Created by

Luke P. Kaim

3/8/11

University of Denver

This project was to better understand the process of actually making maps within ArcGIS. The goal was to make maps by hand so that I would understand how the software package actually does this. This is why I call it a head fake because the aim was not really to learn how make hand drawn maps, but to learn some of the intricacies of the process.

Goal of this project was to compare two census tracts and see if socioeconomic factors changed the death rate of the tract. I chose two tracts within Denver. DU is located in one tract and the Denver Recue mission is located in the other tract.

Make two hand drawn maps of the tracts and statistically test the two sets of numbers to see if they are different.

For this project I was not allowed to use a computer and whenever possible I tried to use reference material before 1970.

Get Longitude and Latitude for all of the vertices of the two tracts.

Figure out extents of the two maps.

By hand convert Longitude and Latitude to decimal degree to the 1000’s place by hand. By doing this I made an attribute table for each tract.

Plot the points. This gives one the base map and then transfer them to a blank page or the finished copy.

Text and lettering is done using a Leroy lettering system or stencil.

Dr. Arthur Robinson the father of analytical GIS Longitude = X Latitude = Y Longitude runs north south, but measures east west Latitude runs east west, but measures north and south 5280 feet = 1 mile 1° of Longitude = 53.063 mi in Denver, Colorado 1° of Latitude= 68.886 mi Denver, Colorado Each degree of Latitude is about the same length Each degree of Longitude is not the same length and it

depends where you are on the globe.

Formula, to find distance in decimal degrees because the distance of Latitude and Longitude are different

In which D= arc distance between A and B a= Latitude of A b= Latitude of B p= Degrees of Longitude between A and B

cos (sin _ sin ) (cos _ cos _ cos )D a b a b p

How do we find area of an polygon? Planimeter Math and calculus

This was a really interesting fact that I did not know and it makes perfect sense and it shows how precise and smart people were when they started mapping this country in the 1700 and 1800 hundreds.

100 feet chain is the most convenient length of chain.

Does anyone know what a Gunter's chain is?

Or why it is 66 feet long?

It is 66 feet long because it was used to measure acreage.

66 feet x 10 chains = 660 feet *660 feet = 43,560 sq feet = 1 acre. It is still amazing how accurate mapping was hundreds of years ago.

These are the equations to look if the two sets of numbers are statistically different.

2

2

2

1

2 21 2 0 1 1 2 2

Standard _

( )

/ / ) ( / )

_ _ 1

n

ii

Deviation S

Variance S

Variance X X

T Test X X D S N S N

Degrees of freedom N

Things I learned in a deeper meaning Extent Generalization within ArcGIS Scale Longitude and Latitude Adding x,y in ArcGIS Having a deeper understanding for what goes on behind the

scenes in a GIS package. Text and lettering How we teach GIS and mapping. I show you and then you

show someone else. Think about heads up digitizing. There is no book that I am aware of that talks about how to do this. In the same way putting a point on a map.

Bibliography Burt, James. Elementary Statistics for Geographers. 3rd ed. New York ;;London: Guilford Press, 2009.

Print.   “Free Data | Overview.” Web. 8 Mar. 2011. Gonick, Larry. The Cartoon Guide to Statistics. 1st ed. New York NY: HarperPerennial, 1993. Print.   “Latitude and Longitude — Land Trust GIS.” Web. 8 Mar. 2011. Pausch, Randy. “Last Lecture: Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams.” Web. 8 Mar. 2011. “Planimeters & Green's Theorem.” Web. 8 Mar. 2011. Rene, Reitsma, and Trubin Stanislav. “Information Visualization - Information space partitioning using

adaptive Voronoi diagrams.” Web. 8 Mar. 2011. Williams, J Butler. Practical Geodesy: Comprising Chain ... - Google Books. Web. 8 Mar. 2011.