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Link: http://epri.org.za/courses/chiang-mai-course-2019/
Delivering Social Protection:
Should we raise the bar?
23 October 2019
Dr. Michael Samson
A course for policy-makers, government officials and practitioners around the world
Designing and Implementing Social Protection Systems
Overview: Implementation systems
◼ Integrated systems
◼ Central role of the MIS
◼ Developmental payments
◼ Developmental MIS
◼ Conclusions
Harmonised and developmental delivery systems:
the cutting point of the diamond
Political
leadership
Socio-economic
policy planning
Delivery
institutions
Health EducationSocial
DevelopmentAgriculture
Implementation lessons
Implementation is more important than design
Capacity building is often the key factor
Build developmental delivery systems
Role of public/private co-operation
The importance of a communications strategy
Again, learn from global lessons of experience –
but ground the programme in the nation’s social and
policy context
An Agent
Transporting Cash
for G2P Payments
7
Delivery systems--
Case 1: Smart card bank accounts
• South Africa’s Grinrod Bank opened a smart card bank account
for every social cash transfer beneficiary.
• The special account offered a free package of basis services.
• The Government of South Africa paid a small service charge to
the bank for delivering the grants at no cost to the beneficiary,
and reduced its costs by over 90%.
• Beneficiaries also lowered their costs to accessing their
benefits—eliminating the need to travel (sometimes for hours)
to fixed paypoints and improving the reliability of delivery.
• But unscrupulous financial operators have abused the
system, defrauding beneficiaries with sophisticated
electronic schemes, while consumer protection mechanisms
have lagged behind.Source: EPRI (2017)
8
Delivery systems--
Case 2: Debit card accounts in Pakistan
• Pakistan’s emergency response programmes employ debit cards
linked to basic transaction bank account products targeted
specifically at the needs of social grant recipients
• Features:
• No minimum balance requirement.
• GoP pays a one-off grant of $233 at UBL Bank on behalf of
poor families affected by 2010 floods
• Usable at partner banks ATM for fee or VISA POS
• Debit cards can be expeditiously distributed after targeting
• Nearly 70% of beneficiaries expressed desire to convert debit
accounts to savings accounts
• 400,000 previously unregistered beneficiaries received ID cards
Source: World Bank-GFDRR
9
Case 3: Smart card at agents
• HSNP’s first phase paid bi-monthly benefits to
households in arid N and NE of Kenya
• Payments were executed by Equity Bank, via a
bank account which is accessed via a smart card
• Smart card could be accessed via agents (shop
keepers) appointed by bank in areas where there
are
• Followed a specialized
procurement process which
promoted financial inclusion
Source: Ferrand (2007), Pulver (2008)
10
Case 4: Mobile phones
• Chars Livelihood Programme (funded in partnership with DFAT
and DFID) provided stipends to beneficiaries, a total Tk. 8,100 is
distributed over 18 months), with bKash delivering the services.
• Pilot of 433 beneficiaries successful, expanded to 8 districts.
Over 3 phases of programme, 22,278 beneficiaries received
mobile payments
• Advantages: more secure, less resource intensive & less
leakages than cash delivery-ability to receive remittances on
mobile from family members working in other areas of
Bangladesh.
• More importantly, beneficiaries strengthened their access to
developmental financial, communications and information
services.Source: CLP (2014)
Developmental payments
MIS enables choice
Immediate requirements for rapid implementation often
mandate expedient systems (e.g. manual payments
processes)
Pilot implementation arrangements can open the door to
future systems in a more developmental manner
An MIS can enable recipients to select the delivery system
most appropriate for their needs
Bolsa Familia makes transfers to beneficiaries using electronic
benefit cards for use at ATMs, and reduced the cost from
14.7% to 2.7% of the grant value, from 2001 to 2005.
