Course Syllabus: Advanced Placement® Computer Science ... · PDF fileUTeach CS Principles...

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AP CS Principles Syllabus #: 1662695v1 Course Syllabus: Advanced Placement® Computer Science Principles AP® Computer Science Principles is the newest AP course introduced by the College Board for the 2016@ 17 school year. This course introduces students to the foundational concepts of computer science and explores the impact computing and technology have on our society. Edhesive has partnered with the University of Texas at Austin’s UTeach Institute to launch an online version of the esteemed UTeach CS Principles curriculum. Course Prerequisites It is recommended that a student will have successfully completed Algebra I prior to taking AP Computer Science Principles. Completion or concurrent enrollment in Algebra II is recommended. No previous programming experience is required. Learning Environment Edhesive’s online version of the UTeach CS Principles course was designed to be used in a blended classroom. The course uses a mix of web@based and in@person instruction. Students will work online where they will watch videos, complete interactive activities, quizzes and exams, and participate in an online, moderated discussion forum with their peers located around the country. Students will also work in@person with their classmates on unit projects, activities and class discussions. Teachers use the course lesson guides and data and analytics reports to manage their classrooms, facilitate collaborative learning amongst students, and give focused attention to individual students. Course Assessments This courses uses three types of assessments: 1) There are short formative assessments to check for understanding after each sub@lesson. These are low stakes quizzes that are typically either multiple choice or fill@in@the@blank, and are automatically graded by the online courseware. 2) A summative exam at the end of each unit assesses students’ knowledge of concepts covered in the unit. These exams are multiple choice only, written in the same style and format as the multiple choice questions students will see on the AP exam. The summative assessments are also automatically graded by the online courseware. 3) Each unit has a unit project that presents an overarching challenge for students to investigate, research, and solve. Over the course of the unit, students will collaborate in groups to complete their projects. Detailed grading rubrics are given to students to set expectations and guide their research and learning, and also to teachers to assess the final project grade. The following pages detail the UTeach CS Principles curriculum in detail. Edhesive’s AP Computer Science Principles course strictly follows UTeach’s curriculum, while including additional video, interactives, and assessments to support student instruction.

Transcript of Course Syllabus: Advanced Placement® Computer Science ... · PDF fileUTeach CS Principles...

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!!

! ! AP CS Principles Syllabus #: 1662695v1

Course Syllabus: Advanced Placement® Computer Science Principles !

AP®!Computer!Science!Principles!is!the!newest!AP!course!introduced!by!the!College!Board!for!the!2016@17!school!year.!This!course!introduces!students!to!the!foundational!concepts!of!computer!science!and!

explores!the!impact!computing!and!technology!have!on!our!society.!!

Edhesive! has! partnered!with! the!University! of! Texas! at! Austin’s! UTeach! Institute! to! launch! an! online!

version!of!the!esteemed!UTeach!CS!Principles!curriculum.!!

Course(Prerequisites!

It!is!recommended!that!a!student!will!have!successfully!completed!Algebra!I!prior!to!taking!AP!Computer!Science! Principles.! Completion! or! concurrent! enrollment! in! Algebra! II! is! recommended.! No! previous!

programming!experience!is!required.!!

Learning(Environment!

Edhesive’s! online! version! of! the! UTeach! CS! Principles! course! was! designed! to! be! used! in! a! blended!

classroom.! The! course! uses! a!mix! of! web@based! and! in@person! instruction.! Students! will! work! online!where!they!will!watch!videos,!complete! interactive!activities,!quizzes!and!exams,!and!participate! in!an!online,!moderated!discussion!forum!with!their!peers!located!around!the!country.!Students!will!also!work!

in@person!with!their!classmates!on!unit!projects,!activities!and!class!discussions.!Teachers!use!the!course!lesson!guides!and!data!and!analytics!reports!to!manage!their!classrooms,!facilitate!collaborative!learning!

amongst!students,!and!give!focused!attention!to!individual!students.!!

