Course Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM): TechNet Augusta 2015

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Fundamentals and Applications of

Course Wave Division Multiplexing

(CWDM)

TECHNET


• WDM Technology Overview

• What are the features/benefits for CWDM

• Real-World Use Case/Examples

• CWDM vs. DWDM

• Summary

Agenda


WDM Defined

Wavelength Division Multiplexing . . .

. . . a technology which multiplexes multiple optical carrier

signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths

(colors) of light to carry each individual signal


Why WDM Technology ?

• Traditionally

– Each fiber connection requires two strands of fiber• one for TX and one for RX

• Fully Consumed

– What do you do when all of your installed fiber is used up and you need to add more links?

• Install more fiber?

• Lease more fiber?

• Deploy WDM Technology

• Fiber Exhaustion

– Is the primary driver for the use of WDM technology


WDM Analogy

Highway analogy for WDM:

If we increase the number of lanes on a highway, we

can increase the volume of traffic. Each lane has the

same capacity and speed limit as before, but our

capacity is increased by the factor equal to the

number of lanes

Alternatives to increase capacity

Building a new highway = installing more fiber

Increasing the speed limit = upgrading from FE to Gigabit


• Increase capacity between locations using the existing fiber

• Create more connections over fiber that’s been exhausted

• Support multiple protocols (DS1, DS3, Ocx, GE, 10G), all running on same fiber pair

• Customer’s existing network equipment utilized

• Solution is all “Passive” not requiring any active electronics or power

• Solution can be used either Point to Point or as an Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM) deployment

• Customer Equipment fixed optics can be converted to CWDM optics

Qualifications


WDM Principle – Multiplexing/Demultiplexing

Mu

ltip

lex

er1, 2, 3, 4

1

2

3

4

Dem

ult

iple

xer

2

3

4

1


Support for WDM

• A wide variety of communication environments support WDM technology

– Fast Ethernet - OC-3/FDDI/ATM

– 10/100 - RS232

– Gigabit Ethernet - RS422/485

– 10/100/1000 - High Speed Serial

– Ethernet NIDs - NICs

– T1/E1 - SFPs

– DS3/E3 - Industrial Ethernet


WDM Types

Type Channels Channel

spacing

Remarks

WWDM 2 100 nm or

more

- Typically 1310nm and 1550nm

- Inexpensive

- Can be done by transceiver

CWDM 4 - 16 20nm - Higher channel counts than WWDM

- Lower cost than DWDM

- Passive optical components – Mux/DeMux

DWDM 8 - 160 0.8 or 1.6

nm

- Max 16 ch. for passive OC

- Active solutions add management and

other features

3 Types WDM Technology


WWDM Transceiver

Wideband WDM can sometimes be referred to as WWDM

Typically 2 wavelengths – 1310nm and 1490/1550nm

Analogy: Two lane country road – one lane in each direction

Bi-directionally, over one strand of fiber

Offers potential to double the fiber capacity of existing network

Available in SFP modules and in fixed optics

WDM WDM


WWDM Common Application

• Moving from duplex fiber to simplex fiber– Doubling current fiber plant

• Media Conversion– Fiber ports use a simplex optic

• Single fiber, single strand, or simplex fiber

• Photo below show single SC connector

– Inexpensive option to start taking advantage of WDM technology


CWDM – Multiplexer/Demultiplexer


spacing

Remarks

WWDM 2 100 nm

or more


- Inexpensive




- Passive optical components – Mux/DeMux

DWDM 8 - 160 0.8 or 1.6

nm



other features


Coarse WDM

Typically 4, 8, or 16 wavelengths – encompassing 1310nm to 1610nm

Analogy: Multi-lane divided highway

Typically used uni-directionally

Single Strand for Transmit and a single strand for receive

Or as an optical add/drop mux (OADM)

WDM WDMWDM

WDM WDM

WDMWDM




Typical 1550nm window wavelengths = 1470nm to 1610nm in 20nm

increments

Typical 1310nm window wavelengths = 1270nm to 1410nm in 20nm

increments


DWDM – Multiplexer/Demultiplexer


spacing

Remarks

WDM 2 100 nm

or more


- Inexpensive




- Passive optical components – Mu/DeMux

DWDM 8 - 160 0.8 or

1.6 nm



other features



Dense WDM

Typically 8 or more wavelengths – centered around 1550nm

Typically used uni-directionally or as an optical add/drop mux (OADM)

Adds a Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop (ROADM)

Channel spacing typically 0.8nm (100GHz) or 1.6nm (200GHz)

