CP CLASS TEST ONE NOTES
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Transcript of CP CLASS TEST ONE NOTES
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CP CLASSTEST ONE NOTES
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz3d5x-MUT4&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=3&feature=plcp
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A. Describe the development of Mesopotamian society including
religious, cultural, economic, and political facets of society including
Hammurabi’s law code.
B. Describe the relationship of religion and political authority in
Ancient Egypt.
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D. Identifying early trading networks and writing systems
existent in the Eastern Mediterranean including those
of the Phoenicians.
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E. Explain the development and importance of writing
including cuneiform, hieroglyphics, and the Phoenician alphabet.
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How did the Indo-European tribes change our world today?
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INDO-EUROPEANS
Nomadic people from the steppes Dry grasslands N of Caucus Mountains
between Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Pastoral – cattle, goats, sheep, horses Chariots
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TribesLanguages we call Indo-
Europeanmodern languages of Europe,
SW Asia, S Asia – English, Spanish, Hindi, Persian
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Tell where each tribe settled by languages spoken in those
areas.Some Slavic speakers moved N
& WCeltic, Germanic, and Italic
tribes moved through Europe.
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Greek & Persian tribes moved South.
Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush entered India.
SanskritNo one knows why these groups left the steppes.
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Grazing lands were drying up.Over-populatedFleeing invadersFleeing diseaseTower of Babel
Whatever the reason migrated out in all directions.
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HITTITE EMPIRE
2,000 BC Hittites occupied Anatolia (Asia Minor – Turkey)
Peninsula in Black Sea and Med Sea Capital – Hattusas Spoke own language & Babylonian. Conquered the Babylonians and liked
parts of their culture (cultural diffusion)
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Adopted Babylonian arts, literature, language, and politics
Hittites excelled at war.Conquered an Egyptian army.
Chariots of ironEasy to maneuverPulled by 4 horses
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ARYANS 1,500 BC Aryans crossed the NW
mountain passes – Hindu Kush Entered Indus Valley of India Most of our knowledge of this culture
comes from Vedas. Sacred literature Four collections of scripture, prayers,
magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals.
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Most important is the Rig Veda1,028 hymns devoted to Aryan
gods.No written languagePassed along orally
strict about accuracy!Mistakes received strict
consequences
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First arrived in Indus valley3 social classes
Priests – BrahminsWarriorsPeasants
Class determined role in society.
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As they conquered new lands acquired captives/slaves
4th social class – all non-Aryans (Shudrus)
As this class grew class restrictions became more strict.
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Shudrus did the work the Aryans did not want to do.
Varna (skin color) became a distinguishing feature of this
system4 social classes became known
as the Varnas.
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Stayed in social class entire life. Born into it. Could not improve
your social class.Later in 15th century explorers
from Portugal came across this area and the social classes and called them the caste system.
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Thur8/8/13
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EQ:How did the Phoenicians affect
our modern world?
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World History Standard 1The student will analyze the
origins, structures and interactions of complex societies
in the ancient Eastern Mediterranean from 3500 BCE to
500 BCE.
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MINOANS
Powerful seafaring people. Thalassocracy Dominated trade in the eastern Med. Sea. 2,000 BC – 1,400 BC Lived on Crete Produced finest pottery of the era. Traded pottery, swords, figurines, precious
metals.
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Also exported art and culture (cultural diffusion)
Big influence on the Greeks!Capital- Knosses
Ruled by King Minos
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Legend King Minos kept a ½ human ½ bull monster called
the Minotaur.Locked in a labyrinth or maze.
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Minoans loved sports. Boxing, wrestling, bull-leaping
Women had higher rank in Minoan culture than in surrounding cultures.
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Polytheistic
sacrificed bulls to their gods and possibly humans
Minoan culture ended about 1200 BC and we are not sure why.
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Theories:
Natural disaster (earthquake/tsunami) or Volcano
Over-populated
invaders
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PHOENICIANS 1100 BC became most powerful traders in
the Med. Sea. Area now called Palestine
Lebanon
Never united into a country – instead began a number of city-states around the Med. Sea which competed with each other for trade.
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Some of the major city-states were Byblos, Tyre and Sidon.
All were trading centers.
Great ship-builders and seafarers.
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1st Med. People to explore past the Strait of Gibraltar.
Explored as far out as Britain, around Africa and Red Sea.
Colonies along coasts of Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain. Greatest was
Carthage – North Africa.
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Carthage was founded by Tyre in 725 BC.