Course(Assessments(

This!courses!uses!three!types!of!assessments:!!

1) There!are!short!formative!assessments!to!check!for!understanding!after!each!sub@lesson.!These!are! low! stakes! quizzes! that! are! typically! either! multiple! choice! or! fill@in@the@blank,! and! are!automatically!graded!by!the!online!courseware.!

2) A!summative!exam!at!the!end!of!each!unit!assesses!students’!knowledge!of!concepts!covered!in!the! unit.! These! exams! are!multiple! choice! only,! written! in! the! same! style! and! format! as! the!

multiple! choice! questions! students!will! see! on! the!AP! exam.! The! summative! assessments! are!also!automatically!graded!by!the!online!courseware.!!

3) Each!unit!has!a!unit!project!that!presents!an!overarching!challenge!for!students!to!investigate,!

research,!and!solve.!Over!the!course!of!the!unit,!students!will!collaborate!in!groups!to!complete!their!projects.!Detailed!grading!rubrics!are!given!to!students!to!set!expectations!and!guide!their!research!and!learning,!and!also!to!teachers!to!assess!the!final!project!grade.!

The! following! pages! detail! the! UTeach! CS! Principles! curriculum! in! detail.! Edhesive’s! AP! Computer!

Science! Principles! course! strictly! follows! UTeach’s! curriculum,! while! including! additional! video,!interactives,!and!assessments!to!support!student!instruction.!!

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CurricularRequirements Pages

CR1aStudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectivesconnectedtocomputationalthinkingpracticeP1:ConnectingComputing.

3,11,21,22,31,32,43,44,49,50,55

CR1bStudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectivesconnectedtocomputationalthinkingpracticeP2:CreatingComputationalArtifacts.

3,11,21,22,26,27,31,32,37,38,43,44,50,55

CR1c StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectivesconnectedtocomputationalthinkingpracticeP3:Abstracting.

3,11,21,26,27,31,32,37,43,44,49,50,55

CR1dStudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectivesconnectedtocomputationalthinkingpracticeP4:AnalyzingProblemsandArtifacts.

3,11,21,22,26,27,31,37,43,44,49,50,55

CR1eStudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectivesconnectedtocomputationalthinkingpracticeP5:Communicating(bothorallyandwritten).

3,11,21,26,27,31,32,37,43,44,49,50,55

CR1f StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectivesconnectedtocomputationalthinkingpracticeP6:Collaborating.

3,11,26,27,32,37,38,43,44,50,55

CR2a StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea1:Creativity.

3,4,26,27,37,38,44,50,55

CR2b StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea2:Abstraction.

3,4,21,31,32,37,43,44,55

CR2c StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea3:DataandInformation. 3,4,31,37,43,44,55

CR2d StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea4:Algorithms.

3,4,21,22,26,27,32,37,43,55

CR2e StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea5:Programming.

3,4,21,26,27,31,32,37,38,43,44,50,55

CR2f StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea6:TheInternet. 3,4,21,22,49,46

CR2g StudentsareprovidedwithopportunitiestomeetlearningobjectiveswithinBigIdea7:GlobalImpact.

3,4,21,26,31,37,43,44,49,50,55

CR3StudentsareprovidedtherequiredamountofclasstimetocompletetheAPThrough-CourseAssessmentExplore-ImpactofComputingInnovationsperformancetask.

54,56

CR4StudentsareprovidedtherequiredamountofclasstimetocompletetheAPThrough-CourseAssessmentCreate-ApplicationsfromIdeasperformancetask.

54,56

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UTeachCSPrinciplesCourseName

APComputerSciencePrinciples

Developers(http://uteachcs.org)

UTeachCSPrincipleshasbeendevelopedbyTheUTeachInstitutethroughagrantfromtheNationalScienceFoundation(award#1543014).

