Crash Injury Mechanisms in Vehicle Mismatch Collisions Presentations... · Back right seat - fully...
Transcript of Crash Injury Mechanisms in Vehicle Mismatch Collisions Presentations... · Back right seat - fully...
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Crash Injury Mechanisms in Vehicle Mismatch Collisions
CIREN Seattle
Presenters: Stephanie Acierno, MD Rob Kaufman, BS
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Side impact standard improvements (SS214)
Use of side impact beams in doors
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Protection from side impact beams
Striking vehicle- Minimal intrusion
- No injury
- Delta V = 12 mph
- 01RYEW2
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Larger Vehicle and Side Impacts
Subdivisions vs. compact/economical
Some bumper heights are overriding the side impact supports
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Increasing LTV-Car Fatalities
NHTSA’s Research Program For Vehicle Aggressivity and Fleet Compatibility - Hollowell, Summers, Prasad.
U.S. Sales and Registrations of Light Trucks and Vans
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Year
Per
cent
age
(%)
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Fatalities in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Collisions
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Fat
aliti
es
Car-Car CollisionsLTV-Car CollisionsLTV-LTV Collisions
Increasing LTV-Car Fatalities
NHTSA’s Research Program For Vehicle Aggressivity and Fleet Compatibility - Hollowell, Summers, Prasad.
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Current Publication submitted:“Vehicle Mismatch: Injury Patterns and Severity”, Acierno, Kaufman, Rivara, Grossman, Mock
Reviewed and selected cases from 200 Seattle CIREN:
1. Side Impacts (Passenger vehicle struck by LTV)
2. Frontal Impacts (Passenger vehicle)
3. Frontal Impacts (LTV)
Seattle CIREN team research on incompatibility
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Side impacts with larger vehicles with lateral door support beams
Side View End View
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Intrusion = Injury
Adults -Think Thorax!!
Children- Think head
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This becomes head contacts for children
End View
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Mismatch Side Impact Injury Patterns
End ViewEnd View
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Frontal Impacts
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Occupant energy distribution
Restrained vs. Intrusion or Unrestrained
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Direct Contact Forces w/ Intrusion
- Body already accelerating toward object
- Intrusion increases the forces loading on the lower extremities
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Left mid-shaft femur fracture due to override impact and intrusion to instrument panel
Pre-crash Post-crash
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Offset Frontal Impacts with Vehicle Mismatch
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SUV-Truck vs. Sedan
Obvious mismatch in bumper heights, or bumper frame
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SUV-Truck vs. Sedan
Override impact creates significant intrusion of instrument panel/hood
SUV bumper into grill of sedan
Sedan bumper into front tire/axle
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SUV-Truck vs. Sedan
Longitudinal intrusion is created and impacts the head, chest and lower extremities
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SUV-Truck vs. SedanPassenger bumper frame impacts the SUV tires and axle which become forced into the floor and toe pans
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Side Impact Vehicle Mismatch Case Reviews
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Side Impact - Vehicle Mismatch
- Front Seat Passenger
- Elderly person
- Lap/Shoulder belt
- Struck by a large pickup
- Lateral Direction of Force
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Upper door panel intrusionOverride of support beams
Toyota Corolla struck by large F250 pickup truck
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Upper door panel intrusion Case review
End View
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Injuries
AIS Region2 Head3 Head
4 Chest
2 Abdomen
2 AbdomenISS = 29
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CIREN Case Review
90’s Ford
20 mph Delta V
PDOF = 60
Struck by large pickup
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Critical Head Injuries Critical Head Injuries Side Impact Case reviewSide Impact Case review
Child
Back right seat - fully restrained
Sleeping with head against door
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40 cm of intrusion at door panel, window sill
Deformation from head contact
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40 cm of intrusion at door panel, window sill
Deformation from head contact
End View
Head Injury Summary
- Serious Brain Injury, AIS = 5
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Frontal Offset Case Review
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SUV vs. Minivan
SIDEWALK
REFERENCE PT
REFERENCE LINETANGENT LINE
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
3
33
2
Posted Speed limit = 30 mph1
1
3
3
V1- 80’s SUV
Subject V3 - 90’s Van
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SUV vs. Minivan
90’s Van Offset = 63%
Delta V = 27 mph
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Demographics/IntrusionsDriver - Mid 30’s Female.
Restraints: Lap/shoulder belt
Airbag Deployment
Driver Area Intrusions Toe pan = 45 cm Instr.Panel = 42 cm A pillar = 52 cm Windshield = 24 cm Kick panel = 18 cm Steering col. = 15 cm
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Driver Contacts
Both Knees contacted into bolster area
INJURIES
Left Mid-shaft Femur Fx
Right Mid-shaft Femur Fx
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Offset Frontal Case Review Toe Pan Intrusion
Late Model Lincoln Navigator
Subject Driver
50’s Female
Manual Lap/shoulder belt
Deployed Frontal and Side airbags
Late 90’s compact Driver fatally injured
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Delta V = 20 mph
Impact to front left tire
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55 cm (21”) longitudinal intrusion of toe pan
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Injury summary
Left Foot
- Cuboid fx
- Cuneiform fx (medial)
- 1,2,3,5 metatarsal fx
- L great toe proximal phalynx fx
Right Foot
- Distal tibia Fx, comm.
- Distal fibula fx
- 1-5 metatarsals fx
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The Next Step
• Confirmatory Study of Injury Patterns using CDS Data– Evaluate Frontal and Side Impact Patterns
• PV struck by PV• PV struck by LTV• LTV struck by PV
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Frontal CrashesInjury Severity in Frontal Crashes
0 5 10 15 20
ISS >8ISS >16
Head AIS >2Thorax AIS >2
Abd AIS >2Lower AIS >2Upper AIS >2
Died
Percent of Crashes
PV vs. PVn=9691
PV vs. LTVn=4132
LTV vs. PVn=3792
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Side CrashesInjury Severity in Side Crashes
0 10 20 30 40
ISS >8ISS >16
Head AIS >2Thorax AIS >2
Abd AIS >2Lower AIS >2Upper AIS >2
Died
Percent of Crashes
PV vs. PVn=3269
PV vs. LTVn=1775
LTV vs. PVn=833
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Vehicle Mismatch Impacts
Preventive Measuresdocumented from CIREN research
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Side impact with child in booster seats
Minimal Head Injury Head positioned
above door interior
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Side Airbags Provide Head Protection
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Side View End View
Utilize CIREN case studies evaluate side impact federal safety standards
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Side View End View
Require more door frame support to match with the growing fleet of SUV/Trucks on the road today
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What to do about mismatch bumper frame heights?
Create a vertical component on the frame rail ends of the sedan or spoiler frame on LTV’s
Further examine CIREN data to provide input for SS
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Toe Pan intrusion to SUV/Trucks
Better reinforcement behind wheel wells to prevent toe pan intrusion from front tires Lower bumper frame to
match passenger cars
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Thank you