CPR and First AidCPR and First Aid

Junior HealthJunior Health

Why learn CPR & First Aid?Why learn CPR & First Aid?

• skills to:skills to:– PreventPrevent– recognize recognize – provide basic care for injuries and provide basic care for injuries and

sudden illnesses until a medical sudden illnesses until a medical professional arrives professional arrives

Take action…Take action…

• How many Americans are How many Americans are hospitalized every year because of hospitalized every year because of injuries?injuries?

Answer:Answer:

• Over 2 millionOver 2 million

Take action…Take action…

• How many of the 2 millionHow many of the 2 million die die because no one knew what to do?because no one knew what to do?

Answer:Answer:

• 142,000142,000

*Recognizing an Emergency*Recognizing an Emergency

• Unusual sightsUnusual sights

• Unusual behaviors or appearancesUnusual behaviors or appearances

• Unusual odorsUnusual odors

• Unusual noisesUnusual noises

Emergency Action StepsEmergency Action Steps

• Once an emergency has been Once an emergency has been recognized…recognized…

• *CHECK-CALL-CARE**CHECK-CALL-CARE*

CHECKCHECK

• ALWAYS ALWAYS checkcheck the scene 1 the scene 1stst to to ensure ensure youryour safety (find out # of safety (find out # of victims, what happened, look for victims, what happened, look for bystanders to assist you)bystanders to assist you)

• Check the victim for consciousnessCheck the victim for consciousness– ““Are you okay?”Are you okay?”– *Best way to do it (tap and shout)*Best way to do it (tap and shout)

CALLCALL• CallCall 9-1-1 or have someone else call 9-1-1 or have someone else call

EMS to the sceneEMS to the scene

• CARECARE for the victim for the victim

Check-Call-CareCheck-Call-Care

• *Get consent*Get consent

• *Ask questions*Ask questions

• *Do not touch or move painful, *Do not touch or move painful, injured areas on the bodyinjured areas on the body

*If you think the person is in shock…*If you think the person is in shock…DO NOT GIVE THEM ANYTHING TO DO NOT GIVE THEM ANYTHING TO DRINKDRINK

SHOCKSHOCK

• Life threatening conditionLife threatening condition• Not enough blood is being delivered to all Not enough blood is being delivered to all

parts of the body- organs begin to failparts of the body- organs begin to fail• Signs of shockSigns of shock

– IrritableIrritable– NauseaNausea– Rapid breathing and pulseRapid breathing and pulse– Pale, cool and moist skinPale, cool and moist skin– Excessive thirstExcessive thirst

Care for shockCare for shock

• Call 9-1-1Call 9-1-1

• Monitor ABCsMonitor ABCs

• Keep person comfortable and Keep person comfortable and reassure themreassure them

• Do NOT elevate legs (to avoid any Do NOT elevate legs (to avoid any further injury)further injury)

Good Samaritan LawGood Samaritan Law

• gives legal protection to people who gives legal protection to people who willingly provide emergency care to willingly provide emergency care to injured people without expecting injured people without expecting anything in returnanything in return

• Designed to Designed to encourageencourage people to people to help othershelp others

Good Samaritan LawGood Samaritan Law

• Use common senseUse common sense

• Do not exceed the scope of your Do not exceed the scope of your trainingtraining

• Do your best to save a life or to Do your best to save a life or to prevent further injury prevent further injury

CONSENTCONSENT

• Obtaining Obtaining consentconsent is another form of is another form of protectionprotection

• You MUST get consentYou MUST get consent before before caring for a caring for a conscious conscious victimvictim

To get consent-To get consent-

• State your name.State your name.

• Tell the victim you are trained in 1Tell the victim you are trained in 1stst Aid.Aid.

• Ask the victim if you can help.Ask the victim if you can help.

• Explain what you think may be Explain what you think may be wrong.wrong.

• Explain what you plan to do. Explain what you plan to do.

What if…What if…

• the victim does not give consent-the victim does not give consent- - *DO NOT give care. Just call 9-1-1*.- *DO NOT give care. Just call 9-1-1*.

• the victim is Unconscious-the victim is Unconscious-– A victim who is unconscious, confused or A victim who is unconscious, confused or

seriously ill may not be able to grant seriously ill may not be able to grant consent.consent.

– consent is IMPLIEDconsent is IMPLIED

What about children?What about children?

• Implied consent applies to minors Implied consent applies to minors (under 18 y.o.) who obviously need (under 18 y.o.) who obviously need emergency help when no emergency help when no parent/guardian is present.parent/guardian is present.

Preventing Disease Preventing Disease TransmissionTransmission

• precautions to protect yourself from precautions to protect yourself from disease transmission disease transmission – Avoid contact with blood and body fluidsAvoid contact with blood and body fluids– Use gloves, breathing barriersUse gloves, breathing barriers– Wash hands with soap and water Wash hands with soap and water

immediately after giving careimmediately after giving care

RiskRisk

• The risk of getting a disease while The risk of getting a disease while giving 1giving 1stst Aid is Aid is extremely lowextremely low

• Taking precautions can reduce the risk Taking precautions can reduce the risk even furthereven further

• How are diseases transmitted?How are diseases transmitted?– through contact with blood or body fluids, through contact with blood or body fluids,

through the air, through contaminated through the air, through contaminated water and food and by animals and insectswater and food and by animals and insects

What can be transmitted What can be transmitted through blood?through blood?

• HIV- can only be transmitted through HIV- can only be transmitted through exposure to infected blood, semen, exposure to infected blood, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk vaginal secretions and breast milk (NOT by touching a person’s (NOT by touching a person’s unbroken skin).unbroken skin).

What can be transmitted What can be transmitted through blood?through blood?

• Hepatitis B- transmitted through Hepatitis B- transmitted through unprotected direct or indirect contact unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood (not casual with infected blood (not casual contact like shaking hands, water contact like shaking hands, water fountains)fountains)

Universal Precautions/Standard Universal Precautions/Standard PrecautionsPrecautions

• *Minimize the risk of disease transmission*Minimize the risk of disease transmission

• Treat everyone’s blood and bodily fluid as Treat everyone’s blood and bodily fluid as if it were INFECTED.if it were INFECTED.

• Put all materials that contain blood or Put all materials that contain blood or bodily fluids in its own separate container.bodily fluids in its own separate container.

GlovesGloves

• Correct way to remove gloves.Correct way to remove gloves.

• Wash hands once gloves are Wash hands once gloves are removed.removed.