160 channels possible on active systems (max. 40 channels passive) using

0.2nm (25GHz) channel spacing

Active systems very expensive


Features/Benefits for CWDM


• There are many influences for the growth of 10G and it’s

expansion into the Enterprise, Industrial Environments,

and Service Provider Networks

1. 10G hardware has become more economical

2. Business Ethernet and Ethernet Mobile Backhaul has evolved

with a need for higher capacity

3. CWDM Multiplexers are passive and agnostic of protocol or

speed

4. Increased bandwidth requirements for Cloud Networking

5. Increased device connections over fiber pairs

CWDM Technology – Increased Bandwidth


Business Fiber Networks• Increased Bandwidth — 1GE, 10GE connections allowed

• Logical Security — Different Wavelength Paths

Fiber Exhaustion• CWDM Units — Creation of Multiple Fiber Wavelength paths in same

fiber

• Decreases CAPEX — Increases current fiber capacity without installation and deployment of more fiber cables

CWDM Technology – Fiber Conservation


CWDM Principle – Multiplexing/Demultiplexing

1470nm 1490nm 1510nm 1530nm 1550nm 1570nm 1590nm 1610nm

CWDM

MUX

1310nm1610nm

20nm spacing

1350nm 1370nm 1390nm 1410nm1330nm1310nm 1450nm1430nm


• Completely passive WDM devices use thin film filters to Mux and Demux the wavelengths

• Requires no external power supplies• Compatible with all single mode fiber• Compatible with all WDM wavelength based electronics• Transparent to speed, support everything from 100M to 10G

To 1550nm RX port

To 1510nm RX port

To 1530nm RX port

To 1570nm RX port

From Line RX port

CWDM Technology


CWDM Technology

• OADM – Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer– All the light paths that directly pass an OADM are termed cut-through

light paths, while those that are added or dropped at the OADM node are termed added/dropped light paths

Fiber Pair Out

Fiber Pair In


CWDM – Fixed Optics ????

1310nm


CWDM – Fixed Optics Converted

S3100-4040 100Mbps to 2.5Gbps fiber

repeater with two open SFP slots

S4110-4848 1 Gbps to 11.5Gbps fiber

repeater with two open SFP+ slots

Wideband

1310nm

CWDM

1570nm


CWDM Implementation

Customer

Driven

Traffic Type, Demand,

and System Scalability

Node Filter Architecture

(Channel Assignment)

System Architecture

(Receiver Levels,

Amplifier &

Dispersion needs)

STAGE 1

STAGE 2

STAGE 3


CWDM Service and Topology Requirements

Service Requirements

• What kind of services will be deployed on this network?

- 100 Mb

- 1 Gb

- 10 Gb

• Do these services require protection?

Topology Requirements

• Will this be a Linear or Ring Transport System?

• How many nodes, distance between nodes, and fiber loss?

• What is the traffic flow?

• What kind and how many fibers are available?

• What size system is needed for deployment?

• Are Add/Drop locations required?


CWDM Service Specifications

Link Budget

• 1 km Fiber loss: introduces 0.3 db loss

• Connector loss: introduces 0.3 db loss

• Splice loss: introduces 0.3 db loss

• CWDM Mux loss: introduces 3.3 db loss (includes 1 connector)

• CWDM Add/Drop loss: introduces 1.1 db loss (includes 1 connector)

SFP Laser StrengthTN-SFP-OC48S-Cxx 1GE, SM, LC, 40 km Link Budget: 18.0 dB (TX Pwr + RX Sensitivity)

TN-SFP-LX8-Cxx 1GE, SM, LC, 80 km Link Budget: 24.0 dB (TX Pwr + RX Sensitivity)

TN-SFP-LX16-Cxx 1GE, SM, LC, 160 km Link Budget: 37.0 dB (TX Pwr + RX Sensitivity)

Example: [Receiver Sensitivity Range +3dB to -21dB)

SFP(+0.0 dB)CWDM Mux(-3.3dB) connector(-.3dB) 40km of Fiber(-8.0dB) connector(-.3dB) CWDM

Mux(-3.3dB) = -15.2dB

(Note: Always have 2 dB safety margin in the budget)


Real World Examples


CWDM Common Topologies

Point-to-Point

• Alleviate fiber congestion:

