CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 1 November 14-15, 2009, Cornwall Fest @ UCLA...

CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 1

November 14-15, 2009, Cornwall Fest @ UCLA

In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more


I. Intro: Why are we here?

II. The B Factories, the KM Nobel — and the Shortfall

III. NTUHEP and its Exploits

IV. A Prediction of sinsin22BBss a priori — from AAKK

V. A Eureka Moment : Heavenly CPV !?

VI. In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more

Outline


I. Intro:

Merging of Exp & TH

Why are we here?Why are we here?

MatterMatter !!

Matter Matter (?)

Antimatter: 0%

CPV & BAU: The Sakharov View

Bang

Us

13Byr

• Baryon Number V iolation• CP Violation

• Deviation from Equilibrium

PairAnnihilation

( CMB ’s )

1010-9-9 MatterMatter leftleft !!

Equal Matter -Antimatter

(1967)

Why

are

we

here

?

DiscoveryDiscovery of CP Violation Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 138 (1964)

! Sakharov for .... Small Too :102 3

Sakharov Stimulated by ...

1980 Nobel

CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase

Particle Anti

Particle

CP Violation Primer

QM

i

i

CPVCPV


Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of SMSM

Unitary3x3 “Rotation”

0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV

Need to be Nontrivial for CPVCPV

► ►

dj

ui

WW –Jgg VVijij

WW

Wolfenstein parametrization

3 Generations Needed

1973


II. The B Factories, the KM Nobel, and the Shortfall


The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II

KEKB

BelleBaBar

Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF

Tag Flavor


Purpose of B Factory

Measure sin2 via TCPV in B → J/KS

How did this allcome about ?


CP conserv.

A: Decay Amplitude

M12 : Mixing Amplitude

A

M12 Ā

CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference

T-dep. CPV Primer

B0B0 B0 B0 Oscillations: ei m tM12

CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference

BB

BB

Interference of Two Types of Phases

CPV V*2

td

“Double Slit”


CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase

Particle Process Anti Particle Process

CP Violation Primer

22 = = mm tt

22 = = argarg VVtdtd

TCPV:


A = C for BaBar: Mass Difference00 B-B

: CP Eigenvalue of final state f

: state at time t from at t = 0

:

1

CPV Phase in Mixing

Measure

Time-dependent CPV (TCPV) Asymmetry

DCPV

Carter-Sanda; Bigi-Sanda 1980-81


a big boost !


The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II

KEKB

BelleBaBar

Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF

Tag Flavor

Asymmetric Energy !

P. Oddone, 1987P. Oddone, 1987


One B Decay Tag Flavor

Other B Decay CP Eigenstate

Measure Both Decay Vertex

J/KS, ’ KSKS KS 2001 !

Belle

B decays in ~ picosecond

The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/KS

z t

B0 or B0


b d transitions consistent with SM

β


KM Phase Confirmed by Experiment ~ 2001

Area ≠ 0

1964


"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokensymmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discoverdiscovery of the originorigin of the broken symmetry which predictpredicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University

Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa

1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize

USA Japan Japan

Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan

Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)

b. 1944 b. 1940

CP Violationin SM

7 October 2008

B Factories(BaBar & Belle)


CPVCPV so far only observed in KM ...

• Nontrivial CPV Phase

Nontrivial • All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate,

Otherwise Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish.

Jarlskog Invariant (1985) for CPVCPV


CPViff

J ≠


2010 KM ~

B.A.U. from CPVCPV in KM in KM ? The Lore.

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVMasses too Small !

103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP0

nnB

Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)

103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM

CPV Phase

Small, but not Too small

Too Small in SMToo Small in SM

EW Phase Transition TemperatureEW Phase Transition Temperature~ v.e.v.~ v.e.v.

Why Repeat ? “Flavor Problem”

v.e.v.v.e.v.

u, d, s, c, b quarks too light

the Shortfall : KM misses BAUBAU by at least ...


III. NTUHEP and its Exploits


The Two B Factories

Mt. Tsukuba

PEP-II

KEKB

Asymmetric Energy !

P. Oddone, 1987P. Oddone, 1987

Inadvertantly lead to my return to Taiwan in 1992


I Intro • Sprinkling of Flavor/CPV — “Heaven on Earth” 12

II Entrance: Hardware 6

III Science Output from Taiwan BelleTaiwan Belle

Rare Decays Direct CPV 4

TCPV 5

Offshoots /Discovery 6

Prowess 4

IV Hints for New PhysicsHints for New Physics: S,,

Dh / ppK

Sf / VV pol.