CourseOverview

UTeachCSPrincipleshasbeendesignedasayear-longhighschoolcoursethatfullyaddressestheseven"BigIdeas"ofcomputerscienceandsix"ComputationalThinkingPractices",asspecifiedbytheCollegeBoard'sAPComputerSciencePrinciplescurriculumframework.

ThelessonsandmaterialsusedthroughoutthiscourseincorporateProject-BasedLearning(PBL),apedagogicalapproachthatactivelyengagesstudentsintheeducationalprocess,improvesretention,anddevelopsproblemsolving,criticalthinking,andgroupcommunicationskills.Throughthiscollaborative,learner-centricapproach,studentsareencouragedtoexploretheadvantagesandsocietalimpactofcomputationaltechnologywhiledevelopingtheirownprogrammingandcomputationalthinkingskills.

BigIdeas[CR2a-g] Topics Perspectives

Abstraction[BigIdea2] DataandInformation[BigIdea3]

Programming[BigIdea5] TheInternet[BigIdea6]

Creativity[BigIdea1] Algorithms[BigIdea4]

GlobalImpact[BigIdea7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices[CR1a-f] P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6

ConnectingComputing

CreatingComputational

Artifacts Abstracting

AnalyzingProblemsand

Artifacts Communicating Collaborating

CourseBibliography

Abelson,H.,Ledeen,K.,andLewis,H.R.BlowntoBits:yourlife,liberty,andhappinessafterthedigitalexplosion.UpperSaddleRiver,N.J.:Addison-Wesley,2008.

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CourseSequencingTheyear-longcourseconsistsofsevenunitsthathavebeencarefullystructuredtogentlyguidenovicestudentsthroughthestudyofcomputationaltechnologybyfirstestablishingacontextforthecoursematerial,thenteachingthecoreskillsforcreatingandusingcomputationaltools,followedbydemonstratingreal-worldapplicationsofdigitaltechnology,andfinallyallowingthestudentstoexhibittheskillstheyhavedeveloped.

CourseUnits[CR2a-g]Core Unit1:ComputationalThinking

Introductiontocomputationalthinking,logicalreasoning,anddescribingprocessesthroughalgorithmsandpseudocode.

BigIdeas:Abstraction[2]Algorithms[4]Programming[5]TheInternet[6]GlobalImpact[7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P1,P2,P3,P4,P5

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):2.2,4.1,4.2,5.2,6.3,7.2

Unit2:Programming

UseScratchtoexploresequencing,selection,anditerationaspartofthegoaltocreateprogramsthatserveusefulfunctions.

BigIdeas:Creativity[1]Algorithms[4]Programming[5]GlobalImpact[7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P2,P3,P4,P5,P6

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):1.1,1.2,4.1,5.1,5.2,7.3

Unit3:DataRepresentation

Explorethedifferentmeansofrepresentinginformationdigitally.

BigIdeas:Abstraction[2]DataandInformation[3]Algorithms[4]Programming[5]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):2.1,2.2,2.3,3.3,4.1,5.1,5.3,5.5

Application Unit4:DigitalMediaProcessing

UseProcessingtoprogrammaticallymanipulatedigitalimagesandaudio.

BigIdeas:Creativity[1]Abstraction[2] DataandInformation[3]Algorithms[4]Programming[5]GlobalImpact[7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P2,P3,P4,P5,P6

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):1.2,1.3,2.2,3.3,4.1,5.1,5.3,5.4,7.3

Unit5:BigData

Discovernewknowledgethroughtheuseoflargedatasets.

BigIdeas:Creativity[1]Abstraction[2] DataandInformation[3]Algorithms[4]Programming[5]GlobalImpact[7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):1.2,2.3,3.1,3.2,3.3,4.2,5.1,7.1,7.2,7.3,7.5

Unit6:InnovativeTechnologies

Explorethecurrentstateoftechnologyanditsroleinoureverydaylives.

