University of Edinburgh

School of Social and Political Science

Democratisation and Europeanisation in Central and Eastern Europe

PLIT10086

Course Guide

Semester 1, 2012-2013

Convenor:Dr. Valentyna Romanova

2.13, Chrystal Macmillan BuildingEmail: V.Romanova@ed.ac.uk

Course secretary:Ruth Winkle

1.11 Chrystal Macmillan BuildingTel: +44 (0)131 650 4253

Email: Ruth.Winkle@ed.ac.uk

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Welcome to Democratisation and Europeanisation in Central and Eastern Europe (DECEE)

DECEE welcomes students who are interested in investigating democratisation and Europeanisation inside and outside the European Union since 1989 till nowadays.  The course investigates the following question: What is the correlation between European integration and state- and nation building in CEE? To what extent do post-communist legacies affect the trajectories of democratisation in CEE? What are the core differences and similarities between the EU enlargement and neighbourhood policies? The course is convened by Dr. Valentyna Romanova. Meetings regarding any course-related queries can be arranged by email.

Course aims and Objectives

Aims: The course’s main aims are to provide you with a critical understanding of: theoretical approaches towards understanding democratisation and Europeanization in

CEE; domestic state architectures, party politics, and elections in CEE states; the logic of state- and nation building in CEE inside and outside the EU; the theory and practice of the EU enlargement and neighbourhood policies.

Objectives: By the end of the course, it is expected that you will demonstrate the knowledge of: the challenges and stimulus to democratisation in CEE inside and outside the EU; the essence of post-communist legacies and their effects in CEE; the interplay between state- and nation-building and European integration in CEE; the ways how the EU promotes good governance in CEE.

Learning Outcomes:By the end of the course, you will: deepen your understanding of democratisation in the diverse and fast-changing region of

CEE; critically apply theories and concepts from political science and international relations

while analysing democratisation in CEE inside and outside the EU; engage with the leading academic debates on what variables stimulate and challenge

democratisation in CEE; sharpen your skills of developing and presenting your arguments individually and in team.

Class timesThis course is taught through one lecture and one tutorial per week. Lectures are held on Monday at 9am in Seminar Room 2, Chrystal Macmillan Building. Tutorials are held on Monday at 11am in Room 9.01, David Hume Tower; on Monday at 1pm in G.14 Seminar Room, Medical School, Teviot; on Monday at 5pm in Seminar Room G5, Appleton Tower. Please sign up for one of the tutorial sessions via LEARN.Tutorials start on week 2.

Course Assessment

You are expected to attend all tutorials.The course has two components of assessment:

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1. an individual presentation, delivered in class and submitted in writing (1,000 words, Microsoft Word) (15%),

2. an essay of 3,500 words (85%)

Individual presentations

Each tutorial suggests two core readings, as well as further readings. You should read both core readings and at least one further reading from the list. Each tutorial two of you will be asked to make an individual presentation of a particular core reading. Please assign for your individual presentations by Week 2. Individual presentations should be oral and last for 10 minutes. Individual presentations will be followed by discussions. These questions will allow you to improve your work, if necessary.

Presentations must be submitted as a hard copy AND electronically by 12 NOON on 12 November 2012.

A perfect written presentation would demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of the chosen topic and present the argument convincingly. It would be well-structured and clear. Writing and referencing would be of a high standard.

Essays

Here are 5 pre-assigned research questions for your essays:1. What factors have stimulated and constrained the consolidation of democratic rule in

CEE inside and outside the EU?2. Compare and contrast the extent to which the design of government institutions has

affected democratic performance in CEE inside and outside the EU.3. What factors have stimulated and constrained the formation of party systems in CEE

inside and outside the EU?4. To what degree has regionalism affected territorial reforms in CEE?5. Examine comparatively the extent to which European integration has stimulated

democratisation in CEE inside and outside the EU.

You are strongly advised to use a comparative method in your essays and to choose cases from both inside and outside the EU.

Essays must be submitted as a hard copy AND electronically by 12 NOON on 5 November 2012.

Essays will normally be returned within three working weeks of their deadlines with both comments and a mark.

The mark for coursework is provisional, since coursework may also be seen by the External Examiners and the mark may sometimes be amended.

