KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES, DEEMED UNIVERSITYSKRISHNA INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,KARADSubject: - Medc!" Su#$c!" Nu#%&$- II'#(cedu#e (& CARDIOPULMONARYRESUSCITATION (CPR) Sub)tted T(:-'#(*+M#+Tu,!#!) -!$!de+ M.Sc Nursing Dept. of Medical Surgical Nursing KINS, Karad.

Sub)tted ./:-M#+A)(" D+'!t"+Second Year M.Sc Nursing KINS, Karad.CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATIONINTRODUCTION:We have always known that CPR is not a single skill but a series of assessmentsand interventions. More recently wehavebecomeaware that cardiac arrestis not asingle problem and that the steps of CPR may need to vary depending on the type oretiology of the cardiac arrest.CPR is a key part of emergency medical care designed to resuscitate individualsin cardiac arrest. The purpose of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is to temporarily provideeffectiveoxygenationofvital organsespeciallythebrainandheartthroughartificialcirculation of oxygenated blood untilthe restoration of normalcardiac and respiratoryactivity occurs. The intended effect is to stop the degenerative processes of ischemiaand anoxia caused by inade!uate circulation and inade!uate oxygenation. "uickinitiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is critical to improve the likelihood ofrecovery# ideally it should be started within $ min of arrest and advanced cardiac lifesupport should be initiated within % min of arrest. While basic life support alone may belifesaving in some instances in most cases advanced interventions such as the deliveryof electric current for defibrillation and the addition of various pharmacologic therapiesarere!uiredtomaximi&ethelikelihoodof patient recovery. Without rhythm'specificinterventions recovery from cardiac arrest is highly unlikely.DEFINITION:Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the process of externally supporting thecirculation and respiration of the person who has cardiac arrest. '(ewis et.al. )*++*,CHAIN OF SURVIVAL-The .merican /eart .ssociation uses $ links in a chain )the 0Chain of 1urvival0,toillustratetheimportant time'sensitiveactionsfor victimsof 231C.. Threeandpossibly all $ of these links are also relevant for victims of asphyxial arrest. These linksare 4. 5arlyrecognitionof theemergencyandactivationof theemergencymedicalservices )5M1, or local emergency response system. *. 5arly bystander CPR- immediate CPR can double or triple the victim6s chance ofsurvival from 23 1C.. 7. 5arly delivery of a shock with a defibrillator- CPR plus defibrillation within 7 to 8minutes of collapse can produce survival rates as high as $9: to ;8:. $. 5arlyadvancedlifesupport followedbypost resuscitationcaredeliveredbyhealthcare providers. SEQUENCE OF CPR FOR ADULTS:0 ?f the victim responds but is in@ured or needs medical assistance leave the victimto phone. Then return as !uickly as possible and recheck the victim6s conditionfre!uently. Ac!"#e he e$er%enc& $e'!c#( ser"!ces:?f a lone rescuer finds an unresponsive adult )ie no movement or response tostimulation, the rescuer should activate the 5M1 system get an .5A )if available, andreturntothevictimtoprovideCPRanddefibrillationif needed. When*or morerescuersarepresent onerescuer shouldbeginthestepsof CPRwhileasecondrescueractivatesthe5M1systemandgetsthe .5A. ?f theemergencyoccursinafacility with an established medical response system notify that system instead of the5M1 system.Open he #!r)#&:To prepare forCPRplace the victim on a hardsurfacein afaceup)supine,position. ?f an unresponsive victim is face down )prone, roll the victim to a supine )faceup, position. ?f a hospitali&ed patient with an advanced airway )eg endotracheal tubelaryngealmask airway B(M.C or esophageal'trachealcombitube BCombitubeC, cannotbe placed in the supine position )eg during spinal surgery, the healthcare provider mayattempt CPR with the patient in a prone position.. healthcareprovider shouldusetheheadtilt'chinlift maneuver toopentheairway of a victim without evidence of head or neck trauma. .pproximately*:of victimswithblunt traumahaveaspinal in@ury andthisriskistripled if the victim has a craniofacial in@ury. ?f a healthcare provider suspects a cervicalspinein@ury opentheairwayusinga@awthrust without headextension.