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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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CPET 575 Management Of Technology
Week 1
An Overview of Management, Technology and Strategy
Fall 2015
A Specialty Course Master of Science in Technology
Industrial Technology/Manufacturing & IT/Advanced Computer Applications Tracks
Purdue University Fort Wayne CampusPaul I-Hai Lin, Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Technology
http://www.etcs.ipfw.edu/~lin
Text book: 1Robert A. Burgelman, Clayton M. Christensen, and Steven C.
Wheelwright, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0073381543, 2009.
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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CPET 575 Course Description
CPET 575 Management of Technology, Class
3, Cr. 3This course introduces conceptual foundation and the
methods for managing technology and innovation.
Topics include technology and society; technology
development infrastructure; technology and strategy;
technology competitive analysis, forecasting and
assessment; techniques for dealing with risk, uncertainty
and change; tools and best practices for technology
lifecycle management; government, societal, and
international issues. A combination of lectures, reading,
presentation and reports, a variety of case studies and
group discussions is used.
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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CPET 575 Reference Materials
IEEE Engineering Management Review, from IEEE Technology
Management Council,
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?reload=true&pun
umber=46 (access through IPFW Library e-journal)
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, from IEEE
Technology Management Council,
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=17
(access through IPFW Library e-journal)
Engineering Management Journal,
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2221
IT Professional – Technology Solutions for the Enterprise, from
IEEE Computer Society,
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6294
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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CPET 575 Reference Materials
MIT Technology Review (access through IPFW Library e-
journal), www.technologyreview.com
MIT Sloan Management Review, www.sloanreview.mit.edu
Harvard Business Review (access through IPFW Library e-
journal), www.harvard,.edu/HBR
Business Week, http://www.businessweek.com/index.html
The Wall Street Journal, http://online.wsj.com/public/us
Forbes, http://www.forbes.com/lists/
Fortune, http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/
Others (IPFW e-Journal access)
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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CPET 575 Class Activities, Expectation,
Grading The class format will be 3-hour lecture/discussion/case
presentation
Active student participations: class discussion,
discussion forum, conference webinars, new technology
and company profiles research etc
Assignments
Case Studies
Projects
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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An Overview
of
Technology, Management and Strategy
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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An Overview
Technology
Innovation
Technology Management
Strategy
History of Technology
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Technology: Definitions
Terms Defined in Webster’s
New Collegiate Dictionary
• Technology
Systematic treatment of a
technical method of achieving a
practical purpose
The totality of the means
employed to provide objects
necessary for human substance
and comfort
Internet Technology
Networking Technology
Computer Technology
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Technology – Other Definitions
“Four Meanings of Technology,” Science,
Technology, and Society, by Robert E. McGinn,
Stanford University, 1990, Prentice Hall• Technology as Technics
• Technology as Technology
• Technology as a Form of Human Cultural Activity
• Technology as a Total Societal Enterprise
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Technology – Other Definitions Science, Technology, and Society program – Division of
Social and Economic Sciences, National Science
Foundation,
http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=5324:
“The Science, Technology, and Society (STS) program
supports research that uses historical, philosophical, and
social scientific methods to investigate the intellectual,
material, and social facets of the scientific, technological,
engineering and mathematical (STEM) disciplines. It
encompasses a broad spectrum of STS topics including
interdisciplinary studies of ethics, equity, governance, and
policy issues that are closely related to STEM disciplines,
including medical science.”
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Technology – Other Definitions
Technology – from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology : ”Technology (from Greek
τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia[3])
is the collection of techniques, methods or processes used in
the production of goods or services or in the accomplishment
of objectives, such as scientific investigation. Technology can
be the knowledge of techniques, processes, etc. or it can be
embedded in machines, computers, devices and factories,
which can be operated by individuals without detailed
knowledge of the workings of such things.”
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Technology – Other Definitions
Technology1 – refers to the theoretical and practical
knowledge, skills, and artifacts that can be used to
develop products and services as well as their
production and delivery system.
Technology1 can be embodied in people, materials,
cognitive and physical processes, plant, equipment, and
tools.
Page 2, of 1Robert A. Burgelman, Clayton M. Christensen, and Steven C. Wheelwright, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 5th edition, McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0073381543, 2009.