Objective

... a dramatic “Career Doubling”— founder/pusher of NTUHEP

Built EFC Participate SVD2

~ 20% of allBelle papers !

Observed !Observed !

A

TCPV

could not have planned th

is


Strategy: Rare Decays Direct CPV

Part of motivation for starting T-Belle is Density of B-phenomenologistsDensity of B-phenomenologists — Hai-Yang Cheng (AS) Xiao-Gang He (NTU) (recruited as part of build-up Chao-Qiang Geng (NTHU) Hsiang-nan Li (AS) (built-up in the process Kwei-Chou Yang (CYCU) (trained thru process Chuan-Hung Chen (NCKU) ( ” ” Chung-Kiang Chua (AS) ( ” ” and myself ...

Guess what, Our specialty ISIS — Rare Decays and Direct CP Violation

Have theorists, want experimentalists !


My CPV Internship

a few remarks ...


becoming semi-expert

Bander-Silverman-Soni phase/mech.1979

Invitation by Roberto


PSI B Project died 2 weeks

after I arrived ...


I Intro • Sprinkling of Flavor/CPV — “Heaven on Earth” 12

II Entrance: Hardware 6

III Science Output from Taiwan BelleTaiwan Belle

Rare Decays Direct CPV 4

TCPV 5

Offshoots /Discovery 6

Prowess 4

IV Hints for New PhysicsHints for New Physics: S,,

Dh / ppK

Sf / VV pol.

Objective

... a dramatic “Career Doubling”— founder/pusher of NTUHEP

Built EFC Participate SVD2

~ 20% of allBelle papers !

Observed !Observed !

A

TCPV

could not have planned th

is


Crowning: Rare Decays Direct CPVhh modes became “ours” since 2003


Tree PenguinInterference

CPV Phase

N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Difference

Kmodes: Main Mine for DCPV

Recall D ~ 30, so K, likely


Highlight of 2004

2005 Conf., “4.97”


K: 1964 1999

CP Violation History

Mixing(-dep.) Direct

B: 2001 2004

DCPVTCPV


IV. A Prediction of sinsin22BBss a priori — from AAKK


Belle 2008 ⟨Nature⟩: Simple Bean Count

AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020

DifferenceIs

Large !

Exp. Established

Belle + BaBar (+ CDF)

b → s CPV

And Not

Predicted !


Unexpecte

d !

ICHEP 2004, Beijing

ACP(B K)ACP(B K)

ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02

275M BB New

K: 728 53

Large EW penguin (Z0) ?

New Physics ?

[also seen by BaBar]

_d

d

K

u u

B sb

Sakai

Saga Towards Belle Nature Paper ...

hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)

ICHEP 2004, Beijing

PEW

Z’

Belle 2004 PRL: Seedby

“you

rs tr

uly”

Y. Chao, P. Chang et al.


_d

d

K

u u

B sb , t ’

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

A 12% vs 15% (data)

A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and sb P

EW

ion)(illustrat

GeV 030t'm

, t ’


arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]

Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !

sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7

WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07

arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]

UTUTfitfit

IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!sin2Bs 0.64

0.16 0.14

3.73.7 ~2.8

± ?

(already in 05)PRL’08PRL’08

PRL’08PRL’08

2.1

Summer ’09


V. A Eureka Moment : Heavenly CPV !?

Mind broadened by writing 《 Nature》


103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~

B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?

Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)

Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVmasses too small !

103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM

CPV Phase

0n

nB



Only fac. 30 in CPV per se

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings (Masses) !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings (Masses) ! Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?

103.02.0 10)1.5(

n

nB

WMAP

2010 KM ~

B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?

0n

nB

If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)

WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]

Providence

Enough CPV?

Enough CPV?


1,2,3

2,3,4


VI. In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more

CPV for the Universe


• sin2Bs “Evidence” by 2010 ?

“Observe” by 2011 ?

