Course Course IntroductionIntroduction

Reading Course• Intensive Reading Course Background Word Usage Text Analysis

•Extensive Reading Course

What do you expect to learn from the “extensive reading course” ?

• Reading skills• Numerous new words and

expressions• Word formation success n. —succeed v. —successful adj. —successfully adv.

——You will master

• One Word with Different Meanings will (1) modal verb (2) n. the will to live Stop trying to impose your will on others!

make a will

——You will be aware that

求生的意志

不要老想把自己的意愿强加于他人。

立遗嘱

将，会；好吗；……

• Grammar help you to read in sense groups

——You will master

Many small cultural groups live in places far away from modern cities. Some of these tribes have never had any communication outside of their small geographical areas. When they do contact the outside world, their lives usually change. Learning how to change without losing the best of their own cultures is a problem for them. How can primitive cultures learn to live in a technological world ？ How can they do this without becoming lost ？

意群

——Read in sense groups

Many small cultural groups ／ live in places ／ far away from modern cities. ／ Some of these tribes have never had ／ any communication ／ outside of their small geographical areas. ／ When they do contact ／ the outside world,／ their lives usually change. ／ Learning how to change／ without losing the best ／ of their own cultures ／ is a problem for them. ／ How can primitive cultures ／ learn to live ／ in a technological world ？／ How can they do this／ without becoming lost ？（ 18 个意群）

• 15 weeks (6th~20th)• 12 units (Unit 1~Unit 12)• 2 periods for a unit/ one unit a week

Course Arrangement in This Term

Your final score will be decided on how well you performed in the class. total mark 100% = final examination score 50% + daily performance 50% (attendance rate、 12 times' test)

• Section A You are expected to study this section in class. Do not preview. word pretest——text ——reading comprehension ——voc

abulary building (after class & checking)• Section B Try to finish them within 15 minutes. Do not preview.• Section C text (after class & checking)

Teaching procedures

when you come across a new word • you can figure out the meaning of an

unfamiliar word by looking for clues provided by context

• the meaning of many words will be clear from context

• the words or sentences before or after the item you do not know

Reading Skill: Context Clue to Word Meaning

the writer may give explanation aftersuch punctuation marks as comma(,),dash(－ ), or give explanation within parentheses.• Linguistics, the scientific study of language, is

very important for language students.• Some good readers find it helpful to use their

sense to visualize－ or picture－ what they read.

definition clues

the examples are usually signaled by certain words or phrases like such as, including, for example, for instance or to illustrate• Like horses, human beings have a variety of

gaits: they amble, stride, jog, and sprint.• Phobias, such as fear of height, fear of water, or

fear of crowds, can be eliminated through conditioning.

example clues

Semantic (about the meaning of words) relationships are helpful in guessing unknown words.

◆ Class relationship.

◆ Contrast relationship.

语义关系

◆ Class relationship 类属关系 或上下位关系

The higher-level term (A)

includes

the lower-level terms (B).

• Mr. Johnson's paintings show his attention to geometric shapes of all kinds. The paintings contain circles, squares, triangles, pirrles, etc.

geometric shapes (A)

pirrles

circles

squarestriangles

○

□

△

does not exist

some kind of geometric shape

… （ B ）

• There was no fllip seats available, so they had to buy expensive ones.

fllip : does not exist

cheap or inexpensive

◆ Contrast relationship

对比关系（运用反义词）

◆ Conclusion: useful but have some limitations : vague & general

★ Solution: mark the unknown words & look them up later

Unit 1Unit 1Unit 1Unit 1

University Student University Student LifeLife

Word Pretest

1. "You shall honor your father and mother" is the fifth commandment from the Bible.

commandment n. — any of the ten very important rules of behaviour which are stated in the Old Testament (= first part) of the Bible

（《圣经‧旧约》十诫中的）诫条 ; 规则

• command v./n. 命令，指示（ = order ）• commander n. 司令，指挥官

2. A cynic might think that the governor visited the hospital just to gain votes.

cynic n. — a person who believes that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere

愤世嫉俗的人；认为人皆自私者

• cynical a. 愤世嫉俗的 , 冷嘲热讽的• cynically ad.

3. The school offers a variety of extracurricular activities.

extracurricular a. — describes an activity or subject that is not part of the usual school or college course

（活动、主题等）课外的

• extracurricular activities

• school curriculum

4. She's the dean of the university's business school.

dean n. — someone in a university who is responsible for the organization of a department or departments

系主任；学院院长

5. We must all strive toward our goals.

strive v. (strove, striven) — to try very hard to do something or to make something happen

努力，奋斗，力争

• strive to do sth. / strive for sth.

6. Your computer needs regular maintenance to run smoothly.

maintenance n. — the work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in good condition

维修；养护，保养；保持

• maintain v.