BigIdeas:Creativity[1]Programming[5]TheInternet[6]GlobalImpact[7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):1.1,1.2,5.1,6.1,6.2,7.1,7.4

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Exhibition Unit7:PerformanceTasks

StudentsdemonstratetheirlearningbycreatingaportfoliooftheirworkforsubmissiontotheCollegeBoard.

BigIdeas:Creativity[1]Abstraction[2] DataandInformation[3]Algorithms[4]Programming[5]GlobalImpact[7]

ComputationalThinkingPractices(CTP):P1,P2,P3,P4,P6

EnduringUnderstandings(EU):1.2,2.2,3.3,4.1,5.1,5.2,5.3,5.4,5.5,7.1,7.2,7.3,7.4

SequencingandPacingofUnits

Core (3units/12weeks)

Application (3units/12weeks)

Exhibition (1unit/5weeks)

Introductiontotraditionalcomputerscienceandprogramming

Examplesofapplieduse-casesforcoursecontentthroughoutsociety

andindustries

Student-directedprojectsfortheirPerformanceTasks

Core

TheComputationalThinking,Programming,andDataRepresentationunitsintroducestudentstothecomputationalthinkingskillsthatwillenablethemtofullyexploitthepowerofdigitaltechnologyandhelpthemtodevelopastrongfoundationincoreprogrammingandproblem-solvingskills.Inaddition,studentswilldevelopaprofoundappreciationforthekeyrolethatinformationplaysincomputingandthemanywaysinformationcanbecodified,expressed,stored,andmanipulated.

Application

Oncestudentsarearmedwiththenecessaryskillstocreatecomputationalprogramsandartifacts,theDigitalMediaProcessing,BigData,andInnovativeTechnologiesunitsallowstudentstofurtherexploreavarietyofwaysdigitalcomputingcanandhasbeenappliedtorevolutionizeindustriesandenablenewformsofexpression,communication,anddiscovery.

Exhibition

Finally,servingasacapstonetothecourse,thePerformanceTaskunitencouragesstudentstodemonstratewhatthey'velearnedbydesigning,developing,andfurtherrefininganumberofstudent-directedprojects,bothindividuallyandcollaboratively.

CompositionofInstructionalUnits TopicLessons/Activities Projects/Discussions Assessments

Eachunitaddressesoneormorerelated,BigIdea"Topics".

Eachunitincludesthreemoduleswhoseactivitiesframetheunitcontentwithin

thecontextsofthethreeBigIdea"Perspectives".

FormalAssessments(modeledafterAPMultiple-Choiceformat)and

Projects/PerformanceAssessments(modeledaftertheAP"Create"and"Explore"PerformanceTaskrubrics).

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InstructionalUnitsEachfour-weekunitfocusesononeormoreofthefourBigIdea"Topics"(e.g.,Abstraction,DataandInformation,Programming,andTheInternet)whilesimultaneouslypresentingthesetopicsinthecontextofthethreeBigIdea"Perspectives"(e.g.,Creativity,Algorithms,andGlobalImpact)throughtheuseofstructuredin-classactivities,projectextensions,and/orclassroomdiscussions.

Introduction

Thefirstmoduleofeachinstructionalunitleadsoffwithananchorvideoand/orengagementactivitydesignedtointroducethedrivingquestions,majorproject(s),andkeytopicsforthenextfewweeksofstudy.Studentsareexpectedtoparticipateinsmall-groupand/orwhole-classdiscussiontoidentifyareasoffocusthatwilldirectanddrivelearningthroughouttheunit.

TopicLessons/Activities

Distributedthroughouteachunit,individuallessons,exercises,quizzes,anddailyactivitieswillallowstudentstoexploreandpracticeapplyingrelevantskillsandconceptsingreaterdetail.

Unit"Perspective"Modules UnitProject

Creativity[BigIdea1] CodingSkills

Algorithms[BigIdea4] TheBigPicture

GlobalImpact[BigIdea7] Exercisesthatencouragestudentsto

exploreandcreateartifactsandbuildnewknowledgefromunit-specificprojects.

