Crack Sealing and Joint Repair Systems

Olivier Mainardis – Arup

IAT Seminar 2019

Crack Sealing and Joint Repair Systems

1. Types of Pavement Cracks and Joints

2. Need for a TII Standard

3. Background Research

4. Standard Preview

SURFACE CRACKING

Top to bottom

• Thermal

• Block

STRUCTURAL CRACKING

Bottom to top

• Fatigue / Alligator

• Reflective

• Edge

Types of Pavement Cracks

Caused by the inability of the foundation and/or pavement to withstand strain, shear and tensile stresses created by traffic loading, ground conditions and/or climatic conditions.

SURFACE

Between 2 surface courses of:

• same or different age

• same or different material

SUB-SURFACE

Between 2 sub-surface layers of:

• same or different age

• same or different material

Types of Pavement Joints

Joint failures generally caused by:

• Low material compaction at edges

• Differences in level and settlement (e.g. widening)

• Poor vertical and horizontal faces bond

• Location of the joint relative to wheel tracks

Need for a TII Standard

No Harmonised European Standard

I.S. EN 14188 series covers Joints Fillers and Sealants which are NOT materials suitable for surface crack and joint repairs.

Need for a TII Standard

No specification for the use of these systems on National Roads:• How to get a system approved for a specific use• What system to use to treat each different type of

crack or failing joint• How to ensure consistent installation and validation

of early system performances

Get System Approval

DesignConstruct and

Maintain

Background Research – Literature Review

The following standards and best practices have been reviewed:

• USA: ASTM Standards and Caltrans Standards

• UK: RSTA CoP and BBA Certification documentation

• Ireland: I.S. EN 14188 series

• Australia: Austroads “Guide to Pavement Technology” and AAPA “Pavement Working Tips No. 8 – Treatment of Crack in Flexible Pavements”

• Germany: TL Fug-StB 11 – “Technical Delivery Conditions for Joint Fillers in Traffic Areas”

Background Research – Literature Review

Elements requiring consideration:

• Requirements on the system’s constituents (binder, aggregate…) vs. Performance based specifications for the whole systems

• Tests in laboratory and on site (before and after opening to traffic)

• Definition of Roles and Responsibilities

Strength

Adhesion

Flexibility

Water Resistance

Durability

Skid Resistance

Viscosity

Workability

Background Research – Irish Context

Testing done on all three types of systemsSubstrate:• Concrete vs. asphalt substrate• “V” channel or trapezoidal channel

Skid Resistance:• Before and after wheel tracking test (50 vs. 60°C)• Wide vs. narrow slider• Long vs. short sweeping length

Wheel tracking IS EN 12697-22 (Proc. A, small device):• 50 vs. 60°C testing temperature

Background Research – Market Consultation

Industry Consultation

• Mix of manufacturers, installers and distributors

• 12 different systems

• All types of systems (Overband, Fill and Overband, Inlaid)

• Hot and Cold Applied

• Bituminous / resinous binders

• Single or multiple components

• Mostly BBA HAPAS approved systems (UK)

• Various expected durability (3, 5 or 8 years)

Background Research – Market Consultation

We asked about:

• Testing and certification achieved (BBA / EN 14188)

• Variability of application in terms of:• In/out of wheel track zone

• Type of road (single, dual, motorway/local, ports…)

• Substrate (HRA, SMA, Concrete…)

• Weather conditions for installation

• System’s height above surface level

• Failure mechanisms

All used to draft up the specifications

Standard Preview – Design

Employer’s Representative

Specify works to Contractor

Employer’s Representative

Select right type of system to treat the right crack/joint under the right constraints

Employer’s Representative

Identify the need

Different types of systems:

• Overband

• Fill and Overband

• Inlaid

Standard Preview - Design

Standard Preview – System Approval

Contractor and Manufacturer

System certified for a prTAIT family

Contractor and Manufacturer

System approved through prTAIT

Contractor

Select right proprietary system to satisfy specifications

Laboratory Validation• Requirements on constituents• Requirements on whole system