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Technology2
1. Sustaining the Private Corporation
2. Source of Personal Identity
3. Social Integration and Stratification
2Science, Technology, and Society, by Robert E. McGinn, Stanford
University, 1990, Prentice Hall
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Innovation
Merriam-Webster, http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/innovation
• The introduction of something new;
• A new idea, method, or device (Novelty)
Innovative ideas, products, business, technology
The Top Five Most Innovative Tech Projects, 2014,
Forbes,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jaymcgregor/2014/06/26/bud
get-driverless-cars-and-glow-in-the-dark-trees-the-top-
five-most-innovative-tech-projects-of-2014-so-far/
• SCiO molecular scanner, Driverless car, Glow in
the dark trees, AnkiDrive, PocketScan
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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The Industrial Revolution – First Phase
Industrial Revolution,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_Revolution
• Began in Britain in the late 18th ecntury
• Important technological developments: Textiles, Steam
Power, Iron Making
“ … The Industrial Revolution – the name given to
movement in which machines changed people’s way of
life as well as their methods of manufacture,” Lewis
Hackett, 1992, Industrialization: The First Phase,
http://history-world.org/Industrial%20Intro.htm
• (1) the Invention of machines to do the work of hand tools;
• (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place
of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and
• (3) the adoption of the factory system
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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The Second Industrial Revolution: 1840 – 1860
From Wikipedia “ The Second Industrial Revolution, also
known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of
the larger Industrial Revolution corresponding to the
latter half of 19th century, sometimes between 1840 and
1860 until World War I. It is considered to have begun
around the time of the introduction of Bessemer steel in
the 1850s and culminated in early factory electrification,
mass production and the production line.”
Characterized by the build out of railroads, large-scale
iron and steel production, wide spread use of machinery,
greatly increased use of steam power, use of oil,
beginning of electricity and by electrical communications.
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Third Industrial Revolution,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_industrial_revolution
• Digital Revolution
The Third Industrial Revolution, April 21, 2012, The
Economist, http://www.economist.com/node/21553017 :
• “The digitization of manufacturing will transform the way goods
are made – and changes the politics of jobs too. ..
• A number of remarkable technologies are converging: clever
software, novel materials, more dexterous robots, new
processes (notably three-dimensional printing) and a whole
range of web-based services.”
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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4th Industrial Revolution
Project of the Future – 4th Industrial Revolution (Internet of
Things)
• Industry 4.0, Federal Ministry of Education and Research,
http://www.bmbf.de/en/19955.php
Smart Factory – the next Industrial Revolution,
https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/smart-factories-next-industrial-
revolution
• The interconnection of devices – the Internet of Things – will
become more widely used in industry and manufacturing
Industry 4.0 Challenges and Solutions for Digital
Transformation and Use of Exponential Technologies,
http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ch/Documents/manuf
acturing/ch-en-manufacturing-industry-4-0-24102014.pdf
10
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management – Definitions
“Management” defined in the Webster’s New
Collegiate Dictionary
• The act or art of managing
• The conducting or supervising of something (as a
business)
• The collective body of those who manage or direct an
enterprise
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Strategy – Definitions
“Strategy” defined in the Webster’s New
Collegiate Dictionary:
• The science and art of employing the political,
economic, psychological, and military forces of a
nation or group of nations to afford the maximum
support to adopted policies in peace or war
• The science and art of military command exercised to
meet the enemy in combat under advantageous
conditions
• A careful plan or method
• The art of devising or employing plans or stratagems
toward a goal
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CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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History of Technology3
Technology in Archaeology
• Material technologies (stone tools, wood, pottery,
copper, bronze, iron <steel>)
• Agriculture technologies
• Information technologies (cave art, Venus figures,
writing)
• Energy technologies (fire, irrigation, sailing ships,
wheeled vehicles)
3 Fredick Betz, Managing Technology Innovation, 2nd, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 2003
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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History of Technology3
Transportation Technology
• Horse, wheeled vehicles
• Ship, stream boat,
submarines
• railroads, steam
locomotive,
• Cars, trucks
• Air planes, rocket
Energy Technology
• Man power
• Animal power
• Wind power
• Coal, steam power
• Fossil fuel power
3 Fredick Betz, Managing Technology Innovation, 2nd, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 2003
12
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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History of Technology3
Technology – Military Conflicts
• Ancient warfare (weapons and armor; clubs, spears, knifes,
bow and arrows)
• Medieval warfare (military tactics, cavalry-based forces)
• Gun power warfare (first developed in Song Dynasty, 960 –
1279, China)
• Industrial warfare (mass-conscripted armies; rapid
transportation – railroads, sea, and air; telegraph and
wireless communications)
• Modern warfare (variety of tools and methods available to
modern battlefield commanders)
3 Fredick Betz, Managing Technology Innovation, 2nd, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 2003
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management in Today’s High Tech
Business Environment4
Activities
• Cluster around projects with team efforts that span
organizational lines involving a broad spectrum of
Personnel
Support groups
Subcontractors
Vendors
Partners
Government agencies and
Customer organizations
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
13
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management in Today’s High Tech
Business Environment4
Critical Needs for Success in High-Tech Business
• Effective linkages, cooperation, and alliances among
various organizational functions are critical for proper
communication, decision making, and control.