Implementation lessons
Implementation is more important than design
Capacity building is often the key factor
Build developmental delivery systems
Role of public/private co-operation
The importance of a communications strategy
Again, learn from global lessons of experience –
but ground the programme in the nation’s social and
policy contextHow is the FDI
constructed? From
Brazil’s
“Single Registry”
What is Brazil’s Family Development Index?
The Family Development Index (FDI) is a composite indicator developed to measure
the degree of "vulnerability" of a family. It is calculated for each family unit
by aggregating the data for individual family members. The FDI ranges from 0 (poorer development)
to 1 (better development), likeother multidimensional poverty indicators.
The FDI analyses six dimensions of development:
absence of vulnerability,
access to knowledge,
access to work,
resource availability,
child development and,
housing conditions
– each representing the ability of families to satisfy their basic
needs effectively.
Family Development Index - Municipalities of North Region
0,00
0,25
0,50
0,75
1,00
Vulnerability
Access of Knowledge
Access of labor
Availability of resources
Child development
Household Conditions
MARIA 16424231766
IDF of the family 0,28
IDF - municipality of
ACRELANDIA 0,48
First decile (State)
Median (State)
Third quartile (State)
Family Development Index (IDF)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00Vulnerability
Access of Knowledge
Access of labor
Availability of resources
Child development
Household Conditions
Family Development Index - Municipalities of North Region
JANAINA 16275200015
IDF of the family 0.77
IDF - municipality of MANCIO LIMA
0.48
First decile (State)
Median (State)
Third quartile (State)
Family Development Index (IDF)
Perceptions of social protection
“The Minister of Social Development should recommend Acrelandia for the new automobile plant.”
A: strongly agree D: somewhat disagree
B: agree E: disagree
C: somewhat agree F: strongly disagree
Perceptions of social protection
“Countries should invest aggressively in developmental delivery systems, even if this increases the fiscal costs
and programme risks, because it is important to maximise the economic growth impacts.”
A: strongly agree D: somewhat disagree
B: agree E: disagree
C: somewhat agree F: strongly disagree
Perceptions of social protection
“The purpose of social protection delivery systems is to deliver the right benefit to the right person at the right
time. This should be the priority, not incurring extra cost and risk to turn these into development programmes.”
A: strongly agree D: somewhat disagree
B: agree E: disagree
C: somewhat agree F: strongly disagree
Delivery lessons: conclusions
How we deliver social protection programmes is more important
than how we design them!
Capacity building is often the key ingredient for success.
Today, we know how to deliver effectively—the big question
now is how to build developmental delivery systems to
strengthen equitable growth impacts.
Again, while it is useful to draw on the global lessons of
experience – it’s also essential to ground the programmes in the
nation’s social and policy context.
Discussion question: How can my country deliver social protection
in a manner that strengthens developmental outcomes?
Course Unifying Exercise
Country Presentations
What to think about…
Making the case for change
(1) what works?
(2) what doesn't?
(3) why?
(4) make the case for change
(5) how?
Social Protection in My Country…What works?
…What doesn’t?
Consider all the dimensions covered in the course… and more.
• Is my country’s social protection system aligned to the main life cycle
vulnerabilities people face?
• Are the most necessary programmes in place?
• Are they appropriately designed? And effectively implemented?
• Do they reach the people who need them?
• Do they contribute broadly to sustainable development?
• Do they rely on developmental delivery systems?
• Do they protect people’s rights?
• Do they build developmental synergies with other core government
interventions?
And why?
What accounts for your country’s most important social protection
successes?
Why doesn’t the system work as effectively as possible?
What lessons explaining success and failure can you share?
Are these causal drivers of success and failure specific to your country or
are they similar to factors in other countries?
If you could make one change to your country’s social protection system,
what would it be?
What change would you propose?
What gap in the social protection system does this change address?
Why hasn’t this change been already implemented?
How would you implement this change?
What key stakeholders must be persuaded?
How much will the change cost? What non-financial resources are
required?
What key stakeholders will implement the change?
How will the change interact with other sectoral interventions to broadly
support sustainable development?