Exercisesthatencouragestudentstodeconstructanddescribeunit-specific

processesprocedurally.

Classroomdiscussionsandinvestigationsthatexaminetheculturalandsocietalimpactofemergingtechnologies.

UnitProject

Withineachunit,selectmodulesaresetaparttoencouragestudentstoworkindependentlyand/orcollaborativelyinmoreopen-ended,student-directed,hands-onprojectsandactivities.Whilethecurrentunit'sdrivingquestiondictatesthecontentoftheUnitProjectmodules,theyprimarilyaddressthecurricularstandardsforthe"Creativity"(BigIdea1)componentofthecourseandallowstudentstoexploretheprocessofcreatingcomputationalartifacts.

CodingSkills

Whilestudentsareexpectedtoactivelyemploycomputationalthinkingtechniquesandpracticesthroughoutalloftheirwork,twoofthemodulesineachunitwillspecificallyaddressthedevelopmentandreinforcementoftheseskills.Inparticular,studentswillbeencouragedtopracticethinkingaboutthelogicandsequencingofasolutiontoaproblemandtothenexpressthatsolutionwithclarityandprecisionusingcode,pseudocode,and/ornaturallanguage,asappropriatetothesituation.Indoingso,thesemodulesaddressthecurricularstandardsforthe

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"Algorithms"(BigIdea4)componentofthecourseandreinforcetheimportanceofthoroughanalysis,detailedpreparation,andclearcommunicationwhensolvingacomputationaltask.

TheBigPicture

Midwaythrougheachunit,studentsareaskedtostepbackandconsiderthebroaderimplicationsoftheunit'smaintopicanditsimpactonsocietyatlarge.Throughin-classdiscussions,debates,andcreativeactivities,studentswillextrapolatefromtheideasandconceptspresentedinclasstoexploretheimplicationsoftheuseofandadvancesincomputationaltechnology.TheseBigPicturemodulesspecificallyaddressthecurricularstandardsforthe"GlobalImpact"(BigIdea7)componentofthecourseandencouragestudentstoalwaysconsidertheconsequencesoftheirdigitalinteractionsandcreationsontheworldaroundthem.

Assessments Inadditiontominor,informalassessmentsthroughouteachunit,studentlearningandprogresswillalsobemonitoredattheendofeachunitthroughformalassessmentsandanevaluationoftheirindependentandcollaborativeefforts.

Formalassessmentsaremodeledafterthesingle-selectandmultiple-selectmultiple-choicequestionsoftheAPComputerSciencePrinciplesexamsothatstudentscanfamiliarizethemselveswiththescopeandstyleofquestionsthattheycanexpecttoseeontheAPexaminMay.

Likewise,aspreparationforthePerformanceTasksthatthestudentswillsubmittotheCollegeBoardinMay,eachstudentwillberequiredtomaintainanddocumentaportfoliooftheirindependentandcollaborativeworkthroughouteachunit.DuringUnit7(PerformanceTasks),studentsareencouragedtodrawuponthisbodyofworktoproducetheirfinalsubmissionsfortheCollegeBoard.

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Project-BasedLearningTheUTeachCSPrinciplescurriculumutilizesProject-BasedLearning(PBL)inordertobetterengagestudentsinthelearningprocess.Byencouragingstudentstousecriticalthinkingskillsandchallengingthemtosolveauthenticandmeaningfulproblems,PBLhelpsstudentstodevelopadeeperandmoreprofoundunderstandingofthepowerofcomputationinoureverydaylives.Thisproject-basedapproachisparticularlyeffectiveinengaginggirlsandotherhistoricallyunderrepresentedgroupsaswellasbroadeningparticipationincomputingoverall.Teacherswhoareunfamiliarwiththegoals,methods,andtechniquesofPBLcanlearnmoreattheBuckInstituteforEducationwebsite(http://bie.org/).

