1. Understanding Safety May 14-16, 2012

2. Mark G. Gardner Avatar, Inc. 3. Syllabus 3 Safety & Risk 4. Syllabus 4 Safety & Risk Accidents & Why People Have Them 5. Syllabus 5 Safety & Risk Accidents & Why People Have Them Human Behavior 6. Syllabus 6 Safety & Risk Accidents & Why People Have Them Human Behavior Risk Mitigation Strategies 7. What is Safety? 7 8. What is Safety? Safety is: Freedom from Risk. 8 9. What is Safety? Safety is: Freedom from Risk. The best we can do is manage and control risk. 9 10. The formula 11. The Risk Management Formula 12. The Risk Management Formula 13. The Risk Management Formula 14. The Risk Management Formula 15. The Risk Management Formula 16. Accidents & Why People Have Them Ouch! 17. An accident is: 18. An unplanned event, that disrupts activity, that affects people An accident is: 19. An unplanned event, that disrupts activity, that affects people, that is caused. An accident is: 20. Does this meet the definition? 21. Does this meet the definition? 22. Does this meet the definition? An unplanned event, that disrupts activity, that affects people and; that is caused. 23. Does this meet the definition? 24. Does this meet the definition? 25. Does this meet the definition? An unplanned event, that disrupts activity, that affects people, that is caused 26. Accidents are mistakes People make mistakes 27. People fail to pay attention People exceed their performance capabilities People engage in unsafe behavior patterns Three mistakes people make 28. People fail to pay attention People exceed their performance capabilities People engage in unsafe behavior patterns Three mistakes people make But why do all people make these mistakes? 29. Behaviorism Humanism CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) Two approaches to human behavior CAN DO WILL DO 30. Behaviorism 31. Behaviorism Why did Sue go to the mall? CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 32. Behaviorism Enjoy rewards Friends & fun Cigarettes Boys & intimacy Defy mom Interesting conversations CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 33. Enjoy rewards Friends & fun Cigarettes Boys & intimacy Defy mom Interesting conversations Avoid punishments Staying home Boredom Loneliness Low self-esteem Outcast from group CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 34. Behaviorism 35. Behaviorism Why did Bill go to the bar? CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 36. Enjoy rewards Beer Music Jokes and laughter Friendship Interesting conversations 37. Enjoy rewards Beer Music Jokes and laughter Friendship Interesting conversations Avoid punishments Shopping Boredom Nagging Spending money Doing good for M.I.L. 38. Behaviorism BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 39. Behaviorism CONSEQUENCE (Reward) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 40. So, we behave in ways that get us rewards Behaviorism FPO - accident 41. But accidents dont provide rewards so whats the connection? Behaviorism FPO - accident 42. Behaviorism CONSEQUENCE (Reward) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) We dont always achieve our intended consequence! 43. Behaviorism & Accidents We get so focused on the reward, we dont even imagine other possible (negative) outcomes. CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 44. Unsafe Driving Behaviors Behavior Speeding Expected Reward Get there on time 45. Unsafe Driving Behaviors Behavior Speeding Run red light Expected Reward Get there on time Save time 46. Unsafe Driving Behaviors Behavior Speeding Run red light Text while driving Expected Reward Get there on time Save time Chat with friends 47. Unsafe Driving Behaviors Behavior Speeding Run red light Text while driving Back w/o looking Expected Reward Get there on time Save time Chat with friends Save energy 48. Unsafe Driving Behaviors Behavior Speeding Run red light Text while driving Back w/o looking Tailgating Expected Reward Get there on time Save time Chat with friends Save energy Win the race 49. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Expected Reward Get done faster 50. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Not holding handrails Expected Reward Get done faster Improved mobility 51. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Not holding handrails Lifting improperly Expected Reward Get done faster Improved mobility Simpler body mechanics 52. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Not holding handrails Lifting improperly Leaving things on the floor Expected Reward Get done faster Improved mobility Simpler body mechanics Less work 53. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Not holding handrails Lifting improperly Leaving things on the floor Accepting poor ergonomics Expected Reward Get done faster Improved mobility Simpler body mechanics Less work Less bother get to work 54. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Not holding handrails Lifting improperly Leaving things on the floor Accepting poor ergonomics Ignoring a hazard Expected Reward Get done faster Improved mobility Simpler body mechanics Less work Less bother get to work Less involvement/work 55. Unsafe Office Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Not holding handrails Lifting improperly Leaving things on the floor Accepting poor ergonomics Ignoring a hazard Leaving a mess or spill Expected Reward Get done faster Improved mobility Simpler body mechanics Less work Less bother get to work Less involvement/work Easier get back to work 56. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Expected Reward Get done faster 57. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Using a chair for a ladder Expected Reward Get done faster Faster, less work 58. