CP2022

Multimedia Internet Communications - Lecture 4

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CP2022CP2022

INTERNETand

World Wide Web


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A simple view of the Internet

A network of networksWorld-wide inter-linked computers…

The Internet

Your computer


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What is the Internet ? Large collection of connected computers across

the world Linked networks and networks within

networks…… Began in 1970s - mainly US-based academic,

military and research networks Used mainly for research and knowledge sharing

purposes One aim was to establish a facility to enable

communication even in the event of a nuclear attack


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Evolution of the Internet

Internet = email, file transfer, newsgroups, and hypertext transfer (WWW)

Over recent years the size and scope of the Internet network(s) have almost ‘exploded’

World-wide group of users of millions …. And still growing

Redesign/restructuring is an issue - to cope with this phenomenal growth and the increasing use of multimedia.


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What Services are Offered ? Email The World Wide Web based on the

hyper-text transfer protocol (http) Millions of sites for a range of

subjects/interests File transfer Discusssion forums, instant messaging,

online services (e.g. library renewals) Streaming multimedia


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EMAIL - advantages

Speed (especially long distance) Reduction in paperwork (for memos) Messages/documents transmitted +

received when convenient Permanent record of dialogue Direct access can be a ‘social leveller’


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EMAIL - disadvantages Junk mail /Spam Face - face dialogue has the edge Systems fail! Delays in receipt can be

unpredictable and excessive Access constraints (to hardware)

can be limiting


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How do you access the World-Wide Web? Uses a computer program called a browser

Microsoft Internet Explorer Netscape navigator Others

Give the name of the computer you want to access and the location of the file ! (URL)

e.ghttp://www.scit.wlv.ac.uk/~cm1950/CP2022/images/bridge.JPG

Or use the mouse to click on links Or use bookmarks to return to frequently visited

sites


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What is on the Web ?

Academic Publications and Research/reference information

Non-academic information (e.g. on football teams, celebrities etc.)

Services such as shopping, buying books and software, renewing library books, etc.

Scope of use is widening - video broadcasting, remote directed surgery, interactive entertainment, etc.


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How do you find useful information?

There are millions of documents on the web to search through ! Luckily there are tools to help.

Try using a Search ‘Engine’. For example, Google, Alta Vista,

An example web page:- http://www.andysloane.info/


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Internet communication

TCP/IP is used to communicate packets of information between users and other parts/users of the Internet.

Permanent connections High data rate links at universities Broadband connections Dial-up access via telephone/ISDN lines

Individuals can access through ISPs (Internet service providers) or other

establishments (e.g.university)


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Some predictions (1998) A U.S. survey predicted by 2002:

PCs = net access in 47 m homes TV based = 12.7 m homes Screen phones = 2.6m homes

Now - 250m Internet users in the North America http://www.internetworldstats.com

PC-centric Net and TV-centric Net (web-TV) ‘intelligent’ software used on shopping web

sites keeps track of users’ preferences and interests leads to ability to suggest products etc.


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Internet usage in the EU

EU country Population (2006 Est.)

Internet Users Penetration % Use %in EU Growth 2000-5Austria 8,188,806 4,650,000 56.8 % 2.0 % 121.4 %Belgium 10,481,831 5,100,000 48.7 % 2.2 % 155.0 %Cyprus 961,154 298,000 31.0 % 0.1 % 148.3 %Czech Republic 10,211,609 4,800,000 47.0 % 2.1 % 380.0 %Denmark 5,425,373 3,762,500 69.4 % 1.6 % 92.9 %Estonia 1,339,157 670,000 50.0 % 0.3 % 82.8 %Finland 5,260,970 3,286,000 62.5 % 1.4 % 70.5 %France 61,004,840 26,214,174 43.0 % 11.4 % 208.4 %Germany 82,515,988 48,722,055 59.0 % 21.2 % 103.0 %Greece 11,275,420 3,800,000 33.7 % 1.7 % 280.0 %Hungary 10,060,684 3,050,000 30.3 % 1.3 % 326.6 %Ireland 4,065,631 2,060,000 50.7 % 0.9 % 162.8 %Italy 59,115,261 28,870,000 48.8 % 12.5 % 118.7 %Latvia 2,293,246 810,000 35.3 % 0.4 % 440.0 %Lithuania 3,416,941 968,000 28.3 % 0.4 % 330.2 %Luxembourg 459,393 270,800 58.9 % 0.1 % 170.8 %Malta 385,308 301,000 78.1 % 0.1 % 652.5 %Netherlands 16,386,216 10,806,328 65.9 % 4.7 % 177.1 %Poland 38,115,814 10,600,000 27.8 % 4.6 % 278.6 %Portugal 10,501,051 6,090,000 58.0 % 2.6 % 143.6 %Slovakia 5,379,455 2,276,000 42.3 % 1.0 % 250.2 %Slovenia 1,959,872 950,000 48.5 % 0.4 % 216.7 %Spain 44,351,186 17,142,198 38.7 % 7.1 % 218.2 %Sweden 9,076,757 6,800,000 74.9 % 3.0 % 68.0 %United Kingdom 60,139,274 37,800,000 62.9 % 16.4 % 145.5 %European Union 462,371,237 230,097,055 49.8 % 100.0 % 147.0 %


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More snippets …..

Trend for commercial web sites to look for ‘value added’ content to attract and retain interest (discussion forums)

Fastest growing groups of web users - under 18s and over 55s

Average web users surfs for 1-2 hours/day


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And more snippets ….

Users’ online time (survey):- Entertainment sites = 14% Education = 1% Communications 1/4%

84% regularly use E-Mail 40% visit chat rooms/discussion forums Internet2 - the ‘next generation’

internet will be up to 1,000 times faster (over next few years)


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Summary The Internet is now a primary means of

communication It isn’t designed for multimedia Now difficult to work without email Web browsing is both work and leisure

activity The Internet is being developed for

greater speed and better access to information

CP2022

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