CPGC Presentation October 2015

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Transcript of CPGC Presentation October 2015

Page 1: CPGC Presentation October 2015

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Page 2: CPGC Presentation October 2015

The  star*ng  point  is  the  Duty  of  Care.  We  all  owe  a  duty  of  care  to  other  road  users  and  that  is  a  common  law  duty  to  exercise  reasonable  care  and  not  to  expose  others  to  harm  by  our  ac*ons.  When  considering  a  claim  for  compensa*on,  you  need  to  establish  that  a  duty  of  care  is  owed,  there  has  been  a  breach  of  that  duty  of  care  AND,  as  a  result,  a  person  has  been  injured.  The  important  point  is  negligence.  Negligence  is  established  based  upon  the  concept  of  balance  of  probability.  Importantly,  presumed  liability  does  not  do  away  with  the  concept  of  negligence.  For  a  vulnerable  road  user  to  be  compensated,  there  has  to  be  a  negligent  act  which  resulted  in  the  collision.        Many  argue  that  compensa*on  is  wrong  and  out  of  control.  Some  even  suggest  we  have  a  “compensa*on  culture”  yet  as  Sheriff  Principal  James  Taylor  stated  in  his  Review  Of  Expenses  and  Funding  of  Civil  Li*ga*on  in  Scotland,  “there  is  a  different  culture  in  Scotland“  and  there  is  no  evidence  of  a  “compensa*on  culture  “  in  Scotland.      The  whole  purpose  behind  an  award  of  compensa*on  is  an  aPempt  to  put  an  injured  individual  back  into  the  posi*on  they  would  have  been  in  but  for  the  accident.          

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In  our  fault  based  system  for  road  traffic  civil  liability,  it  is  the  individual  who  bears  the  burden  of  proof.    It  is  the  individual  who  must  establish  the  fault  or  negligence.  In  so  doing,  it  is  the  individual  who  takes  on  the  might  of  the  insurance  industry.  Claims  for  compensa*on  are  made  against  insurance  companies  and  not  drivers.    Drivers  must  pay  for  compulsory  third  party  insurance.  If  a  driver  causes  a  collision  and  another  is  injured,  his  or  her  insurance  company  will  pay  any  third  party  claim.    Our  present  fault  based  system  ignores  the  concept  of  harm  and  who  brings  most  harm  to  a  road  traffic  collision.    As  Lord  Denning  stated,  “to  require  the  individual  to  prove  fault  results  in  the  gravest  injus*ce”.    Presumed  liability  is  about  recognising  who  is  most  able  to  bear  the  burden  of  proof.  Is  it  the  individual  in  our  current  fault  system  or  should  it  be  the  large  insurer  in  a  presumed  liability  system?        

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There  is  no  automa*c  en*tlement  to  compensa*on  under  presumed  liability.  Presumed  liability  is  about  transferring  the  burden  of  proof  in  recogni*on  of  who  brings  most  harm.    However,  Road  Share  proposes  to  protect  the  children  (<14),  elderly  (>70)  and  the  disabled.  They  should  be  compensated  without  having  to  prove  fault.    

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Sally  Low  was  killed  following  a  collision  with  a  car.  She  was  on  her  own  carriageway.    An  independent  witness  confirmed  she  had  done  nothing  wrong.  Despite  that,  the  car  driver’s  insurance  company  would  not  compensate  her  family  and  it  took  18  months  for  her  2  teenage  sons  and  other  family  members  to  recover  much  needed  compensa*on.  Sally  was  a  single  mother  and  therefore  the  sole  bread  winner.          Mark  Lonnen  was  injured  when  a  car  driver  opened  his  door  into  his  path.  Despite  the  straight  forward  circumstances,  the  driver’s  insurance  company  would  not  compensate  Mark.  An  ac*on  had  to  be  raised  in  court  and  it  took  12  months  for  Mark  to  receive  compensa*on.          Alex  Gibson  was  injured  when  a  mini-­‐bus  overtook  him.  The  driver  did  not  leave  sufficient  room.  The  driver’s  insurance  company  denied  liability.  Proceedings  were  raised  in  Court  and  it  took  18  months  for  Alex  to  recover  his  award  of  compensa*on.          Jamie  Aarons  was  injured  in  a  similar  fashion  to  Mark  Lonnen.  On  this  occasion,  a  taxi  driver  opened  his  door  into  her  path.  He  later  denied  liability.  His  insurance  company  maintained  they  had  6  witnesses  that  would  prove  that  Jamie  had  cycled  into  an  open  door.    Proceedings  were  raised  in  Court  and  the  case  sePled  11  months  aeer  the  incident.          