• t’ Search Ongoing:

mt’ > 311 GeV @ 95% CL

Tevatron

• sin2Bs “Confirmation” — “Easy” for LHCb

• b’, t’ Discovery — Straightforward/full terrain

LHC

Glimpse of agenda at CMS

Tevatron/LHC Verification

Unequivocal BSMUnequivocal BSM

... if true

But when ?

mb’ > 325 GeV @ 95% CL


Analysis Status: 4 Papers (PAS)

F. Ambroglini, P. Bartalini, L. Fano’, R. Field Kai-Feng Chen and Rong-Shyang Lu

Kai-Feng Chen Y. Chao

EXO

QCD


Conclusion: Know in 3-5 Years

~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain

10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515

Even if O (1)Enough CPV for B.A.U.

Maybe there is a 4th Generation !

Will Really Know in ~ 3–5 years !

Heaven on Earth ?

@ LHC

sin2Bs

@ Tevatron

by 2010


"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"

"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"

Source of EW SSB ?!

Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University

Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa

1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize

USA Japan Japan

Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan

Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)

b. 1944 b. 1940

SSB ! Yukawa Largeby

Condensecan QQ

Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?

Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner

Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen.


Back to my roots of Strong Dynamics / Finite T ?


or, deeper ...


mBd, tt op and Vtd

tt

tt op, a v.e.v. scale quark, “discovered” 20 years ago (ARGUS)

NondecouplingNondecoupling — — tt ~ 1 1

CPV Phasearg V td

“Higgs Affinity”

LoopsLoops mBd

Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 55

Offshoot Discovery I — D0h0

• Early 2001 - Rong-Shyang “tooling” w/ finding ... sees D

- Japanese student and Paoti, indep’tly ... see D Convenors Act —

Reported Summer 2001 !Reported Summer 2001 !

Form “Battle Group” ‣ Jack D ‣ Hsuan-Cheng D

‣ Rong-Shyang D

SU(3) argument

Why the rush?— Much Enhanced!

100 %


Belle 23M, PRL 88, 052002 (2002)CLEO 9.7M, PRL 88, 062001 (2002)

More modes, done in less time

BaBar 89M, PRD 69, 032004 (2004)

enhance Isospin Strong PhaseDifference D ~ 30

K,

D ~ ½ 1


Prowess I: TCPV in Charmless B sqq

Jack

• Shih-Chieh finished M.S., after army, went for US (still finishing at FNAL)• I did not give instructions to move into Time-dep. CPV study ... [flagship TCPV, sin21 measurement via B J/K0, was completed 2001

we strategically stayed away so as not to get sidelined.• This was the first TCPV study outside of charmonia final states. — A remarkable test for method. BaBar followed only a year later.• NTU’s expertise in / payed off. Nobody was better suited.• Jack became a big expert on B sqq TCPV in Belle• Belle (Jack’s) result consistent with SM expectation, while BaBar’s is at some variance.

BelleBaBar


John


SKS = sin 21

SM (KM) Prediction

Possible SUSYSUSYFCNC/CPV Loop

Can Break Equality

Real

Penguins (Vertex Loops)


TCPV in Charmless B sqq Cont’d

BelleBaBar

2002 2003 2004

...

SVD2 (2003+) S = +0.78 0.45 A =+0.17 0.33

SVD1S = 0.68 0.46A = 0.02 0.28

4.5%

• 2003 result caused a sensation [I was shocked

• 2003-2004 data set opposite sign• BaBar consistent with SM Belle converging

But we firmly entered TCPV.Also mode (Chin-Chi Wang)

...

’K

S

KS .

..


_d

d

Ku u

Bsb

Why A K+- A K+0 0 a Puzzle ?

Large C ?

Large EWPenguin ?

Suppress Tree CPV Phase

Need NP CPV Phase∵ T and PEW

≈ same strong phase

?

?Currently working w/ Hsiang-nan et al. on NLO-PQCD NP Z-penguin


Find bb’’, tt’’, or Rule Out @ LHC

44thth generation? — The jury is out …

In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !

It’s a Duty.

Strategy Considerations ( )• Well shielded training ground — All ToolsAll Tools ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years

• Publish early — Large Cross Section - If “Limits”, then easy to publish - If “Signal”, Lucked Out!

Sighting Vision ~ Early ’06

Well shielded

Publish early

CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 1 November 14-15, 2009, Cornwall Fest @ UCLA...

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Transcript of CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 1 November 14-15, 2009, Cornwall Fest @ UCLA...