Requires
• Sophisticated teamwork
• The ability to manage across functional lines with little or
no formal authority
• Dealing effectively with resource sharing
• Multiple reporting relationships and accountabilities
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management in Today’s High Tech
Business Environment4
Characteristics and Challenges of Today’s
Technology-Based Business
• High task complexities, risks, and uncertainties
• Fast-changing markets, technology, regulations
• Intense competition, open global markets
• Resource constraint, tough performance
requirements
• Tight, end-date-driven schedules
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
14
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management in Today’s High Tech
Business Environment4
Characteristics and Challenges of Today’s
Technology-Based Business (cont.)
• Total project life-cycle considerations
• Complex organizations and cross-functional linkages
• Joint venture, alliance and partnerships; need for
dealing with different organizational cultures and
values
• Complex business process and stakeholder
communities
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management in Today’s High Tech
Business Environment4
Characteristics and Challenges of Today’s
Technology-Based Business (cont.)
• Need for continuous improvements, upgrades, and
enhancements
• Need for sophisticated people skills, ability to deal
with organizational conflict, power, and policies
• Virtual organizations, markets, and support systems
• Increasing impact of IT and e-business
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
15
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Management in Today’s High Tech
Business Environment4
Resulting in demand for
• High market responsiveness
• Fast developments
• Low cost
• High levels of creativity, innovation, and efficiency
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Scope of Management of Technology (MOT)
and Focus4
Different meaning to different people
Scope is very broad and diverse
• MOT relates to specific research and development of
new concepts
• MOT means engineering design and development,
manufacturing, or operations management
Over the last 20 to 30 years
• Management literature has shifted its technology
focus from R&D to new product development and
then to product enhancement.
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
16
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Scope of Management of Technology (MOT)
and Focus4
In more current times, it emphasis has been
gravitating toward
• Market development and
• E-commerce
MOT includes the
• Planning
• Organizing coordinating, and Integrating of all the
resources needed to achieve the enterprise-specific
goals and objectives
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
32
Scope of Management of Technology (MOT)
and Focus4
MOT vs. other established fields of organization
and management
• Special knowledge and skill requirements for
applying the technology, including organizing and
coordinating technology resources, and directing the
people involved with it.
MOT Definition – a broad sense
• The art and science of creating value by using
technology together with other resources of an
organization
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
17
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Scope of Management of Technology (MOT)
and Focus4
MOT should not be confined to
• R&D,
• Engineering, or
• Scientific work, but
Includes many other facets of the enterprise and
its environment
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Definition of Management of Technology
The National Research Council – National Academies.org,
1987, http://sites.nationalacademies.org/NRC/index.htm:
“Management of technology links engineering, science, and
management disciplines to plan, to develop, and to implement
technological capabilities to shape and accomplish the
strategic and operational goals of an organization.”