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To  suggest  that  presumed  liability  will  somehow  turn  Scots  Law  on  its  head  is  a  complete  nonsense.  Principles  of  Scots  Law  are  such  that  the  individual  has  always  been  protected  where  the  concept  of  harm  is  relevant.    Take  for  example  the  Animal  Scotland  Act  where  a  dog  owner  is  strictly  liable  if  his  or  her  dog  bites  an  individual.        The  work  place  had  strict  liability  un*l  it  was  removed  following  upon  Sec*on  69  of  the  Enterprise  and  Regulatory  Act.  Before  that  and  following  introduc*on  of  strict  liability  in  1993,  fatal  accidents  in  the  workplace  were  reduced  from  1.3  per  hundred  thousand  to  0.5  per  hundred  thousand  over  a  20  yr  period.      The  Consumer  Protec*on  Act  extends  strict  liability  to  the  manufacturer  or  supplier  of  defec*ve  goods.  If  an  individual  is  injured  as  a  result  of  a  defec*ve  product,  the  manufacturer  or  supplier  is  strictly  liable  to  compensate  that  individual.    All  these  examples  take  into  account  harm  and  who  brings  most  harm  to  a  situa*on.  Why  then  is  it  so  difficult  for  us  to  understand  that  presumed  liability  recognises  the  concept  of  harm?    Why  can  we  not  take  that  one  small  step  forward?      

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Judges  do  take  into  account  the  aspect  of  blame  worthiness.  We  seem  to  be  half  way  there.    For  example,  Lady  Jus*ce  Brenda  Hale  stated,  “the  court  has  consistently  imposed  upon  the  drivers  of  cars  a  high  burden  to  reflect  the  fact  that  the  car  is  poten*ally  a  dangerous  weapon”.        

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From  our  research,  we  have  established  that  no  country  in  the  world  has  achieved  both  high  levels  of  walking  and  cycling  and  low  casualty  levels  without  presumed  liability.    Can  anyone  at  Transport  Scotland  seriously  state  that  there  is  any  evidence  that  Scotland  will  achieve  the  desired  increase  in  safe  ac*ve  travel  without  presumed  liability  when  our  research  proves  otherwise.  It  is  not  a  coincidence  that  the  countries  in  Europe  with  presumed  or  strict  liability  have  a  far  bePer  culture  of  road  share.    

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Presumed  liability  is  about  responsibility.  Liability  acts  as  an  incen*ve  to  exercise  care.  If  you  are  in  control  of  an  object  of  danger,  then  it  is  fair  and  reasonable  that  you  should  be  presumed  liable  to  compensate  those  injured  following  a  collision.  Presumed  liability  is  also  about  social  responsibility.  Some  complain  that  it  is  not  fair  and  yet  look  at  the  evidence  from  the  French  insurance  industry.  The  FFSA  say  that  “insurers  now  support  the  "Loi  Badinter"  because,  as  well  as  providing  quick  and  fair  compensa*on,  it  has  also  “given  high  protec*on  to  vulnerable  road  users”  and  that  “aeer  the  implementa*on  of  the  law,  the  road  traffic  accidents  decreased.”    As  a  Na*on,  how  seriously  do  we  take  the  health  and  safety  of  vulnerable  road  users?    As  a  Na*on,  do  we  care  more  about  the  insurance  industry  or  more  about  our  children,  elderly  and  the  disabled?    

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The  imposi*on  of  liability  affects  how  categories  of  actors  respond  to  the  risks  they  create.  Liability  acts  as  an  incen*ve  to  exercise  care.  Presumed  liability  will  have  a  posi*ve  affect  not  a  nega*ve  one.          

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