Creating Impactful Spatial Experiences by Carlo Giannasca

MADE Talk 22 July 2014 1

Designing an effective wayfinding system

Proprietary and confidential information ©Urbanite* 2014Proprietary and confidential information ©Urbanite* 2014



Proprietary and confidential information ©Urbanite* 2014

What Urbanite do?

We activate physical spaces by translating brand ideas, stories and customer journeys into three dimensions in ways that enriches both the space and the lives of those who interact with it.

Purpose of workshop

Proprietary and confidential information ©Urbanite* 2014 322 July 2014MADE Talk

The Urbanite team

Carlo Giannasca

Charlie Bromley

Joanna Mackenie

Adam Longo

Bridget Atkinson

Henry Ellis-Paul

Bianca Mediati



Designing an effective wayfinding system Purpose of workshop


Designing aneffective wayfindingsystem

MADE Talk_22 July 2014


MADE Talk 22 July 2014 5Proprietary and confidential information ©Urbanite* 2014

Designing an effective wayfinding system What is wayfinding?

A structured number of decisions leadingto the destination.

Identification

Iden

tifica

tion

Des

tinat

ion

Decision point

Decision point

Decision point

Con

firm

atio

n

Confirmation

Con

firm

atio

n

Start


Principles


622 July 2014MADE Talk


Designing an effective wayfinding system Principles

1 Create an identity at each location that differs from the others.

Source: http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/infoarch/publications/mfoltz-thesis/node8.html




Principle 1 Create an identity at each location



2 Create landmarks to provide orientation cues and memorable locations.




Principle 2 Create landmarks to provide orientation cues and memorable locations



3 Create structured paths that are easy to understand.




Principle 3 Create structured paths that are easy to understand



4Simplify the navigational choices.




Principle 4 Simplify the navigational choices



5Create areas of differing visual character.




Principle 5 Create areas of different visual character



6 Provide the user with a map if area is large and complex.




Principle 7 Provide the user with a map if area is large and complex

≤

05A

01

02

11Parramatta Rd

Broadway

Thomas St

Mary Ann St

Har

ris

St

Quay

St

Jone

s St

Wat

tle

St

Buck

land

St

The

Good

s Li

ne

George St

Aber

crom

bie

St

Ultimo Rd

Pitt St

WENTWORTH PARK

VICTORIA PARK

BELMOREPARK

Alumni Green

CENTRAL STATION

RAILWAYSQUARE

CHINATOWN

TAFE

DARLING HARBOUR

ABC

ULTIMO

HAYMARKET

CHIPPENDALE

Devonshire St tunnel

Central Park

TAFE

Macarthur Street

POWERHOUSEMUSEUM

BROADWAY SHOPPING

CENTRE

Blackfriars St

Mou

ntai

n St

Dar

ling

Dr

Reg

ent S

t

Lee St

McK

ee S

t

21-27

51

08

Om

nibu

s La

ne

Mary Ann Street Park

Kelly St

03 12

04

09

05B

05C

05D

10

11

ABC 07You Are Here

7 Minute Walk

12 Minute Walk

06



7 Locate signs at decision points.




Principle 7 Locate signs at decision points




Principle 7 Locate signs at decision points

When placing signs at the decision points in the space, ask two questions:

1 Should a sign be placed here?

2 What destinations should be included on the sign?



8 Establish clear sight lines to aid navigation.




Principle 8 Establish clear sight lines to aid navigation



9 Provide a universal visual language that will be understood by all.


Designing an effective wayfinding system Principle 9 Provide a universal visual language that will be understood by all


Designing an effective wayfinding system What not to do





What not to do


Designing an effective wayfinding system What the should have done




10 Assume everyone is a first-time visitor.



11 Design for the broadest audience possible.


Designing an effective wayfinding system Principle 11 Design for the broadest audience possible

User groups to consider:

Unimpaired SightHearing SituationalDevelopmentalLiteracyMobility

Designing an effective wayfinding system Principle 11 Design for the broadest possible audience

39MADE Talk 22 July 2014

Where a sign can be temporarily obscured, eg. In a crowd, the sign should be placed at a height of not less than 2000 mm above the ground plane of the finished floor

22

00

1872

170

9

122

7

729

20

00

160

014

00

100

0

Signs should be placed within a zone at a height not less than 1400mm and not more than 1600mm above the plane of the finished floor. Where space in this zone is used up, the zone for placement of signs may be extended downward to not less than 1000 mm from the plane of the finished floor.