7. The teacher tried to involve all the children in the game.

involve v. —to make them take part in or feel part of it, or to include someone or something in something

使参与 ；包括，涉及

• involve sb. in sth.

• involvement n.

8. The school tries to create an atmosphere conducive to learning.

conducive a. — if a situation is conducive to something such as work, rest etc, it provides conditions that make it easy for you to work

有助于，有益于

• be conducive to sth.

• conduce v.

• Freshman is a first-year student in college, university or high school.

• Sophomore is a second-year student. • Junior is a student in the third year.• Senior is a student in the last (usually fourth) year of

college, university.

TEXT A

Ten Commandments for a College Freshman

Dear J. B. As you know I am asked from time to time to talk

to high school students about college and how to prepare for it. Do you think something like the following would be helpful? I'm thinking of calling it: Ten Commandments for a College Freshman. Give me your ideas about it.

• I. You Shall Plan to Succeed.

• II. You Shall Handle Freedom Responsibly.

• III. You Shall Spread the Joy of Learning.

• IV. You Shall Play Down Those Reports on Sex

and Liquor.

• V. You Shall Plan to Have Fun — and Often.

• VI. You Shall Know at Least One Professor or One Dean Personally.

• VII. You Shall Be Concerned.

• VIII. You Shall Be Selective.

• IX. You Shall Strive to Keep Healthy.

• X. You Shall Forget and Remember.

• I. You Shall Plan to Succeed. Does this seem as obvious as the need for a

quarterback on the football team? I don't mean hope to succeed. I mean that success in college will be much more likely if you really draw up a schedule of hours for study, work, and play. Lay out your day and your week. Get in the habit in high school. This will be the secret of getting things done in college.

II. You Shall Handle Freedom Responsibly. No one is going to tell you when to get up, go to

eat, study, or go to bed. It's amazing that so many survive, and, of course, many don't. Freedom such as a student has at college is disastrous for that freshman who has little sense of responsibility.

• III. You Shall Spread the Joy of Learning. Learning is an exciting adventure as you have

already discovered in the best of your high school courses. Beware those who are "sent" to college, for they will be taking the attitude that education is the enemy of fun. Beware the cynics. They're on every campus and their reaction runs like this, "poor food, dorm is like a jail, dull professors, why did you come here?"

• IV. You Shall Play Down Those Reports on Sex and Liquor. Not every co-ed( （男女同校中的）女生 ) takes the

pill as routinely as most takes aspirin, and the extracurricular is not a perpetual beer party. Most fellows on campus are still looking for the girl they want to marry. When you read of students getting deadly drunk, remember you're getting a minority report.

• V. You Shall Plan to Have Fun — and Often. The world of academia has two extremes. On

any campus there's the playboy who can't get a book open or the body to the library, and there's the bookworm who never finds a moment to enjoy himself. You should expect to study in diligence, but the bookworm learns less than the fellow who knows how to make learning the main thing and still plays with enthusiasm.

• VI. You Shall Know at Least One Professor or One Dean Personally. Even at the risk of seeming to make yourself a bore! But

much more likely you will be welcomed as a student mature enough to relate to a mature person. Invite him for coffee; he might be surprised, but he'll go and he will be delighted by the invitation. At the small college this kind of relationship should come about readily, but often it doesn't. All the best universities are striving to make it happen more often.

• VII. You Shall Be Concerned. But not simply with war on the other side of the

world and the social causes of our day. Keep informed, and do what you think is right about these. But what about the cook, the campus maintenance crew, and the night watchman? Just say, "We students appreciate you," and someone will go through the day as though it were Christmas.

• VIII. You Shall Be Selective. Student government, dances, ball games, dates,

movies, etc., etc.! If you make them all, you're a loser; and if you miss them all, you're a failure. Don't spread yourself so thin that they would never miss you if you didn't show. But do choose a few, get involved, and get that good part of a college education which no classroom can ever provide.

• IX. You Shall Strive to Keep Healthy. It isn't sin, it's lack of sleep that ruins so many

college careers. Physical education is required and that will get the body exercised, but there's no requirement that you eat sensibly and keep hours conducive to vigor. You will see many students just too tired to play well or to study at all.

• X. You Shall Forget and Remember. Take some time to sit down with yourself and recall those

things of which you are ashamed and sorry — and then forget them. College is a new beginning. No one at college knows about that soiled baggage you've been carrying. Remember those relationships which have made life good. As a freshman, look back at those relationships which brought lasting joy and seek them again. Life is the fine art of forgetting — and remembering.

Well, there they are, J. B. What's missing and what needs to be said better? If you forget them all, do remember the love of all of us here.