Reducing backbone fiber used by a factor of 4, 8 or 16

Increasing capacity on each backbone fiber by a factor of 4, 8 or 16

8 Channel

CWDM Box

8 Channel

CWDM Box

MuxDemux

Mux Demux


Ring

MuxDemux MuxDemux

Mux DemuxMux Demux

Mux

Demux

Mux

DemuxMux

Demux

Mux

Demux

8 Channel CWDM Boxes

(2) at each location

Building D

Building C

Building A

Building B

CWDM Common Topologies


CWDM Media Converter Application


CWDM – Security Camera Application

Application Summary

- Control Center has 2 Pairs of Fiber to remote Parking Center

- Control Center needs fiber connections to 18 Security Cameras/Alarm Boards

because of copper distance limitation

- It is cost preventative to trench and place conduit of more fiber pairs

Transition Network’s Solution

Install (16) Channel and (8) Channel CWDM Multiplexers

Install 24 port Fiber Switch

Install Remote Add/Drop Multiplexers and F/C Media Converters with CWDM SFPs

Benefits

Lower CAPEX/OPEX

No Need for more fiber, 18 Cameras/Alarm Boards supported on 2 fiber pairs

Copper distance limitation overcome



Control Center

Master Alarm Board

VMS

TN SM24DPA Fiber Switch

CWDM-M1631LCR

CWDM-M847LCR

2 Fibers to Field

Enclosure #1 & #2

2 Fibers to Field

Enclosure #3


#1 Field Enclosure M/GE-T-SFP-01

M/GE-T-SFP-01Alarm Board

2 Fibers from

Control Center

2 Fibers to

# 2 Field

Enclosure


1310 Drop

1330 Drop

1350 Drop

1370 Drop

1390 Drop

1410 Drop




2 Fibers from # 1

Field Enclosure


1430 Drop

1450 Drop

1470 Drop

1490 Drop

1530 Drop

1510 Drop





2 Fibers from

Control Center

1510 Drop

1550 Drop

1570 Drop

1530 Drop

1490 Drop

1470 Drop


CWDM – AFB Application

Application Summary

- Control Center has switching data, security and VoIP services to support in

many buildings onsite

- There fiber pairs in a loop around the AFB facility

- The fiber pairs are connected directly to access equipment from point to point

- They need to free up some fiber pairs to connect to additional buildings



Install (8) Channel CWDM Multiplexer

Install Remote Add/Drop CWDM Multiplexers at additional buildings

Benefits

Lower CAPEX/OPEX

No Need for more fiber, additional fiber connections supported on 1 fiber pair

Other fiber pairs are available from freeing up building connection pair


1590 Drop1570 Drop1550 Drop

Control

Center

MaintenanceHangar #1

CWDM – AFB Application

2 Fibers

Hangar #2


CWDM – Military Application

Application Summary

- Provide a simple method to increase fiber capacity

- Physically separate the ECS network from the Com/Data Telco infrastructure

- Achieve the result of increasing security

- Address an implementation plan that can be built in a phased in approach

- There fiber pairs in a loop around the bases footprint



Install (16) Channel CWDM Multiplexers

Benefits

Lower CAPEX/OPEX

No Need for more fiber, additional fiber connections supported on 1 fiber pair

Other fiber pairs are available from freeing up additional connection pairs


CWDM – Military Application


Single Strand CWDM

• Uses two different wavelength SFP modules

– 1470 one direction

– 1490 the other direction

• Cuts channels in half

– An 8-channel mux can send 4-channels on one strand


8-ChannelSingle Strand

Uses 16-channel Muxes

Maximum on one strand

Single Strand CWDM


Single Strand CWDM


CWDM vs. DWDM


CWDM versus DWDM

Parameter CWDM DWDM

Inter channel spacing 20nm As low as 0.2nm

Number of channels Up to 16 More than 160

Communication Range 40-80km - 200km

Optics Fixed Laser Tunable Laser

Cost Lower Higher

Market Metro, Access,

Large enterprise

Long Haul


Summary


• Increase fiber capacity without pulling more fiber

• Multiple protocols all running on same fiber pair

• Passive Layer 1 Solution. Customer’s traffic remains untouched

• xWDM optics available as fixed or pluggable (SFP, XFP, etc.)

• Convert existing wideband optics to narrowband xWDM colors with use of “optical line converters” or “transponders”

• Solution can be used either Point to Point or as an Add/Drop Multiplexer (OADM)

• CWDM 10G offers many benefits to service providers that need to better utilize the existing fiber infrastructure.

xWDM Summary


CWDM Value Proposition

• Easy deployment and flexible implementation

“Plug and play,” no configuration of CWDM components

Enable point-to-point, hub-and-spoke, ring, and meshed architectures on

top of SMF ring

• Flexibility

Allow flexible and highly available multiservice network design with multi-

protocol media converters

• Scalability

Provide scalable Ethernet bandwidth between 100Mb and 160 Gbps

over existing single mode fiber pairs

• Investment protection

Use existing standard optical ports on switches and routers

• With use of xFMFF4040 as transponder

Increase bandwidth on existing fiber infrastructure


Questions?


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Course Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM): TechNet Augusta 2015

Technology

Transcript of Course Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM): TechNet Augusta 2015