Total Comfortable Viewing Zone = 482mmAS 1428.2

Source: National Endowment For The Arts, Needs Assessment Survey Instrument, Produced 6Y National Access Centre, USA

Zones Common View/reach/DDA

Signage ZoneAS 1428.2

1200 – 1600Tactile Signage Zone

Tactile Signage

Zone

Zone of Common

Reach

700Min Height Common Reach

1830

20°

30°

1550 Average

Eye Height

1220Average

Eye Height



ProcessDesigning an effective wayfinding system


Source: Wayshowing; Per Mollerup




1 Define the problem.

Process


Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Define the problem

Consider the following:

1 What is the real problem? 2 Are there related problems?3 Is there anything unique? 4 What is the budget?5 What is the timeline?



2 Gather the information.

Process


Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Gather the information


1 Who are the users? 2 How will they use the site?3 What will be their movement patterns? 4 When & how will they access the site?5 Does the architecture aid in wayfinding?6 Will branding influence the design?7 Best practice benchmarking



3 Analyse the data.

Process


Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Analyse the data


1 Understand requirements of all users 2 Times & places where problems occur3 Appropriate nomenclature 4 Language requirements5 KPIs for success



4 Develop the wayfinding strategy.

Process


Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Develop the wayfinding strategy Strategy Options

There a 4 types of strategy models that organise most wayfinding systems:

1 Connectors 2 Districts3 Landmarks 4 Streets

Source: The Wayfinding Handbook, David Gibson



1

Connector model The Forbidden City, Beijing

• Strong central axis• Concentric system of

gateways clearly lead the way

• Symbolic of the courts power and dominance

2

Districts model Cambridge

• Organic evolution over many centuries

• Adopted a system of individual precincts with distinct names, coat of arms and specific gateways

• Organising Gothic buildings into understandable entities

3

Landmarks model Rome

• Devised by Pope Sixtus V to creater a grander setting for the Catholic empire

• Axial roads and landmark focal points

• Located at the centre point of each axis was a major civic landmark

4

Streets model New York City

• A simple wayfinding mechanism was devised in 1811

• A grid of sequentially numbered streets




1

Connector model

2

Districts model

3

Landmarks model

4

Streets model


NORTHBUILDING

SOUTHBUILDING

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR

WESTBUILDING

EASTBUILDING

MAIN STREET

EA

ST

STR

EE

T

WE

ST

STR

EE

T

NORTH STREET



5 Plan the signage.

Process


Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Plan the signage

There a 4 types of sign catagories:

1 Identification 2 Directional3 Orientation 4 Regulatory



1 Identification



2 Directional



3 Orientation




Process Plan the signage

External Building IDS1

Level IDS7 Amenity IDS10

Blade signDoor ID

S9 BOH Room ID

Electrical RoomService Lift

Safety DecalO1

External TotemS2.A

Operational StatutoryO2 O3

No SmokingCCTV in operationHours of OperationCommunications Room

Fire StairsFHRFire ControlHazards

Tenant DirectoryS3 Lift Level Directional

Lift Carriage Directional

Lift CarriageIdentification

S4 S5 S6

1-20

A- E

A

Destination IDS8

BollardS2.B

Sign Hierarchy




Process Plan the signage

S1 External ID

T1

S2 External TotemS3 Tenant Directory S2 External Totem S3 Tenant Directory

A

B

C

D

H

G

F

A

B

C

D

H

G

F

E

A

B

C

H

G

F

E

A

B

A

B

S5 Lift Carriage Directional

(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)

S7 Level ID

00

S7 Level ID

00

S7 Level ID

00

S7 Level ID

00S7 Level ID

00

S7 Level ID

00

S7 Level ID

(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)

S4 Lift Level Directional

(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)

S9 BOH Room ID

Goods Lift


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)


(Messaging TBD)

S1 External ID

T1

S2 External Totem

(WB design)

S2 External Totem

(WB design)

S3 Tenant Directory

S3 Tenant Directory S9 BOH Room ID

Electrical Room

S7 Level ID

(Messaging TBD)

S1

S10

D2

S2

S3

S4

External Building ID

Amenity ID

IDENTIFICATION & DIRECTIONAL

Suspended Directional

External Totem

Tenant Directory

Lift Level Directional

Lift Carriage Directional

Lift Carriage Identification

Level ID

Destination ID

S5

S6

S7

S8

BOH Room IDS9

O1

O2

Safety Decal

Operational

StatutoryO3

REGULATORY

Masterplan locations



6 Design the physical forms.

Process




Process Design the physical forms


1 How it relates to the context 2 How many types are required3 Lighting requirements 4 Dynamic signage & monitors




Process Design the physical forms

Develop a proportional system whose forms maximise standard material sheet sizes to minimise waste.