Site Validation• Ability to install on site• Assessment of performance before and after

trafficking

PrTAIT Certification• After successful 1, 6, 12 months monitoring plan

Standard Preview - PrTAIT

Standard Preview - Requirements

TestCrack Sealing and

Joint Repair SystemsTest Method

AggregateResistance to Fragmentation –

Los AngelesLA30 IS EN 1097-2

Resistance to Polishing – PSV PSV60 IS EN 1097-8Resistance to Surface Abrasion

– AAVAAV10 IS EN 1097-8

ReferenceOverband

Systems

Fill and

Overband

Systems

Inlaid Systems Requirement Test Method

Skid Resistance Value

- Initial (iSRV)

- Retention after wheel

tracking (rSRV)1

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

≥ 60

≥ 50 Annex B – Test Methods2

Tensile bond to asphalt (N.mm-2) for SMA slab

- Initial

Test at -10 ±2ºC

Test at +20 ±2ºC

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

To be recorded

≥ 0,5

Test Method 4: Tensile Bond to

Asphalt

(sample preparation as per

Preparation Method 3: Tensile

Bond to Asphalt)

- After heat ageing3

Test at -10 ±2ºC

Test at +20 ±2ºC

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

To be recorded

≥ 60% of initial value

Wheel tracking / Resistance to permanent deformation

Using EN method

- WTSAir (µm/cycle)

- RD (mm)

N/A

N/A

✓

✓

✓

✓

5

10

IS EN 12697-22 (procedure A 50°C

small device)

(sample preparation as per

Preparation Method 1: Retention of

Skid Resistance Value for Overband

Systems and Inlaid Systems)

Notes1 Wheel tracking test to be in accordance with IS EN 12697-22 (procedure A 50°C small device). Procedure to determine retention to be in accordance

with Test Method 3: Resistance to Permanent Deformation and Retention of Skid Resistance Value for Inlaid Sealing Systems.2 For all systems a SRV correlation between the wide slider and the narrow slider will need to be developed as the wheel tracking width is 50mm (see

Annex B – Test Methods).3 Heat ageing at 70 ±2ºC for 28 days.

Reference Requirement (All systems) Test Method

Skid Resistance

Skid Resistance Value (iSRV)1 ≥ 60 IS EN 13036-4

Alignment, levels, tolerances & regularity (mm)

Levels Match existing pavement -

Tolerances 0/+4 mm -Adjacent to surface water or linear

drainage channel+10 – 0 mm -

Performance of the surface run-off

No standing water shall be

present as a result of

system installation.

Visual inspection after

spilling water around the

treated area. (as per section

3.5.2.3)Note1 Where SRV testing is undertaken to confirm compliance, it shall consist of four tests per kilometre of system

installed with a minimum of three tests for any installation

Reference Requirement (All systems) Test Method

Visual assessment of defects

Pi - Loss of material (%)01 Visual inspection

Skid Resistance Value (rSRV)2 ≥ 50 IS EN 13036-4

Performance of the surface run-off

No standing water shall be

present as a result of

system installation.

Visual inspection

(as per section 3.5.2.3)

Notes

1 The Zero ‘0’ defects requirement applies to the integrity of the system in terms of preventing water ingress to

the pavement e.g. cracking, breakage, loss of bond etc. The assessment does not extend to minor loss of surface

aggregate through trafficking

2 Where SRV testing is undertaken to confirm compliance, it shall consist of four tests per kilometre of system

installed with a minimum of three tests for any installation

Standard Preview – Install Approved System

Contractor

Assess system’s performances prior to opening to traffic

Contractor

Install the system following same method as during prTAIT

Contractor

Demonstrate certification to the Employer’s Representative

Contractor

Select right proprietary system to satisfy specifications

Thank you