4

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1 7

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4 18

5 39

6 41

47

48

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1

Cisco Packet Tracer 6.0.

:

- - N=53;

- - S=3;

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- ;

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Server-PT DNS NTP . [2].

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NTP UDP, TCP. NTP [1].

NTP - . NTP . (David L. Mills) . - NTP 4.

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2.1

2.2

3. IP-

- IP-.

3 .

1) 192.168.1.0;

2) 192.168.2.0;

3) 192.168.3.0

:

Router 1 :

Ethernet 1/0 - 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

Ethernet 1/1 - 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.252

OSPF

network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router 2 :

Ethernet 1/0 - 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

Ethernet 1/1 - 10.0.0.6 255.255.255.252

OSPF

network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 10.0.0.4 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router 3 :

Ethernet 1/0 - 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

Ethernet 1/1 - 10.0.0.10 255.255.255.252

OSPF

network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 10.0.0.8 0.0.0.3 area 0

Router 4 :

Ethernet 1/0 - 213.178.12.254 255.255.255.0

Ethernet 1/1 - 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.252

Ethernet 1/2 - 10.0.0.5 255.255.255.252

Ethernet 1/3 - 10.0.0.9 255.255.255.252

OSPF

network 213.178.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.0.0.4 0.0.0.3 area 0

network 10.0.0.8 0.0.0.3 area 0

, DNS, NTP. Server 1 3.1. DNS 3.2 NTP 3.3

3.1 Server1

3.2 DNS Server1

3.3 NTP Server1

DNS NTP- .

Server1=>Config=>Services=>DNS :

Name www.kntz519.com

Type A Record

Address 213.178.12.1

DNS PC1 DNS 213.178.12.1, Web Browser URL www.ktnz519.com.

, NTP Router 4, , 192.168.3.253 \24

,

Router#show clock

NTP , ntp server 213.178.12.1. , NTP .

4.

1 PC45:

4.1

4.2 PDU

4.3 Hub 1

4.4 PDU Hub 1

4.5 Switch 1

4.6 PDU Hub 1

4.7 Router 1

4.8 PDU Router 1

4.9 Router 0

4.10 PDU Router 0

4.11 Router 3

4.12 PDU Router 3

4.13 Switch 3

4.14 PDU Switch 3

4.15 Hub 6

4.16 PDU Hub 6

4.17 PC45

4.18 PDU PC45

4.19 Hub 6

4.20 PDU Hub 6

4.21 Switch 3

4.22 PDU Switch 3

4.23 Router 3

4.24 PDU Router 3

4.25 Router 0

4.26 PDU Router 0

4.27 Router 1

4.28 PDU Router 1

4.29 Switch 1

4.30 PDU Switch 1

4.31 Hub 1

4.32 PDU Hub 1

4.33 Hub 1

4.34 PDU

4.35 PC1 PC45

4.1 4.18 , 4.19 4.34 .

1 PC45, PDU IP- 192.168.1.1 IP- 192.168.3.45, 4.2.

, , , , IP - , 4.4.

, , . DEST MAC: = 00D0.BCC7.7101, SRC MAC: = 00D0.BD60.D29E. , MAC- MAC- , DEST MAC , . DEST MAC: = 0001.6370.9B04, SRC MAC: = 0000.C94E.1404, 4.10

PC45, , SRC IP 192.168.3.45, DST IP: 192.168.1.1 ( 4.18).

4.18 4.18 , IP - IP - , , PC45. 4.20.

PING TCP/IP , , . 4.36.

4.36 PC1 PC 45

tracert , , . , . ( 4.37)

4.25 42 6

5.

PDV (Path Delay Value) - Fast Ethernet . 512 .

(PDV) :[4]

- , , ;

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5.1 ,

TX/FX

100 bt

4

138 bt

5.2 ,

1

UTP 5

1.112

111.2 (100 )

STP

1.112

111.2 (100 )

1.0

412 (412 )

5.3 ,

0 ( )

0 ( )

92

, . PC1 PC45. , , . Base X, 100 bt .

:

1 (PC1-R1) - 100 bt (, ) + 92 bt ( ) + 0 ( ) + 50 ;

2 (R1-R2) - 100 bt (, ) - 0 ( ) + 10 ;

2 (R2-PC45) - 100 bt (, ) - 0 ( ) + 10 ;

4 - 100 bt (, ) + 92 bt ( ) + 0 ( ) + 50 .

((50+10+10+50)*1,112+100+100+100+100+92+92 = 717,44 2048 ()

2048 .

.

6.

(. workstation) - , .

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Infrared Data Association IrDA, -, , .

.

1990- 2000- . , WiFiBluetooth. IrDA :

, - .

-.

. : , , , , Bluetooth ( 4.0). IrDA .

IrDA :

IrPHY ( SIR, MIR, FIR, VFIR, UFIR)

IrLAP, IrLMP, IrCOMM, Tiny TP, IrOBEX, IrLAN, IrSimple IrFM ( ).

SNMP(.Simple Network Management Protocol ) - IP- UDP/TCP. SNMP , , , , , . , . SNMP (IETF) TCP/IP. , , .

SNMP , . ( ) .

SNMP ( , ) . , , SNMP .

SNMP , SNMP. , , . SNMP . , (, ), ( MIB, . Management information base).

SNMP :

;

, , , ;

(Network Management System, NMS) , , [1].

Ethernet. 52 , 5 . , , , . , DHCP , 1, NTP. . IP- , .

, , . , , . , (PDV).

. 175 , .

1. . / . , . . - .: -, 2004. - 752c.

2. . IMS (IP multimedia Subsystem). / . . - .: -, 2009. - 100 .

3. .. . / .. , .. , .. . - .: , 2009. - 400 .

4. Ethernet http://prvo.dynalias.net

5. .. . , , : / . . , . .. / / . - 4- . - .: , 2010. - 944c.

6. - FreeBSD// 26: NTP - http://www.freebsd.org/doc/ru/books/handbook/network-ntp.html