Creating life long learnersCreating life long learners

David TaylorDavid Taylor

School of Medical EducationSchool of Medical Education

Liverpool UniversityLiverpool University

Who thinks they are life long Who thinks they are life long learners?learners?

What made you one?What made you one?

a persona person

an experience an experience

PiagetPiaget

Intelligence is knowing what to do Intelligence is knowing what to do even when you don't know the ruleseven when you don't know the rules

Dreyfus (Berkley)Dreyfus (Berkley)

need to learn to learnneed to learn to learn a university is a community of a university is a community of

learnerslearners

““Mood in the Room”Mood in the Room”

Learning StylesLearning Styles

Everyone has their own preferred Everyone has their own preferred learning stylelearning style

But they can only find it by But they can only find it by experience experience

It follows that we need to provide our It follows that we need to provide our students with as many different students with as many different learning experiences as possible.learning experiences as possible.

Dewey (1933)Dewey (1933)

Reflection is…Reflection is… A purposeful form of thought A purposeful form of thought

provoked in learners when they provoked in learners when they recognize that their understanding is recognize that their understanding is incomplete.incomplete.

WalkerWalker

Narratives destabilise comfortable Narratives destabilise comfortable worlds and offer the possibility of worlds and offer the possibility of empathetically understanding other empathetically understanding other liveslives

Grateful thanks to Lindsey Nicholls who Grateful thanks to Lindsey Nicholls who spoke at the SAAHE conference in UWC spoke at the SAAHE conference in UWC May 2006May 2006

Reflection vs reflexionReflection vs reflexion

Reflection = mirrorReflection = mirror Inner resonanceInner resonance

Reflexion = windowReflexion = window think aboutthink about

To be reflexive = a capacity to doubt To be reflexive = a capacity to doubt oneselfoneself

Bateson’s hierarchy of Bateson’s hierarchy of learninglearning

Level 0 Level 0 habithabit Level 1 Level 1 trial and errortrial and error Level 2 Level 2 self fulfilling prophesyself fulfilling prophesy Level 3 Level 3 responsibilityresponsibility

For your blind spotsFor your blind spots

What is a reflective learner?What is a reflective learner?

Experience

Theory

Reflection Action

In order to reflectIn order to reflect

3 things are needed 3 things are needed something to reflect onsomething to reflect on reflection time & modellingreflection time & modelling motivation motivation

Albanese,2006,Medical Education Albanese,2006,Medical Education 40;288-290 40;288-290

something to reflect onsomething to reflect on

Big pictureBig picture Boundaries of knowledge Boundaries of knowledge

Vygotsky (c. 1928)Vygotsky (c. 1928)

Zone of proximal developmentZone of proximal development

ZPD

BA

reflection time & modellingreflection time & modelling

TimeTime Role modelRole model

motivationmotivation

intrinsic is not always enough intrinsic is not always enough (Liverpool, Manchester vs. Cardiff...) (Liverpool, Manchester vs. Cardiff...) Not a surprise - tendency towards Not a surprise - tendency towards

strategic learning strategic learning

How to encourageHow to encourage

Journals & or small groups are Journals & or small groups are neither necessary nor sufficient neither necessary nor sufficient

The single biggest influence on me The single biggest influence on me was my biology teacher at school was my biology teacher at school who used to ask me how I got to the who used to ask me how I got to the answer.answer.

My two main questions as a PBL-My two main questions as a PBL-facilitator facilitator

1) what is the evidence for that?1) what is the evidence for that? 2) show us your working2) show us your working

Student needsStudent needs

DedicationDedication Self reliance Self reliance Hard workHard work TimeTime Attention to detail Attention to detail A role modelA role model