OCEN GEORGE BUSH 10/U/14985/PSZURA AHMED 10/U/2556

TOPIC: Facilitating Induced Abortion Risk Awareness among Makerere University Students: The Edutainment Approach

INTRODUCTION

• The Latin word abortus means "miscarriage, premature or untimely birth".

• In medicine abortion means ending a pregnancy prematurely.

WHO defines unsafe abortion as the procedure of terminating a pregnancy that is performed by an individual lacking the necessary skills, or in an environment that does not conform to minimal medical standards or both.

ABOUT ABORTION

• Abortion can happen spontaneously or it can be induced,

• An estimated 44million abortions are performed globally each year with slightly half of these performed unsafely.

methods of induced abortion: • Use of abortifacients, herbs

and the use of sharp instruments, application of abdominal pressure among other techniques.

ABORTION AND THE LAW• Diverse religious, moral and cultural

sensibilities continue to influence abortion laws throughout the country.

• The law on abortion as listed in the 1995 constitution of Uganda is vague.

• CRHU indicates that majority of women in Uganda go for unsafe abortion even in cases where they would legally procure a safe abortion because they have been made to believe that terminating pregnancy is illegal.

• Perceived illegality of abortion services in Uganda have led to fear, stigma and secrecy driving women and girls to desperate measures to end pregnancies.

•

BACKGROUND

• Complications of unsafe abortion account for approximately an eighth of maternal mortalities worldwide though this varies by region. Infertility caused by unsafe abortions affects an estimated 24 million women and the rate of unsafe abortion has increased from 44% in 1995 to 49% in 2008.• MOH indicates a total of 292,000 abortions

annually in Uganda and this translates to 800 abortions per day and more than half procured using crude methods.• As many as 300,000 young women seek abortion

every year. post abortion treatment is expensive, ($130) per an individual (2009 estimates)• A growing level of evidence suggests that sexual

harassment is widespread in educational setting in many parts of the world (UNICEF, 2002).

FACTORS THAT PROMPT INDUCED ABORTION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS• Lack of financial support from the male

counter parts • Lack of moral and emotional support • Lack of adequate communication and

assertiveness skills by the female• Fear of dropping out of University • Fear of responsibility • Fear for the unbearable labor pain• Cultural norms and values • Lack of adequate knowledge of contraceptive

EFFECTS OF INDUCED ABORTION • Health Complications resulting to loss of life

• Secondary infertility

• Hemorrhage / excessive loss of blood

• Shock and emotional damage

• Disease and infections to reproductive organs.

LITERATURE REVIEW Entertainment is a performance or spectacle that captures

the interest or attention of individuals, giving them

pleasure and/or amusement (Singhal, 1990).

Education is a formal program of instruction and training

that has the potential to develop an individual's skill to

achieve a particular end by boosting his or her mental,

moral, or physical powers (Singhal, 1990).

Entertainment education‑ is the process of purposely

designing and implementing a media message both to

entertain and educate, in order to increase audience

members' knowledge about an educational issue, create

favorable attitudes, and change overt behavior.

MORE ON LITERATURE REVIEW

• Its use in radio, television, comic books, and rock music, when designed according to communication and social psychological theories, is a matter of the past 25 years• 1951,BBC began broadcasting Ybe Ambers, a

radio soap opera that carried educational messages about agricultural development.• Late 1950s, Elaine Perkins began experi

menting with the entertainment education ‑strategy in radio serials to promote family planning and other development issues.• We are"educated" by the entertainment

media, even if unintended by the source and unnoticed by the audience.

MORE ON LITERATURE REVIEW

• Used in Asia, Africa and in Latin America and has demonstrated effectiveness in changing behaviors related to reproductive health ,AIDS education and status of women( CDC, 2004).

• Radio soap opera, Twende na Wakati, in Tanzania.• NGOs have recently begun to use radio and Television

edutainment to address violence against women.• W.H.O estimates for eastern Africa which stand at 18%.• M.O.H indicates that annual abortion rate stands at 54

abortions per 1000 women of reproductive age, -292,000 abortions are carried out annually in Uganda, translating to a 800 abortions per a day.

• W.H.O estimates for eastern Africa which stand at 18%.

• M.O.H- abortion related causes accounted for 26% of maternal deaths.• In Uganda, matters relating to sex and sexuality are

shrouded in secrecy (“International Perspectives on Sexual”, 2012).

PROBLEM STATEMENT The entertainment media have a high potential to educate the

public about various social problems.

But most of these possibilities have not fully been put to use basing on a number of teachings including. The Hebraic Christian ‑concept of sin placing entertainment and en joyment.Messages about abortion are not tailored to suit the students interests.

National policy makers repeatedly prefer rational and serious approach to crafting and delivering the messages to the young people, media practitioners, and inter national donor agencies in both developed and developing countries do not seriously consider the educational potential of entertainment media.

Therefore, this campaign is mainly seeking to demonstrate the practicality of edutainment success in positively solving unsafe abortion among University students.

-8 months and these will be divided into four semesters

The campaign will actively running for the first two months of each semester at the university simply because this is the time when students can actively get involved especially before they start off with tests and exams.

GOAL:To raise awareness regarding the risks of induced abortion using the edutainment strategy to highlight its causes and effects among Makerere University students.

OBJECTIVES:• To raise awareness about the risks of induced

abortion among University students

• To highlight the causes and effects of induced abortion using the edutainment strategy.

• To promote abortion mainstreaming during student orientation.