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine,
http://www.nationalacademies.org/about/index.html
18
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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A Formal Definition – MOT4
MOT involves• The management of engineering, natural science, and social
science
• Administrative science in planning, decision making,
development, and implementation of technology
• Operational processes, tools and techniques, and people who
make it all happen
• Guidance and leadership aim toward the development of
products and services
• Managing many interdisciplinary components and managing
their integration into a whole system
• Managing the system
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
36
A Formal Definition – MOT4
MOT focuses on
• The development of operational capabilities such as
manufacturing, distribution, and field services
MOT is influenced by
• Business strategy
• Organizational culture, and
• The business environment, and vice versa
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
19
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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All About Technology
Technology Development
Processes
• Identification of a specific
need
• Assessment
• Strategy, Funding, Plan,
etc.
• Design
• Prototyping
• Transfer (Intellectual
property)
• Commercialization
Production
Marketing
Sales
Distribution
Customer support
Maintenance
• User/customer/consumer
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Classification of Technology4
State-of-the Art
Technologies
• Technologies equal or
superior to competitive
offering
Proprietary
Technologies
• Technologies protected
by patents, and so forth
Known Technologies
• Technologies common to
many companies but
used uniquely
Core Technologies
• Technologies essential
for maintaining
competitive positions
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
20
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Classification of Technology4
Leveraging
Technologies
• Technologies that
support several products
or classes of products
Supporting
Technologies
• Technologies that
support core
technologies
Pacing Technologies
• Technologies that control
the product or service
development
Emerging Technologies
• Technologies under
consideration for future
application
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
40
Classification of Technology4
Scouting Technologies
• Technologies tracked for potential applications
Unknown Technologies
• Technologies currently unknown, but believed of
considerable benefits
4Han J. Thamhain, Management of Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
ISBN 978-0-471-41551-0, 2005
21
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Other Classifications of Technology
Sustaining Technology
• Improving on existing technologies, most often in
the areas of performance
• Compatible with existing standards and address
current market needs
• Examples: Microsoft Windows Operating Systems –
Personal Computers
Windows 3.0, 3.1
Windows 95, 98
Windows 2000, XP, Vista
Windows 7
Windows 8, 10
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Other Classifications of Technology (cont.)
Disruptive Technology
• Andy Grove, Intel co-founder, define its as “… a
time in the life of a business when its fundamentals
are about to change”
• The needs of the customer can no longer met
inside the current technology parameters
• Radical change at a system level with paradigm-
shifting innovations
• Huge positive impact on the economy, new
categories of products and services, new
companies and jobs
22
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Other Classifications of Technology (cont.)
Disruptive Technology – Examples
• Transistor-based devices
Battery-powered transistor radio introduced by Sony in 1950
Over time, the transistor radio became cheaper, smaller, and better quality of sound
• Integrated Circuits
Microprocessor (MOS-based) in 1970’s
Microcontrollers
Intel CPUs for PCs
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Other Classifications of Technology (cont.)
Disruptive Technology – Examples
• Personal Computer
Disruptive to
• The mini-computer industry (DEC, Wang
Computer)
• The companies making terminal connect
hardware
• Altered paradigm: a computer on every desk vs.
a computer in every office
• Storage Devices
Magnetic memory/RAM/DRAM
Floppy disk/Zip Disk/Flash Drive
23
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Other Classifications of Technology (cont.)
Disruptive Technology – Examples
• Internet & Mobile Technologies
Computer-computer communications
Collaboration, resource sharing
Information sharing/publishing
E-learning and education
Advertisement
Business automation
Internet and Cellular Communications
E-business/E-commerce
Social networking
Smartphone and Mobile Computing
Cloud computing
etc
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Other Classifications of Technology (cont.)
Specific Applications Aerospace Technology
Biological Technology
Business Technology
Computer Technology
Energy Technology
Information Technology
Material Technology
Military Technology
Medical Technology
Transportation Technology
Vehicular Technology
Nanotechnology
etc
24
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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The Coverage Topics of Management of
Technology Part I, “Integrating Technology and Strategy – A
General Management Perspective”
Part II, “Design and Implementation of Technology Strategy: An Evolutionary Perspective”
Part III, “Enactment of Technology Strategy –Developing a Firm’s Innovative Capabilities”
Part IV, “Enactment of Technology Strategy –Creating and Implementing a Development Strategy”
Part V, “Conclusion: Innovation Challenges in Established Firms”
CPET 575 Management of Technology -Lecture 1, by Prof. Paul I-Hai Lin
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Conclusion