1200 x 2400 (Standard sheet size)

600 x 1200

300 x 600

300 x 300

150 x 300

150x 150 1200 x 1200600 x 600

Process Design the physical forms A proportional modular sign family



Identification Sign300 x 300 mm

Identification Sign600 x600 mm

Directional Sign1200 x 300 mm

Identification Sign2400 mm high

Orientation Sign600 x 3000 mm

Regulatory Sign900 x 150 mm

3000

2400

1800

1200

600




7 Design the graphics.

Process


Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Design the graphics Viewing distances & legibility

3 m

etre

s

Sig

nViewing distancein meters

6 m

etre

s

9 m

etre

s

12 m

etre

s

15 m

etre

s

10 mmLetter heightin millimetres

20 mm

30 mm

40 mm50 mm

The diagram above illustrates the recommended letter height relative to viewing distances for a person with average eye sight



Designing an effective wayfinding system Process Design the graphics Choosing the best typeface for signage

Two important characteristics of letterforms affect its legibility

Futura Helvetica

1 High x-height

2 Open counter space

Akzidenz GroteskFlama ✓

✓

✕

✕





Process Design the graphics Typeface Selection Criteria


1 The character of the architecture 2 The brand the organisation3 Clarity and legibility4 International recognition5 Timelessness



Light reflectancy (LR) of typical colours

Black

Grey

Red

Orange

Blue

Yellow

Green

White

Process Design the graphics The science of colour




K1 – K2K1{ } x 100 = H

Example

13 – 813{ } x 100 = 38 85 – 13

85{ } x 100 = 84

Text colour: White (85)Background Colour: Red (13)

Text colour: Black (8)Background Colour: Red (13)

Sufficient contrast for displayInsufficient contrast for display

✓✕

Process Design the graphics The science of colour

K1 = Highest colour valueK2 = Lowest colour valueH = Contrast value

Optimal contrast value is at least a hue of 70

In wayfinding contrast is important for ease of reading.

TEXT TEXT

Source: Arthur & Passini





Arrow configuration principles

Diagrammatic Sign Elevation

Forward & up arrow

Right arrow Left arrow

Forward & right arrow

Forward & left arrow

Diagrammatic Sign Plan View

Process Design the graphics Directional Hierarchy

1

1 2

43

5

4

2

5

3

1

4

2

5

3




Process Design the graphics Sign layout

Grid articulates zones for arrows, pictograms and type



8 Implement the system.

Process




Process Implement the system

Provide the following:

1 Drawings and manufacture specification 2 Message schedule3 Sign location masterplan4 Select competent suppliers you can trust5 Prototype6 Revise and supervise manufacture7 Defects inspection



9 Evaluate the results.

Process




Process Evaluate the results

Action:

1 Evaluate after an appropriate period of use 2 Get feedback from staff3 Get feedback from visitors4 Identify what works and what doesn’t5 Fix it!

References

WEBSITES

urbanite.com.au

https://www.segd.org/

http://fontsinuse.com/tags/125/wayfindingswiss-miss.com

BOOKS

Wayshowing:A Guide to Environmental Signage Principles & PracticesPer Mollerup

Wayfinding: People, Signs and ArchitecturePaul Arthur and Romedi Passini

The Wayfinding Handbook Information Design for Public PlacesDavid Gibson

Signage and Wayfinding DesignChris Calori

Signage Systems & Information GraphicsAndreas Uebele

BLOGS

http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/19/the-design-of-a-signage-typeface/

http://www.pinterest.com/explore/way-finding/?p=2

http://opentype.info/blog/category/wayfinding/

http://typophile.com/node/12990

http://designspiration.net/search/signage/


75MADE Talk 22 July 2014 Proprietary and confidential information ©Urbanite* 2014


ThanksDesigning an effective wayfinding system


Creating Impactful Spatial Experiences by Carlo Giannasca

Design

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