<<send>>

<<send>>

z-wave

<<use>>

<<trace>>

LV Customer gateway may be a smart meter (i.e. same device as LV Smart Meter) or other type of gateway device like Endesa's Proxima.

Home energy management system is an independent system. It should have an interface towards Integris LV system.

Global INTEGRIS architecture


European FP7 projectEuropean FP7 projectINTEGRIS INTEGRIS -- INTElligent GRId Sensor communicationsINTElligent GRId Sensor communications

Creating new ICT networks on service

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