Dad

Reading Comprehension

• 1. The writer of this letter is a very stern

father. • 2. One secret of succeeding in college is to plan

ahead of time. • 3. Freedom for a college student can be

dangerous if not handled responsibly. • 4. Education is the enemy of fun.

• 5. The father wants his playboy son to become a bookworm in college. • 6. Colleges and universities encourage the students to get to know their professors personally. • 7. A small thing, such as giving a friendly smile to a campus worker, can be just as important as your knowledge about the big world. • 8. Extracurricular activities are an important part of college education.

Vocabulary Building1.Word Match

• career          a profession or job

vigor        energy or strength

conducive             helpful

perpetual              lasting forever

consolidate  to strengthen        

Vocabulary Building

• assignment         homework

biological          of living things

flexible            not fixed

strenuous          stressful; requiring

effort and energy

master              overall

 

make out a master timetable for the term.

Vocabulary Building

• recreation         activities done for enjoyment estimate            to calculate

roughly enthusiasm          great

excitement for or interest in sth. priority            first concern relaxation          a way to rest

and enjoy yourself

Vocabulary Building, (1)

Key to the exercise: (p. 7)1. flexible 2. career 3. enthusiasm4. strenuous 5. priority 6. conducive7. vigor 8. recreations

Vocabulary Building

2.Suffixes• -ize作后缀• -ize(-ise) 可以加在名词或形容词的后面构成动

词，表示“照……样子做”、“按……方式处理”、“使成为……”、“变成……状态”、“……化”的意思。

• modern(现代的 )→modernize(现代化 )，• organ( 机构，组织 )→organize(组织，安排 )，• civil(文明的 )→civilize(使文明，变为文明 )，• system(系统 )→systemize(系统化 )，• normal(正常的 )→ normalize(使正常化 )，• equal(平等的 ) →equalize(使平等，使相等 )

Vocabulary Building• -ly作后缀

• 名词 +ly 构成的形容词 这一类形容词的词义一般可以从相应的名词的词义中推出来，意思是“具有…性质或特点的。

• manly （男子气概的） fatherly （父亲般的）brotherly （兄弟般的） cowardly （懦夫般的）ghostly （鬼一样的） orderly（整洁的）

Vocabulary Building, (2) Suffix

-ly adjective + -ly = adverb e. g. formally, foolishly, willingly,

quickly,

-ly noun + -ly = adjectivee. g. friendly, lovely, cowardly,

manly

Vocabulary Building, (2) Suffix

副词修饰动词 – 可放在动词前面或后面：– He always gets up early.

– walk slowly 、 run fast、work hard

– 或者 be 动词、情态动词或助动词后面。如：– He is seldom late for school. 他很少上学迟到。– He can never understand you. 他永远也理解不了

你。– I have never told lies to you. 我从未向你说过谎 。– 副词修饰形容词，放在形容词前面– very beautiful、 rather angry、 extremely good

Vocabulary Building, (2) Suffix

Key to the exercise: (p. 8)1. familiarize 2. visualize 3. merely 4. idealize 5. finalize 6. necessarily 7. physically 8. highly

Key to Cloze: (p. 9)1. conducive 2. their 3. respected4. professors 5. authority 6. role7. expect 8. need 9. several 10. changes

Every student needs a place to study. Some students like to study in the quiet atmosphere （氛围） of a library. Most school libraries have large study tables with many chairs. They also have lots of carrels. A carrel is a small table with “walls” around three sides. A carrel is for one person, so there is only one chair at each carrel. Other students prefer to study in their own rooms at home or in the dormitory. In their rooms, these students have a desk, some bookshelves, and perhaps a study lamp to provide good lighting. All students need comfortable chairs because they spend many hours sitting at their desks.

Students have different ideas about the best atmosphere for studying. Some students prefer one kind of lighting, one kind of table or desk, and one kind of chair. Other students prefer a different kind of lighting and furniture. Some students listen to music or study in groups. Other students need to be alone in a quiet room. In other words, there is not one best atmosphere for studying. There is a “best” atmosphere for each individual student.

（图书馆内备有书桌供一人用的） 小单间 , 图书馆卡座

Active Participation in the classroom is not only accepted but also expected of the student in many courses. Some professors base part of the final grade on the student's oral participation. Although there are formal lectures during which the student has a passive role (i.e., listening and taking notes), many courses are organized around classroom discussions, student questions, and informal lectures.

A professor's teaching style is another factor that determines the degree and type of student participation. Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. Many professors encourage students to question and challenge their ideas. Students who make statements that contradict the professor's point of view should be prepared to prove their positions.