It was known for its slave trade, precious metals, and ivory.
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Known for their purple dye made of Murex snails.
60,000 snails to make one pound of dye.
Also made papyrus.
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Phoenicians were merchants so they needed a system of writing.
Theirs used symbols to represent sounds.
Sounds were called phonetic.
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One sign used for one sound.
The word alphabet comes from two Phoenician
letters: aleph & beth.
Adopted by the Greeks.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jz3d5x-MUT4&list=UUAiABuhVSMZJMqyv4Ur5XqA&index=3&feature=plcp
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Fri8/9/13
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C. Explain the development of monotheism including the
concepts developed by the ancient Hebrews and
Zoroastrianism.
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Zoroastrianism founded by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster in
Greek) 6,000 BCE Oldest of the world religions Persia – Iran monotheism
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Zoroaster - Ahura Mazda the one uncreated creator of all
(God).
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An evil spirit of violence and death, Angra Mainyu, who
opposes Ahura Mazda.
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The Zorastrian holy book is called the Avesta
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What led to the change from polytheism to monotheism?
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HEBREWS
Greatest influence on their own time and our history (Jews)
Bible – Hebrew nation began with Abraham.
Lived in Sumer Led by God to travel to Canaan Crossed Syrian Desert to borders of
Palestine.
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Then crossed isthmus of Suez into Egypt.
Settled in Land of Goshen – east region where Nile flows
into the Med. Sea.
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Lived peacefully in Egypt for 100’s of years.
As population grew Egyptians decided to make them into
slaves.
Moses led them out of Egypt
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Crossed Sinai PeninsulaSome Hebrews had been
influenced by Egyptians – idolsMt Sinai – ten commandments –
moral lawsYahweh or Jehovah
monotheistic
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GREECE Med. Sea – Greece, Asia Minor,
surrounding islands. One of greatest civilizations in history Citizens might govern themselves Modern scientific thought/method Art, literature, philosophy, sculpture Idea of perfect human shape Plato & Aristotle
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GREECE GAVE THE MODERN WORLD:
Trial by Jury Greek Myths Democracy Tragedy & Comedy Theatre Olympics
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History is always influenced by geography.
Med. SeaWorld’s largest inland sea.
3 continents1. Not a river civilization
few rivers/small amount of farm land
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Could not grow enough crops to feed population
Became traders to survive.Sailors, fish, colonized
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2. Greece not a nation. Group of city-states.
Isolated from each other by mountains, travel by ship.Greek word for city-state is
polis.
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All Greek city-states had these features in common:
Small in size – Athens 1,000 square miles Sparta – 4,000 square miles 357.6 square miles
Small population – 5,000-10,000 (men only) Gordon County 55,186 (2010 Census)
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1. Finish Shield Project – include list of what symbols, colors mean. Put in box 3. 2. Get textbook and define
terms chapters 6 & 7
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxOANJ-sSu0&feature=related
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Stood on a hill (acropolis)public meeting place – city
market - agora
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Greek city-states never united. Had a variety of governments.
From 1,000-700 BC little is known of the Greeks.
Age of Kingswarfare, little trade
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For a long time the Greek city-states were ruled by Tyrants or
powerful kings.
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Mon 8/12
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Terms chapters 6 & 7 due Tue Current Event (Europe) due Thur
Terms Quiz chap 6 & 7 Friday.
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EQ – How did the Greeks affect our modern world?
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Greek culture was not advanced and few people could read or
write.Bards – folk songs, ballads, epics (stories of hero’s and
great events).
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Around 700 BC much of the oral history was gathered together
and put into 2 great epics.Iliad & the Odyssey
written by a blind poet named Homer.
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Aesop’s Fables written by Aesop an ancient Greek.
Period of Greek history called Homeric Age.
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Epics talk about the Trojan War and Odysseus trip home after
the Trojan War.
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Greeks all spoke the same language.
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Polytheisticgods had human desires, but
were more powerful than humans and immortal.
Will go to Hades.
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Greek gods lived on Mt Olympus.
To explain their world the Greeks developed myths –
traditional stories about deeds and misdeeds
of gods.
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Zeus – god of the sky & King of gods.
Hera – wife/sister of Zeus protector of women & marriagePoseidon – brother of Zeus god
of the ocean (sailors)Hades – brother of Zeus god of
Hades or underworld
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Athena – daughter of Zeus goddess of wisdom and womanly virtue Special
protector of city-state AthensApollo – god of light and music
and poetry symbol of manly beauty
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The Greeks held athletic contests to honor their gods. The most famous were the
games held at Olympia in honor of Zeus.