Inteachingthiscourse,educatorsareencouragedtoutilizetherangeofPBLtechniquesthathavebeenincorporatedintoeachunit,includingdrivingquestions,overarchingunitprojects,clearrubrics,regularbenchmarks,scaffoldingactivities,finalproducts,andreflection.Usedtogetherinacoherent,unifiedmannerthatactivelyengagesstudentsintheeducationalprocess,PBLstrategiescanhelpstudentsimprovetheirretentionoflearnedexperiencesanddevelopstrongerproblemsolving,criticalthinking,andgroupcommunicationskills.

DrivingQuestions

Everyunitisultimatelyguidedbyoneormoredrivingquestionsthatservetospecifytheunifyinggoalforstudentinquiryandlearning.Thesequestions,whichgroundeachunitinanauthentic,real-worldcontext,willbeintroducedatthestartofeachunitandthenlaterrevisitedandreiteratedthroughouttheensuinginstructionalmodules.Throughthisregularrepetition,teacherscanensurethatstudentsalwayshaveaclearsenseofwhattheyaretryingtosolve,whattheystillneedtoknow,andwheretheystandintermsofachievingtheirgoalsfortheunit.

UnitProjects

Theopeningmoduleofeachunitalsoservesasaformallaunchoftheunitproject,anoverarching,product-orientedchallengeforstudentstoinvestigate,research,andsolveoverthecourseoftheunit.Theprojectlaunchstartswithananchorvideothatintroducesthefundamentalproblemorchallengetobesolvedandisintendedtosparkthestudents'imaginationsandinspirethemtowanttofindasolution.Teachersshouldthenusesubsequentclassroomdiscussions,lessons,andactivitiestohelpguidestudentsinidentifyingwaystheymightapproachtheprojectandwhattheywillneedtostudyandlearninordertodevelopacompletesolutiontothestatedchallenge.

Rubrics

Eachunitprojectisaccompaniedbyaclearlydefinedrubricthatspecifiesthesetofexpectationsforstudentworkthroughouttheunit,includinganexhaustivelistofassessmentcriteriafortheartifactsthatstudentswillproduceanddetaileddescriptorsforeach

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performancelevelthatastudentmightdemonstrate.Teachersshouldprovidestudentswiththerubricatthestartoftheunitaspartoftheinitialdiscussionimmediatelyfollowingtheanchorvideo.Givingthestudentstherubricatthetimeoftheprojectlaunchiscriticalforsettingclearstudentexpectationsearlyintheresearchandlearningprocess.Overthecourseoftheunit,teachersshouldregularlyreferbacktothegoalsandcriteriaoftherubricinordertoensurethatstudentsremainfocusedandonpaceformeetingthestatedrequirements.

Benchmarks

Eachunitprovidestheteacherwithanumberofbenchmarkactivities,orsubtasks,thatfeedintothelargerunitproject.Eachofthesesubtaskscontributesdirectlytothefinalproductthatthestudentswillcreate.Teacherscanusethesebenchmarksasintermediate,informalassessmentstogaugetheprogressofeachstudentand/orcollaborativegroupintheirmasteryoftheunitgoals.

ScaffoldingActivities

Thebulkofeachunitconsistsofaseriesofindividualtopiclessons,activities,discussions,andhands-onapplicationsthatallowtheteachertoprovideinstruction,guidance,andsupporttostudentsandcollaborativegroupsastheyconductresearchfortheunitproject.Thesescaffoldingactivitiesservetointroduce,explain,andencouragetheuseoftheunit'scoreconceptsandskillsbyprovidingstudentswithstructuredopportunitiesandincentivestoexplorethematerialingreaterdepth.Specifically,topiclessonsfocusonextendingexistingknowledgeofunitconceptsthroughdirectinstructionandinquiry-basedinvestigations.MeanwhiletheUnitProject,CodingSkills,andBigPictureexercisescreateopportunitiesforstudent-centered,collaborativediscussionsandexercisesthatencouragestudentstoexploreunittopicsfromthebroaderperspectivesofcreativity,algorithms,andglobalimpact.

