CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas...
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![Page 1: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering
The University of Texas at AustinAustin, TX
How the pore scale affects the field scale: Real world examples
David A. DiCarlo
![Page 2: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Acknowledgments
Stanford UniversityAkshay SahniMartin Blunt
University of TexasHassan Dehghanpour
Behdad AminzadehMohammad Mirzaei
![Page 3: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Variety of flow scales
Continuum ScalePore Scale Field Scale
GasOil
![Page 4: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Interests and motivation
The configuration of fluids at the pore-scale controls flow and transport at field scales Three-phase (gas, oil, water) flow Preferential flow Unsaturated flow in fractures In-situ measurements of pore filling Fluid-fluid interfacial area in porous media Continuum and discrete formulations of flow
![Page 5: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
NAPL
Water
Three-phase (gas, oil, water) flow
Essential component of oil recovery or aquifer remediation
GasOil
Oil recovery by gas injection Leaking gasoline
Key parameters: Residual oil (Sor) and flow speed (kro)
![Page 6: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Prudhoe Bay’s extra oil At best, only 50% of the original oil in
a reservoir is recovered by a waterflood
Prudhoe Bay’s eventual recovery will be over 70%! (>$100 B difference)
Why?• Prudhoe Bay is the world’s largest
gas injection operation
![Page 7: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Objectives Understand at a basic physical level
why high recoveries are possible for three-phase flow
Develop a quick method to measure three-phase relative permeability (normalized recovery rate)
Systematically measure three-phase relative permeability as a function of wettability and saturation history
![Page 8: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Experimental set-up Create 1m long sandpacks with
varying degrees of wettability Fill sandpacks with oil and water, then
open the bottom and let drain out Use dual-energy computed
tomography (CT) to measure the saturation of each phase versus position and time
![Page 9: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
9
Experimental Set-up
Oil phase N-octane, Aqueous phase 10 wt % NaBr , Gas phase Air
Vertical Positioning System
Effluent
Gas Invades the System
![Page 10: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Long time saturation vs position and time – initial experiments
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
z (cm from the top)
Oil
Sat
ura
tio
n
initial
5 hours
22 hours
46 hours
4 days
9 days
25 days
![Page 11: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Calculating Relative Permeabilities
ui = -(K/) kr(Si) Pi/x
To directly measure the relative permeability of a phase you need
• The fluid saturation - Si
• The flux - ui
• The pressure gradient - Pi/x
![Page 12: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Saturation vs Position and Time
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 20 40 60 80 100
z (cm from the top)
Oil
Sat
ura
tio
n
initial
5 hours
22 hours
46 hours
4 days
9 days
25 days
oil moved saturation
![Page 13: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Measured Relative Permeability Can measure
relative permeability over 6 orders of magnitude
Measure with different wettabilities
Measure with different initial states
![Page 14: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Oil Permeability Remains Finite to Low Saturations
Oil relative permeability depends on wettability
![Page 15: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Oil trapping after waterflood
solidgrain
water
trappedoil
![Page 16: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
No oil trapping after gasflood
oillayers
gas
![Page 17: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Oil remains mobile to very low saturations
Water becomes immobileat around Sw = 0.1
Oil and water are not interchangeable
![Page 18: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Fluids on water-wet and oil-wet surfaces
gw
ow
gogo
gas
water-wet surface
oil
water
gw
ow
gowater
oil
gasgw
oil-wet surface
Oil spreads on water
Water beads on oil
![Page 19: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Fluids in pore corners
Oil layers at low So Oil cannot be
trapped
go
ow
oil gas
water
ow
gas
gw
water
oil
water-wet corner oil-wet corner
No water layers!Water can be
trapped
![Page 20: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Layers Show up at Low Sat
All oil in layers
q ~ r4
So ~ A~ r2
kro ~ So2
go
ow
oil gas
water
![Page 21: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Current work – Three Phase
Comparing results to Stone and saturated average three-phase permeability models
Can possibly fit by changing the residuals Extending reconnection work to different
wettabilities Measure pressures, and do with real rock
cores and CO2 ?????
![Page 22: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Interests and motivation
The configuration of fluids at the pore-scale controls flow and transport at field scales Three-phase (gas, oil, water) flow Preferential flow – flow at frontal interfaces Unsaturated flow in fractures In-situ measurements of nano-particles Surfactant imbibition into oil-wet media Continuum and discrete formulations of flow
![Page 23: CPGE Department Seminar, Apr 18, 2011 Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX How the pore scale affects the.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050714/56649e535503460f94b49acf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CPGEDepartment Seminar, Apr 18, 2011
Thanks for your attention!