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Greek Men
Ran the government Most of time away from home Business Leisure activities
Horse-back riding Hunting/fishing Sailing Olympics
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Greek Women
Ran the home! In most city-states had limited freedom
outside the home Had slaves to do most of the labor Not allowed to go to Olympic games
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Terms chap 6 & 7 due tomorrowHeading chapter 6 (15)
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
In what ways was Sparta different from other Greek city-states?
Tue 8/13/13
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Greek children
You were considered a youth until the age of 30!!
Baby girl – decorated doorway with wreath of wool
Baby boy – decorated doorway with wreath of olive branches.
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Most Greek girls did NOT go to school.
Stayed at home and learned from mother how to run a
household.
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Greek boys spent days hunting and fishing until the
age of 6 or 7. Then they began school.
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Greek Slaves
Very important part of Greek culture. Could become a slave by being captured Sold into slavery Abandoned as a child Did ALL of the work Could not go to school
If already educated could be a tutor
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLyW5UYPYYs
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjozP5DrtDU&feature=related
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SPARTA
One of the most important Greek city-states
3 social classes Citizens of Sparta – descendent of original
founder – land divided equally Neighbors – immigrants – free, owned
business, never citizens
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3rd group – serfs or peasants. Called Helots – basically slaves. Were not allowed to move freely.
Bound to the land.
Outnumbered citizens and Neighbors 5-1!!
Treated harshly
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Government – Sparta’s law were set up by
Lycurgus.
Had an Assembly – all citizens over 30. Elected the officials
and voted on policies.
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Council of Elders – 2 kings & 28 elders. All elders had to be over
60. They proposed laws on which the Assembly voted.
2 Kings also High Priests, judges and commanders of the
army.
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5 Ephors – sort of like our Supreme Court. Elected by
Assembly. Guardians of the law and served for one year.
Lives of all Spartan citizens were regulated at birth.
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The purpose of Education was to produce a well-drilled, well-
disciplined army.
Spartans believed in simplicity. Loyal to the state.
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All citizens:
Got an equal share of land. Did not need money. Needs were
provided. Loyal to the city-state Fought in the army. Believed babies had to be in perfect
shape.
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Spartan boys Sent to school at age 6 or 7. Lived, trained in barracks. Survival skills How to fight Endure pain, hunger Not fed well, beaten, marched without
shoes, Brutal training period.
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18-20 Spartan males had to pass a difficult fitness test,
military ability, and leadership skills.
Failed – Perioikos (middle class) just above a slave. Own Property, business, no rights.
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Passed fitness tests – full citizen and soldier.
Still lived in barracks.
Soldier until 60.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx8BrJIWqMo&feature=related
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Terms chap 6 & 7 – keep these
Headings Chap 6 (20) – put in box
Current Event due tomorrow (Europe)
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Wed8/14/13
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Sparta teacher conference
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEItBM1dc9o
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EQ – What made Athens a leader among the Greek city-
states?
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Spartan girls
School at age 6-7 Lived and trained in barracks Not quite as rugged, but intense. Gymnastics, wrestling, combat skills Produce strong babies 18 fitness test Perioikos
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Passed fitness test – free to move around city.
Assigned a husband.
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Sparta did not have:
Works of art Literature Architecture But they did have a terrifying army
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ATHENS
Birthplace of democracy Early history ruled by tyrants Ostracism Solon wrote laws of Athens Place of great culture Philosophers – Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
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3 social classes
Citizens Aliens – Metics Slaves 4 rulers
Draco Solon Pisistratus Cleisthenes
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Home of the Greek fleetestablished colonies along the
Med. Sea.Aegean Sea, Black Sea,
Adriatic Seabrought attention to their
civilization
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In 546 BC the Greeks living on the western shore of Asia Minor
were conquered by the Persians.
In 499 BC these Greeks revolted against Persian rule.
Athens helped them revolt.
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Since Athens had aided the Greeks in Asia Minor Darius I
decided to attack Greece.
His first attempt was in 492 BC, but it failed. Hurricane –
300 ships ; 20,000
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The revolt lasted until 479 BC. In the end Persia won.
Began the Persian Wars.
Persians were led by Darius I.
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2nd attempt was in 490 BC. Plains of Marathon.
Earth & water - submission Herodotus said Greeks
outnumbered 10-1 600 ships
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Same language defending homes
phalanx – 8/4 deep
Greeks win again.