TARGET AUDIENCES • The primary target audience is composed of

the female students of Makerere University• The secondary targets will include the

following:• The male students of Makerere University• The wardens in the halls of residence and

the various hostels in and around Makerere University. • Student leaders •Media houses • Administration at Makerere University and

the church leaders

STRATEGY AND TACTICS poetry

Drama and skits

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS

• THEORY OF REASONED ACTION

• conceptualizes social behaviors as a result of an individual’s decision making. • Analyses the ability of an individual to make reasonable

decision based on facts and information availed to him. • Theory of Reasoned Action has been used is in HIV-

preventive behavior. Where safer sex requires cooperation between sexual partners.• SOCIAL INFLUENCE• A model which integrates information- motivation-

behavior and skills with social influence as the bedrock.• Using influential persons in the entertainment industry

is the most proximate way to correlate and mediate the relationship between information and motivation to positive nuance.

METHODOLOGIES • The campaign will employ qualitative methods of data collection.

• Interviews: Face to face interviews.

• Focus group discussions

BUDGET

ACTIVITIES OR ITEMS ESTIMATED COSTActing and skits 3.5 million Ug shsSensitization campaigns or drives including counselling services

3 million Ug shs

Transport costs 500,000 Ug shsMedia costs 5million Ug shsOther logistics including condoms and contraceptives

2 million Ug shs

Internet costs 1million Ug shsMiscellaneous 1 million Ug shsTOTAL 17 MILLION SHILLINGS.

MONITORING

• Defined as the regular collection, analysis and use of information to help guide the programme. • Ensures that:• communication programme is carried out as planned.• No unforeseen, or unexpected events or shifts take place.• Determine whether the planned activities produced changes observed.• To be effective:• Inputs monitoring Measure the resources going into conducting and carrying out the preventing abortion interventions.• Process monitoring Whether activities were implemented with the planned frequency, intensity & appropriate timing.• Output monitoring.-Immediate results obtained from the communication programme through execution of the planned activities

EVALUATION

• Refers to the careful examination of an ongoing or completed programme that measures how well the programme has achieved its objectives.• Stimulate further improvement and redesign; guide cost-effective future funding

allocations and support advocacy.Utilize both student-based and programme-based data, gathered by qualitative methodologies. Evaluation of programme period a semester after the termination of the campaign.

Data coding

• For effective processing as well as• producing useful information for the user.

• Involves changing the original data• into a much shortened version in preparation for a more in-depth analysis. • Use open coding technique which will involve looking for distinct concepts and

categories in the data, which will form the basic unit of the analysis, where data will be broken down into master headings and sub headings• Clearly bring out the causes and risks involved in abortion as experienced and

witnessed by the interviewers and samples under study will be highlighted.

Data analysis • Involves inspecting, cleaning, transforming and modelling data to discover useful information, suggesting conclusions and support.

• Credibility of the information recorded and • all the data collected from the sources will be realistically weighed and

incorporated in the skits and poems.

• Look out for supporting material to the pre-developed assumptions and new trends and new information which had not been highlighted earlier.

Data Presentation• Due to the emotive nature of the subject abortion,• entertainment will be used in presenting the results.

• Forms of Dissemination:• Power Point presentations designed with text.• A documentary.• Will use captivating narratives and music plus pictures• to fully exemplify the risks involved in abortion and calling for action.

RECOMMENDATION

• Legislators and the leaders at various levels must clarify the abortion laws and broaden access to information about reproductive health.• Free and affordable public sector family planning and reproductive health

counselling services.• Expand and improve the quality of post abortion care services.

• Raise the provider’s awareness of the content and scope of the country`s abortion laws and to equip them with the appropriate training to provide safe abortion services in legally permitted circumstances.• Fictional genres have proved useful and efficient in passing on messages, contrary to what often is (not) obtained through the more traditional journalistic spread of information.

CONCLUSION• The practice of abortion is also increasingly being consolidated into larger

facilities. Market pressures account for the practice of abortion by specialized, urban and large case-load providers. To generate a profit margin, abortion clinics have almost exclusively located in urban areas where there is a large population base such as around Makerere University.

• The MOH 2006 National Policy Guidelines for sexual and reproductive health and rights, the only Government document which provides circumstances under which abortion may be provided in the country is in short supply, Ministry should embark on an exercise to disseminate information on the legal and policy framework regarding abortion to clear the inadequacies in the system and the law.

STAND UP FOR LIFE

Her body glistens in the lightI urge to play with her all nightGot you half flipping like fire,Come with me let me take you higher,I am the object of all your desire,And your attention is all I requireI pick her up and hold her steady,Running my hand up her back, for “bend over girl”This song makes me feel euphoric,We are having fun, believe me it shows. 

Her body glistens when in light,You are like a jewel baby so bright,And I am addicted when you shake it,I know when the same feelsI pick her up and hold her firm,I wanna take you to the clouds and let you scream my name,Willing seduction is no seduction at all,Have to stay focused, every moment counts.I take a deep breath, we both are ready.

Her body glistens in the dark,I start out slow to get in the swing,She starts to sing to my swing,The sounds and feelings grow more immense.The movement more intense.She screams and screams while am groping,Her roommate walks in“So you guys had already cum back”. Pretty jewel felt nausea last evening,I remember her body glistening in the light,Emotions run dead and she thinks am in love?No protection there was, no gloveDad bailed out he ain`t ready for a kid,Mum will blow it out of proportion,Plus she lives poor, so no money,Hell’s a place called home,

The days go by and my belly’s getting bigger,Why is the world so cold to trigger?Bleeding on my inside, crying on the out daily?Nobody got me pregnant really?I’ll pop the pills to get rid of the pain mainly, 

T’was short term escape-long term agony,My life’s now a mess,My head constantly spinning,My stomach paining and crumping,Vomiting, bleeding, and spotting,I now have two victims,A dead baby and a dead conscience,I hear a baby crying for this life. 

THE END

THANK YOU

THE END

THANK YOU