Covert heterogeneity in the Done My Homework construc0on · Covert heterogeneity in the Done My...
Transcript of Covert heterogeneity in the Done My Homework construc0on · Covert heterogeneity in the Done My...
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CovertheterogeneityintheDoneMyHomeworkconstruc0on
AlisonBiggs&MeredithTammingaUniversityofPennsylvania
NWAV45–Nov.6,2016
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Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?
• Nonstandardconstruc0onwithdisputedsyntac0canalysis
• Pilotdatafromacceptabilityjudgmentsurveyusingdiagnos0csfromtheliterature
• Appearanceofcovertheterogeneity:differentspeakershavedifferentgramma0calanalysesforDMH
• Alsoneedforaddi0onaldiagnos0cs
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Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?
• AUestedinCanada,Philadelphia,Vermont
BE Par0cipialofDONE,FINISHorSTART
DPcomplement
I am myhomework.donefinishedstarted
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Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?• I[Copulaamdone[PP[withNULL]myhomework]].– Preposi0onWITHvariablyrealizedNULL
• I[Perfectam[VPdonemyhomework]].(=Ihavedone…)– HAVEperfectrealizedasBEbysomespeakers
(Yerastov2012)
• I[Copulaam[AdjPdonemyhomework]]. – Sta0veconstruc0on,‘adjec0valpassive’
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
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Alargeracceptabilitysurvey
• Previousanalysesusedifferenttypesofdata– smallnumberofconsultants(Fruehwald&Myler2015,
Yerastov2012)or…– corpusdata(Yerastov2012)
• Goalistocollectdatathatis:1. morebroadlyrepresenta0veofspeechcommunity,
butalso…2. s0llabletoprobeinfrequentgramma0cal
diagnos0cs• Experimentalsyntax(Sprouse&Almeida2012)
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Alargeracceptabilitystudy
• Qualtricsonlinesurveycompletedby38Philadelphiansand48Canadians
• Likertscalefrom1(bad)to7(good)ra0ngfor3baselinesentencesand55othersentences
• Excluded7par0cipantswhoratedanyoftheungramma0calprac0ceitemsas3orhigher
• Excluded23Philadelphiansand5Canadianswhogrewupinadifferentdialectregion
• Collectedbasicdemographicinfoatend
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Adjec0valpassivevsHAVE-perfect
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Degreemodifierall
I’mallreadyforschool. Ihavealldonemyhomework.
I’malldonemyhomework.
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
?*
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Reducedrela0ves
Wouldallthestudentswhoarereadytowrite apaperpleasestandup? Wouldallthestudentswhohaveeatentheir vegetablespleasestandup?
Wouldallthestudentsdonetheirhomework pleasestandup?
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
?
*
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Applica0vecomplements
Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,and…
I’mreadyyouascarf I’vefinishedyouascarf.
I’mfinishedyouascarf.
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
?
√*
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Passiviza0on
Johnisbeenready(forhalfanhour). Myhomeworkhasbeendone.
Myhomeworkisbeendone.
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
*
?
√
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• AspeakerwhotreatsDMHasanadjec0valpassiveshould:– acceptdegreemodifica0onandreducedrela0ves– rejectapplica0vecomplementsandpassiviza0on
• AspeakerwhotreatsDMHasaHAVE-perfectshould:– rejectdegreemodifica0onandreducedrela0ves– acceptapplica0vecomplementsandpassiviza0on
AdjPass=degreemodifica0on+reducedrela0vesHavePerf=applica0vecomplements+passiviza0on
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NullWITHdiagnos0cs
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PPCoordina0on
Sarahis[NPateacher]and[PPwithherhusband].Sarahhaseaten[NPabowlofpopcorn]and[PPwithherhusband].Sarahis[PPonthebridge]and[PPwithherhusband].Iamdone[?Pmybeer]and[PPwithmyfries].
**
?(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
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Telicentailment
• WITHiscontribu0nginstrumentalseman0cs• Johnisdonewiththecomputer.– Atelicreading:Usingthecomputer– Telicreading:Buildingthecomputer
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
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Telicentailment
Johnwillonlydrinkdecaffortherestofhislife…Hehasfinishedcaffeine.Heisfinishedwithcaffeine.Heisfinishedcaffeine.
*
?