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Pheidippides
26 miles – 385 yards
Darius I makes plans for full scale attack.
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DRACO
Ruled in 612 BC Code of laws that were harsh were written down Life hard on poor Poor began to demand rights
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SOLON
Ruled in 594 BC Mediated between debtors and creditors Cancelled debts Law no longer sold into slavery to pay off
debts
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PISISTRATUS
Ruled in 560 BC – 527 BC Relative of Solon Became a tyrant Exiled nobles who disagreed with him. Lands were seized and divided among the
peasants
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CLEISTHENES
Came to power in 510 BC Gained power after civil war Began democratic system of government
Solon’s Idea Opposed class division Divided Athens into 10 tribes – geography Lowered voting age 20
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Tue 2/5
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Prc1UfuokY
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ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?
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In 480 BC Darius I has died (484 BC) and his son Xerxes is King.
Leads that vast fleet to attack Greece. 500,000 men
Herodotus – drink river
Northern Greece - Narrow mountain pass - Thermopylae
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Spartan King Leonidas worked out a deal with the admiral of
the Athenian navy Thermistocles.
Xerxes’ had spies.
Arrived during Greek religious holiday – Carneia
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Sparta’s Ephors refused to allow the Spartan army to travel during the religious holiday
300 bodyguards
Suicide mission – hold off attack
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Began moving north. Picked up allies (7,000 soldiers)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI6sARmxEuc
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rebuilt a wall across valley Phoenicians had used earlier for
defense
Persians amused
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Size of Xerxes army took 5 days for the back of the army to reach the
front.
Spies saw Spartans doing gymnastics, combing their hair, and
oiling their bodies.
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Persians told Greeks to surrender.
Herodotus – arrows, sun
Mid August 480 BC 1st battle – Xerxes sent Medes –
mercenaries
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Spartans defeated first wave with their swords, then acted like they were fleeing. When
Medes charged they were bunched and Spartans pushed
them off the cliff!
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Xerxes sent a 2nd group of mercenaries Cissians next. They were defeated just as
easily. 3 times that day Xerxes jumped up in fear that the
Spartans would destroy his army.
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Next day Xerxes sent word Spartans could go free.
“Molon labe” – come and take us
Immortals – 10,000
Brother - Hydarnes
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzqPxkDPfrw
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Strong, disciplined soldiers, Spartans weapons were better.
Spartans defeat Immortals and kill Hydarnes.
Persians demoralized
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A traitor, Ephialtes, told Xerxes about a goat path around the
valley.
He sent 10,000 more troops to get behind the Spartans.
Greeks heard them coming and Leonidas sends other Greeks
home to fight another day.
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Many of the 300 dead/wounded by now, but rest refuse to leave.
Older – warrior, not messenger
lost eyes – lead to fight
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On the 3rd day the Spartans attacked the Persians with the
intent to do as much damage as possible.
Leonidis killed – retrieve body
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Xerxes lines valley walls with archers and kills all remaining
Spartans.
Leonidas’ body beheaded
20,000 Persians killed
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Headings Chap 6 (20) – put in box
Timeline (25 events) chaps 6 & 7 in box
Terms chap 8 & 9 by Tuesday
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Terms chap 4 & 5 due Tuesdaywww.classzone.com
Due Today – put in box:Headings Chap 2 (20) Heading Chap 3 (20)
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1. Terms 8 & 9 due Tue.2. Current Event due Thur. –
make-ups3. Test One Thur.
4. Terms Quiz 8 & 9 Fri.
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Monday 8/19/13
What was the significance of the Battle of Thermopylae?
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Persians marched to Athens. Themistocles evacuates city.
Days later Greek navy tricks Xerxes and defeats Persian
navy
Persians go home.
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Athens took credit for defeating Persians.
Sparta considered attacking Persia but afraid of slave revolt
Delian League – 140 city-states
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Athenian leader Pericles
Used power to make Athens strong and weaken Corinth.
Peloponnesus – Peloponnesian War 431 – 404.
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Sparta will eventually win, but Greece will be weakened.
Macedonia nation to north
Ruler Phillip – captive in youth held in Greece admired culture
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Took advantage of Peloponnesian War and
invaded Greece.
Greeks did not like being ruled.
Phillip planned to attack Persia
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Before he could he was assassinated.
Succeeded in 336 BC by 20 year old son
Alexander
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TEST ONE
Thur. 8/22/13