Ideally, the teacher-student relationship at universities is characterized by trust. The ”honor system' demands that the student be honest in all areas of school work .Thus, cheating on tests, presenting others' ideas as original, and turning in homework done by someone else are all forbidden. Violation of the honor system can result in a student's failing a course, having a record of the violation placed in the student's school files, or even being driven out from the university. Students who cheat may lose the respect of other students, particularly those who study for exams and work independently. When leaving the classroom while students are taking an exam, an instructor may or may not say, “I expect you all to obey the honor system.” Even if the words are not stated, the student is expected to work alone and not to share answers.

As a university student, you are no longer forced to stay in school all day. Apart from your class time, you organize your own time and place for studying. You are there to study (an active process) rather than to be taught (passive). Your teachers may or may not urge you, but they do want you to share their interest in the subject and they want you to succeed. The teacher works as your coach or trainer. If you were to become a professional tennis player or musicians, you would expect your coach to look out for ways of improving your performance, and to criticize your work all the time; you would be silly to feel fed up about this ---- in fact you would sack your coach if s/he just said everything was fine. So if you get your work back with a poorer mark than you expected and with various criticisms, don't feel discouraged by this; if you don't understand what is wrong and how to improve, then ask your teacher to explain and don't be satisfied until you do understand.

Getting the Best Value for Time Are you satisfied with what you achieve in the hours spent studying or do you wonder where all the time has gone, without much to show for it?how hard are you really working? Here are some hints to help you make the most of your study time.

1.Effective Learning

1.Review lecture notes as soon after a lecture as possible. Half an hour spent while the lecture is still fresh in your mind will do more to help you to develop an understanding of what you have heard and remember it than twice the time later on. It can be helpful to go over new work with other students to check that you have grasped all the points.2.If you have been given an essay or assignment to do, note accurately what is required and start it when your memory of it is clear.3.Revise and review regulrly. Set regular weekly times to review the work in each course. This revision should be cumulative—adding a bit to the total at a time ,covering briefly all the work done so far in the term.

4.When you revise, space out the time devoted to any one topic. You will learn more in six one-hour periods spread over one week than in one six-hour period.5.Limit your blocks of study to 2 hours on any one topic or type of work. After 1.5 to 2 hours of intensive study you begin to tire and concentration weakens. Take a break at some "achievement point“ and then changing to another part of the course or another type of work will provide the change necessary to keep up your efficiency.6.Find out the best times for working for yourself. Some times may be better than others for different types of work and also for your own biological clock ；if you tend to feel sleepy in the afternoon, this may not be the best time to try to read history or work out math problems .You may think that working into the early hours suits you, but does it fit in with an early class next morning? You are likely to feel tired next day and so gain nothing!

2.Practical Steps 1. Plan a program of balanced activities. University life has many aspects which are important for getting full benefit from your time here. Some activities have fixed time requirements, others are more flexible (e.g. recreation, relaxation, study time, personal matters, eating, and sleeping).2. Plan how you will use your study time. Knowing what you are going to do and when saves a lot of time spent on making decisions, false starts, retracing your steps to get the books you need, etc. Commit yourself to studying a particular assignment at a particular time. 3. Study at a regular time and in a regular place. You will learn to associate that time and place with working. This is after all what the world’s workers have to do.4. Trade time and don’t steal it. When something unexpected happens and takes up time you had planned for study, decide immediately how you can make up the study missed.5. Give yourself rewards for work completed on time（ e.g. two-hour solid work=a cup of tea or coffee; essay completed=one-hour TV. After a strenuous evening finishing an essay or a set of problems, allow yourself “unwinding time” before bed.

3.Planning Time Working out a timetable will not turn you into a perfectly efficient

person, but having a plan and sticking to it for a few weeks can help you to form better study habits and actually to save time, so that in the end you have more free time than before. Here is a way to plan your time which is flexible and practical.

1. Make out a master timetable for the term, marking your fixed commitments only: classes, society meetings, sports, etc. Make it clear and attractive, as you will have to look at it for a long time.

2. Draw up a weekly work program based on your present work assignments and study commitments: take a blank postcard or file card and divide it up, and then list:

a. your work assignments and study commitment for the week; b. estimated amount of time needed for each of these; c. dates when the work is due for when it is to be done. include routine

reading and revising as well as set work.

Put it in a prominent, or noticeable, place in your room, or carry it with you. A good time to prepare this might be Sunday evening as you plan the week ahead. 3. Make a daily “shopping list” of things you have to do next day and when you will do them. Use a small card which can be put into a pocket where it is easily found. The best time to prepare this is before going to bed. Include everything you have to do next day, not just work but posting a friend’s birthday card , going to the launderette, etc. Having prepared your cards and planned out your work, stick to your program. Cross out each item as you deal with it. If you give study hours top priority, the remaining hours will be really free.

Key to Section B: (p. 10-11)1. D 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. D

Key to Section C: (p. 14)1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A