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Using a chair for a ladder Lifting improperly Expected Reward Get done faster Faster, less work Simpler body mechanics 59. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Using a chair for a ladder Lifting improperly Not wearing PPE Expected Reward Get done faster Faster, less work Simpler body mechanics Quicker & easier 60. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Using a chair for a ladder Lifting improperly Not wearing PPE Ignoring ice and snow Expected Reward Get done faster Faster, less work Simpler body mechanics Quicker & easier Less work 61. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Using a chair for a ladder Lifting improperly Not wearing PPE Ignoring ice and snow Leaving a mess or spill Expected Reward Get done faster Faster, less work Simpler body mechanics Quicker & easier Less work Less involvement/work 62. Unsafe Home Behaviors Behavior Leaving drawers open Using a chair for a ladder Lifting improperly Not wearing PPE Ignoring ice and snow Leaving a mess or spill Fast food prep & cutting Expected Reward Get done faster Faster, less work Simpler body mechanics Quicker & easier Less work Less involvement/work Get done quicker 63. Behaviorism Strategies Never ask or require an employee to do something that is unsafe or risky. CONSEQUENCE (Result) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 64. Behaviorism Strategies Recognize and reward safe behaviors. REWARD CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) Promote Safe Behaviors 65. Behaviorism Strategies Never let an unsafe behavior slide. POSSIBLE PUNISHMENT CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) Punish Unsafe Behaviors 66. Humanism Were not rats. Were complex creatures. 67. Internal influences on our behavior Humanism CAN DO KNOWLEDGE SKILLS ABILITIES WILL DO VALUES MOTIVATIONS PERSONALITY K V S M A P 68. CAN DO KNOWLEDGE DOT rules & regulations Service expectations Dispatch procedures SKILLS How to safely drive How to provide customer service How to complete paperwork ABILITIES Stamina Eye hand coordination Physically fit 69. WILL DO VALUES Conscientious Safety driven Caring & considerate MOTIVATIONS Over-the-road driving Independence Work with people PERSONALITY Friendly Risk-averse Compliant 70. WILL DO You cant change CAN DO You can change K V S M A P 71. KNOWLEDGE Education them on safety and risk management 72. SKILLS Train them how to do their jobs safely 73. VALUES You cant change! MOTIVATIONS You cant change! PERSONALITY You cant change! Hire only drivers who are risk averse 74. People fail to pay attention People exceed their performance capabilities People engage in unsafe behavior patterns Why people have accidents: 75. Failure to pay attention 76. Failure to pay attention. 77. Our environment is constantly changing Accidents happen when we fail to pay attention 78. Failing to pay attention Behavior Daydreaming Looking at a passenger Driving with a fixed stare Not looking ahead 15 seconds Not looking around every 3 to 5 seconds Looking at a text, phone, radio or in-cab device Looking at anything other than the driving environment 79. Exceeding capabilities 80. Exceeding capabilities Behavior Tailgating Overdriving headlights Jumping out of the cab Driving without enough rest Driving too fast for conditions Lifting too much weight without help 81. Unsafe behavior patterns We repeat behaviors that get us rewards. 82. Unsafe behavior patterns We focus on the reward. We dont imagine possible negative outcomes. We repeat the unsafe behavior to get another reward. REWARD CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 83. Unsafe behavior patterns Behavior Speeding Tailgating Backing without first looking Changing lanes without first looking Not using signals or communicating Texting or cell phone use while driving 84. What can you do? Actions you can take. 85. Eliminate unsafe behaviors Focus on unsafe behaviors and what causes them. CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) UNSAFE BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) 86. You must assess applicants for risk-taking behavior. 87. Teach your employees about risk and why people have accidents. CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) Educate 88. Provide effective safety training. CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) Train 89. Use positive and negative reinforcement to influence the drivers expected consequences. CONSEQUENCE (Reward) (Avoid Punishment) BEHAVIOR (Action) ANTECENDENT (Demand) Shape 90. Zero Tolerance No unsafe acts No unsafe conditions Ever. Make safe behavior a condition of employment. 91. What to expect Videos Solve problems Working with a partner Master skills Job simulation 92. Exercise 93. We want accidents to go away. 94. Its up to our managers and supervisors 95. IMAGE: ACCIDENT We want accidents to go away 96. Its up to our managers and supervisors 97. Norms are the accepted way of doing things 98. Norms are the accepted way of doing things 99. We want to be accepted We adapt to norms to be accepted 100. Norms vary from location to location 101. Rules Rules Rules Lets make some safety rules 102. Rules dont control behavior 103. So why do people have accidents? 104. The work environment is constantly changing Accidents happen when we fail to pay attention 105. Exceeding capabilities 106. Accidents happen when we exceed our capabilities 107. Unsafe Behavior Patterns 108. Wrong time to get excited 109. Accidents are bad Unnecessary suffering We want to eliminate them. 110. Understanding and Observing 111. What can you do? 112. How to do things