FinalProductsandStudentPortfolio

Attheculminationofeachunit,studentsareexpectedtopresentafinalproductthatrepresentsthebodyoftheirworkandresearchontheunitproject.Throughacombinationofindividualproductsandcollaborativegroupproducts,studentsdemonstratetheirmasteryofthecorecontentandskillsfortheunitbyexhibitingtheauthenticandpurposefulartifactsthattheyhavecreated.Whiletheexactformatofthefinalproductmayvaryfromunittounit,akeycomponentalwaysincludesapublicpresentationofeachstudent'sworkbeforetheirpeersasawayofprovidingmotivationforeachstudentandholdingthemaccountablefortheirownlearning.

Inaddition,teachersshouldencouragestudentstoaddartifactsoftheirfinalproducttoanongoingstudentportfoliothattheymaintainthroughoutthecourse.ThecontentsofthisportfoliocanlaterbeusedduringUnit7:PerformanceTasksasapointofinspirationforthe"Create"and"Explore"tasksthatthestudentswillneedtoproduceandsubmittotheCollegeBoardaspartoftheAPComputerSciencePrinciplesassessment.

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Reflections

Finally,attheendofeachunit,teachersshouldallowtheirstudentsanopportunitytolookbackonwhattheyhavedone,experienced,andlearnedoverthecourseoftheunitandreflectonhowtheirperceptionofcomputingmayhavechangedasaresultoftheseexperiences.Similarly,studentsareexpectedtodiscusshowtheunitmaterialrelatestotheirownpersonalinterestsandtoarticulatehowtheycouldapplytheirnewlylearnedskillstoauthentictaskswithintheirownlives.

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ProgrammingResourcesThroughoutthecourse,studentswillexplorethecodingprocessthroughthecontextoftwodifferentprogrammingenvironments–ScratchandProcessing.Eachoftheseplatformshasbeendesignedtoprovidebeginningstudentswithasimplifiedandnovice-friendlyinterfacewithwhichtowritetheirfirstdynamicandhighlyengagingprograms.Thetoolsforbothenvironmentsareplatform-independentandfreelyavailableonline,soschoolsandstudentscanruntheseapplicationsanddeveloptheirownprogramsonanyavailablecomputerwithouthavingtopurchaseanyadditionalsoftwareorlicenses.

Scratch(https://scratch.mit.edu)

DevelopedbytheMITMediaLab,Scratchoffersstudentsanintroductiontocodingthroughtheuseofavisualprogramminginterface.Bydragginganddroppinglabeledprogrammingcomponents(a.k.a.,"blocks")thatsnaptogetherintosyntacticallycorrectcompositions,studentscanquicklyconstructrobustandfullyfunctionalprogramswithverylittlepriorprogrammingknowledgeorskill.Thisblock-basedprogrammingenvironmentisideallysuitedtofirst-timeprogrammersasitabstractsawaymuchofthelow-levelimplementationdetailsandallowsstudentstoclearlyfocusonthemoregeneralizedconceptsthataresofundamentaltotheartofcomputationalthinking.

Processing(https://processing.org)

BuiltatoptheJavaprogramminglanguage,Processingoffersasimplifiedsyntaxandgraphicalprogrammingmodelthatallowsnoviceprogrammerstoeasilydevelopvisuallydynamicprogramsusingahigh-levelprogramminglanguage.Forstudentswhohavealreadybeenexposedtothedrag-and-dropprogrammingofablocks-basedlanguagelikeScratch,theintroductionofProcessinghelpsthemmakethetransitiontothetext-basedexperienceofaproceduralprogramminglanguage.AndbyleveragingthesyntaxandstructureofanindustriallanguagelikeJava,ProcessingmakesiteasierforstudentstolatermoreeasilyadoptJava(asisusedinAPComputerScienceA),C++,orPythonanumberofother,similarlanguagesthattheymightencounterinindustryorcontinuedstudiesincomputerscience.