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
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Diagnos0cssummary
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
Diagnos0c HavePerf AdjPass NullWithApplica0vecomp √ *
Passiviza0on √ *
Degreemodifier * √Reducedrela0ve * √PPcoordina0on * * √Telicentailment * * √
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Acceptabilitysurveyresults
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Lexicalitemacceptance
• DONEslightlybeUerthanFINISHEDbutbothratedhighly• STARTEDwidelyrejectedinbothdialects
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Canada (N=43) Philly (N=15)
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done finished started done finished started
Rat
ing
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Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitemCanada Philly
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Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith
Rating
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Canada Philly●
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Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith
Rating
Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
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Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
• StrongacceptanceofAdjPasssentences;strongrejec0onofHavePerfsentences
• SupportsFruehwald&Myler’s2015claimthatDMHisnotaperfect(contraYerastov2012)
• ButwhataboutNullWithdiagnos0cs?
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Canada Philly●
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Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith
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Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
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Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
• NullWithdiagnos0csareinbetween–beUerthanHavePerf,butworsethanAdjPass
• Whatisthesourceofthesemiddlingra0ngs?– Mixofhighandlow,orconsistentlymedium?
• Breakdowndiagnos0cra0ngsbyindividual,combiningPhillyandCanada
• Iden0fy3majortypesofspeakerresponses
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Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
RejectNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type1speakers(N=15)-DONE
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Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
AcceptNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type2speakers(N=11)-DONE
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Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
???NullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type3speakers(N=20)-DONE
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Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
RejectNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type1speakers(N=13)-FINISHED
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
AcceptNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type2speakers(N=7)-FINISHED
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Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
???NullWith
RejectHavePerf
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Baseline
AdjPass
HavePerf
NullWith
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Covertheterogeneity:inter-speakerdifferencesingramma0calanalysisofasyntac0cconstruc0on
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Baseline
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HavePerf
NullWith
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Confound
Covertheterogeneity:inter-speakerdifferencesingramma0calanalysisofasyntac0cconstruc0on
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DegradedNullWithresults
Coordina0on:I’mdonemydrinkandwithmyfries.– Coordina0ngreducedandovertPisnotgreat– ??Ihadapicture’vmybabiesandofmydogs.
Telicentailment:Johnwillonlydrinkdecaffortherestofhis life–he’sfinishedcaffeine.– Subtle,context-dependentdiagnos0c
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Theremainingpuzzle
• ButwhydospeakerswhoacceptNullWithdiagnos0csalsoacceptAdjPassdiagnos0cs?
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Diagnos0cssummary
Diagnos0c HavePerf AdjPass NullWithApplica0vecomp √ *
Passiviza0on √ *
Degreemodifier * √Reducedrela0ve * √PPcoordina0on * * √Telicentailment * * √
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
??
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AdjPassdiagnos0csonovertwith
• Degreemodifica0on:I’malldonewithmyhomework.
• Reducedrela0ves:Wouldallthestudentsfinishedwiththeirpaperspleasestandup?
√
√
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HavePerfdiagnos0csonovertwith
• Applica0vecomplements:*Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing, andI’vefinishedwithyouascarf.
• Passiviza0on:*Myhomeworkhasbeendonewith.
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Diagnos0cssummaryrevised
Diagnos0c HavePerf AdjPass NullWithApplica0vecomp √ * *Passiviza0on √ * *Degreemodifier * √ √Reducedrela0ve * √ √PPcoordina0on * * √Telicentailment * * √
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Theremainingpuzzle
• WhatFruehwald&Mylercallanadjec0valpassiveisakindofsta0veconstruc0on
• Nullwithconstruc0onisalsoakindofsta0ve• Thediagnos0cswe’veusedfromFruehwald&Mylerarediagnos0csmeanttoruleouthave-perfect(incontrasttoasta0ve)
• Thesediagnos0csdon’tdis0nguishbetweendifferenttypesofsta0ves
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Theremainingpuzzle
• CurrentlyimprovingNullWithdiagnos0cs• Wethinkthatwewillfind:– FewerType3individuals– MoreType2individuals– Con0nuedexistenceofType1individuals
• Inotherwords,wepredicttwo-waycovertheterogeneity
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Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?
