Electronics on Anything

Ioannis (John) Kymissis Department of Electrical Engineering

Columbia University johnkym@ee.columbia.edu

http://kymissis.columbia.edu

Transistors

•  Transistors are the core of electronic systems

•  They are switches •  Transistors let us do

math, but can also be used for power handling and other functions

Bohr, IEDM 2011

CPU/microcontrollers

RF amplifiers

Display

Resonators

Touchscreen

Battery

Silicon processing

Krishna Saraswat Stanford U

Moore’s law

As dimensions shrink: More parts Better performance

Silicon is amazing, but…

•  Is there more to electronics than just really tiny, really fast chips?

What else is out there?

•  Thin film electronics are different…

•  We add semiconductors (as thin films) to other materials

•  This gives us the power to put electronics on (nearly) anything

(top) CMOS Digital Integrated Circuit Design – Analysis and Design by S.M. Kang and Y. Leblebici

Thin film electronics as a toolbox

Most important market - $150B market

•  AMLCD – liquid crystal displays start with a piece of glass and have millions of thin film transistors on them

META

L-1

METAL-2

Doped Si RGB Pixel 115x115um

ITO contact via

leftover ITO

Storage cap.

TFT

6th Gen iPod Nano, courtesy Alexander Gondarenko

Transistors + Piezoelectric film = Active matrix microphone

Collaboration with Lisa Olson (CUMC)

Touch: Piezo sensing using PVDF

l  First disovered by Kawai in 1969

Active matrix process flow

•  Low thermal budget respects Curie point

•  Both local amplification and switching can be integrated

•  Metal gate can be included or omitted

Changes to the process and structure…

Printing TIPS pentacene

Dual Vt flow

Boundary layer flow measurements

Acoustic interference measurements

Cochlear microphone version

Zhang, Kymissis, Olsen. ARO 2014

Transistors + Electrostrictive polymer = Polymer muscle

Electrostrictors for mechanical actuation

PVDF-TrFE-CTFE sheet achieves a strain of ~5%, but is driven at ~500V

Carta, ICFPE 2012

Let’s add some transistors!

Bimorph Actuator

–  p -OFET

n-OFET

Vdd

GND

Actuating Electrodes

Carta, Organic Electronics (accepted, 2012)

Low-voltage electrostrictor control

•  CMOS OFET level shifter allows control using CMOS-compatible control voltages

•  Actuation applies 400V, control <<30V

•  We have also designed several actuators for precision positioning using this technology

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) + Organic photodetectors (OPDs)= Blood flow monitor

Collaboration with Hongtao Ma and Ted Schwartz (Cornell Med)

•  The brain is very tightly vasoregulated

•  In a seizure, there is a typical pattern of blood flow: deoxygenation, flow response, re-perfusion/re-oxygenation

•  The optical resolution of this response is better than 100um

Ultra-thin substrate version

Recrystallized transistors + LEDs = Ultra-bright display

Vincent Lee (Lumiode) James Im (Columbia)

AMLED Projector project

•  LEDs together with laser recrystallized silicon can create a projection display with performance far exceeding that of any other light engine

•  Driving those LEDs needs a lot of current sourcing capability (~10A/cm2)

Thin film transistor + LED

LED TFTs

Conclusions

•  Silicon electronics are great, but limited in what they can do

•  Thin film electronics allow us to build electronics on anything thanks to their low thermal budgets and relaxed need for templating, etc.

•  With this hybrid integration approach, we can mix and match the functionalities we need (especially array control, switching, sensing, and amplification) to build the systems of the future

The team

Ph.D. students:, Jon Beck, Hassan Eddress, Shyuan Yang, Fabio Carta, Amrita Masurkar, Kostas Alexandrou, Willis Kim, Jose Banhomide, Aida Colon Alumni: Zhang Jia (Apple), Eddy Hsu (Qualcomm), Vincent Lee (Lumiode), John Sarik (Xenix), Marshall Cox (Radiator Labs), Haig Norian (Kulite) Postdocs: Andy Zhang, Dr. Htay Hliang Collaborators: Ken Shepard (FBAR), Peter Kinget, Ted Schwartz (Cornell), Asit Ray (IBM), Chung Lam (IBM) Funding and industrial partners: NSF, CU NSEC, DOE EFRC, AFOSR, QDVision, SRC, MARCO, Google, US Army, Vodaphone Foundation, DARPA, ARPA-e, IBM, DTRA, QEL, and eMagin

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Thanks! johnkym@ee.columbia.edu