• Nowidespreadevidenceforitbeingaperfect• SomepeopleshowtheacceptabilityjudgmentpaUernsthatFruehwald&Myler2015predict
• NullWithanalysisismoreviablethanreflectedintheliterature
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Conclusions
• Themajorityofindividualsgivesystema0cjudgmentsbutnotallindividualsgivetheSAMEsystema0cjudgments
• Kim&Han(inpress):interspeakersplitbetweentwodifferentkindsofpronominalkuinKorean
• Han,Musolino&Lidz(2016):interspeakersplitbetweenverb-raisinggrammarandnon-verb-raisinggrammarinKorean
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Conclusions
• “thesourceofthevaria0onistheinputdatatochildlearnersofKoreanthatprovideliUleevidencetoaidthemtochooseonegrammarovertheother”–Kim&Han(inpress,370)
• SameforDoneMyHomework• Onlyoneunambiguousinstancein126conversa0onaltranscriptsfromPhiladelphia,andit’sinbaseform
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Conclusions
• Studiesofnaturalis0csyntac0cvaria0onshouldbeawarethatsurfaceformsmighthavedifferentunderlyingformsandindividualscandiffersystema0cally
• Acceptabilityjudgmentsfromsingleindividualsmaynotrepresentthefullrangeofgramma0calstructuresinthecommunity
• Theremaybemorevaria0onbeneaththesurfacethanweknow
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Thankyou!
Contactus:AlisonBiggs [email protected] [email protected]
ThankstoElishaCooperforherassistance.
LanguageVaria0onandCogni0onLabhUp://web.sas.upenn.edu/tamminga-lab
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AdjPassonly
AdjPassgood,
NullWithmedium
AdjPassgood,NullP&HavePerfmedium
Rejectbase Other
AdjPassonly 7 5 0 0 1
AdjPassgood,NullWithmedium 7 16 0 0 1
AdjPassgood,NullP&HavePerfmedium 0 4 4 0 1
Rejectbaseline 0 3 1 1 1
Other 1 3 0 1 1
FINISHE
DDONE
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Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
Highstructure:Johnis…
PERFECT STATIVE
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
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Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
Highstructure:Johnis…
PERFECT STATIVE
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
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Lowstructure:… donehishomework
STATIVE2:NULLPREPOSITION
vP
DONE PP
PNULL
WITH
DP
his homework
(5) Structure of (??)
VoiceP
Voice[-Ag] vP
v XP
DP
John
X
X AP
sick
(6) Structure of (??)
VoiceP
DP
the rotten food
Voice
Voice[+Ag] vP
v XP
DP
John
X
X AP
sick
(7) Passive Substructure
2
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
xP
DONE vPcoercion
v
NULL
pWRITE v
DP
his homework
(4) Stative 2: John is done WITH his homework.
1
STATIVE1:???
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Alargeracceptabilitysurvey
• Threebaselinesentences:– I’mnotdonemychoresyet.– I’mfinishedmybeer.– I’mstartedthehousework.
• 4prac0ceitems(3ungramma0cal)– Thewasinsultedwaitressfrequently.– Promisetowash,Nealdidthecar.– Theremightmiceseemtobeinthecupboard.
• 2“sanitycheck”sentenceswithfinishedandstartednotinDMHconstruc0on
]
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AsadaUemptatcorpusdata
• Noterarityoftheseconstruc0onsinconversa0onalspeech– Onlyoneunambiguousinstancein126conversa0onaltranscriptsfromPhiladelphia
– “I’malwaysfinishedmyworkfirst”PNC,PH85-2-3
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Alargeracceptabilitysurvey
• 13addi0onalsentencesperlexicalitem,ofwhich6arecri0caldiagnos0cs(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
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Applica0vecomplementsentences
• Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,andI’mdoneyouacardigan.
• Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,andI’mfinishedyouahat.
• Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,andI’mstartedyouasweater.
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Passivesentences
• Myhomeworkisbeendone.• Mypizzaisbeenfinished.• Thattaskisbeenstarted.
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Degreemodifica0onsentences
• I’malldonemyproject.• I’mallfinishedmycoffee.• I’mallstartedtheassignment.
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Reducedrela0vesentences
• Wouldallthestudentsdonetheirassignmentspleasestepforward?
• Wouldallthestudentsfinishedtheirexampleasestepforward?
• Wouldallthechildreneatentheirvegetablespleasestandup?
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Coordina0onsentences
• I’mdonemysandwichandwithmydrink.• I’mfinishedmypizzaandwithmybeer.• I’mstartedmypizzaandwithmyonionrings.
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Telicentailmentsentences
• MyiPhonebrokesoI’mgernganAndroid.I’mdoneApple!
• I’monlydrinkingherbalteafromnowon.I’mfinishedcaffeine!
• Ican’tbelievehechangedtheassignment.I’malreadystartedmyassignment!