Please see the ‘Honours Handbook’ for further information on submission of coursework; ‘Late Penalty Waivers’; plagiarism; learning disabilities, special circumstances; common marking descriptors, re-marking procedures and appeals

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Course Programme

Week 1. Lecture: General introduction to the course and a lecture on Democratisation and EuropeanisationNO TUTORIALS

Week 2. Lecture: Post-Communist Legacies in CEETutorial: How do post-communist legacies affect the trajectories of democratisation?

Week 3. Lecture: Domestic state architectures in CEETutorial: Political regimes in CEE

Week 4. Lecture: State- and nation-building in CEETutorial: The role of regionalism in state- and nation-building in CEE

Week 5. Lecture: Territorial reforms in new EU member states Tutorial: Territorial reforms in Eastern Europe outside the EU Week 6. Lecture: The formation of party systems in CEETutorial: ‘Parties of power’ and oppositional parties in CEE

Week 7. Lecture: National and regional elections in CEETutorial: Voting behavior and turnout in CEE

Week 8. Lecture: Electoral rules and electoral systems in CEETutorial: Political culture in CEE

Week 9. Lecture: EU enlargement and democratisationTutorial: The European Neighborhood Policies, the Eastern Partnership

Week 10.Lecture: Russian foreign policy and democratisation in CEE Tutorial: ‘Colour revolutions’: between East and West

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Key Texts

Rustow, D. (1970) Transition to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model, Comparative Politics, 2(3): 337-363.

Linz, J. and A. Stepan (1996) Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

O’Donnell, G. and P. Schmitter (1986) Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Outhwaite W. (2009), Europe Beyond East and West. In: Rumford C, ed. Handbook of European Studies. London: Sage.

Vachudova, M. (2005), Europe undivided: democracy, leverage and integration after communism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pop-Eleches, G. (2007), “Historical Legacies and Post-Communist Regime Change”, The Journal of Politics, 69: 4, pp. 908–926.

Birch, S. (2003), Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe, New York : Palgrave Macmillan.

Bochsler, D. (2010), Territory and Electoral Rules in Post-Communist Democracies. Palgrave Macmillan.

Pridham, G. (2005), Designing democracy: EU enlargement and regime change in post-communist Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Haughton, T. (2007), “When Does the EU Make a Difference? Conditionality and the Accession Process in Central and Eastern Europe”, Political Studies Review, 5: 233–246.

The journals Europe-Asia Studies and Journal of Democracy regularly carry material relevant to the course. Other useful journals include: British Journal of Political Science, Political Studies, Journal of Politics, Post-Soviet Affairs, Slavic Review, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics.

Week 1. 17 September 2012

Lecture: General introduction to the course and a lecture on Democratisation and Europeanisation

This lecture will provide an overview of course learning outcomes and administration. It will clarify the leading theoretical and conceptual frames for analysing Europeanization in CEE.

No tutorials this week

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Readings

Buller, J. and A. Gamble (2002), ‘Conceptualising Europeanisation’, Public Policy and Administration, 17 (4).

Kopecky, P. and C. Mudde (2000), What has Eastern Europe taught us about the democratisation literature (and vice versa)? European Journal of Political Research, 37: 517–539.

Rustow, D. (1970) Transition to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model, Comparative Politics, 2(3): 337-363.

Schedler, A. (1998) ‘How should we study democratic consolidation?’, Democratization, 5(4): 1-19.

Carothers, T. (2002) ‘The end of the transition paradigm’, Journal of Democracy, 13(1).

Gans-Morse, J. (2004) ‘Searching for Transitologists: Contemporary Theories of Post-Communist Transitions and the Myth of a Dominant Paradigm’ Post-Soviet Affairs 20(4): 320-349.

King, C. (2000) ‘Post-Postcommunism: Transition, Comparison and the End of “Eastern Europe”’, World Politics, 53: 143-172.

Cameron, D. (2007) ‘Post-Communist Democracy: The Impact of the European Union’, Post Soviet Affairs, 23 (3): 185-217.

Week 2. 24 September 2012

Lecture: Post-Communist Legacies in CEE

The lecture will explain the theory and practice of post-communist legacies, using the cases from CEE. It will clarify the challenges of the communist past for the state in society in CEE.

Core-Readings

Pop-Eleches, G. (2007), ‘Historical Legacies and Post-Communist Regime Change’, The Journal of Politics, 69 (4): 908–926.

Kopstein, J. (2003) Postcommunist Democracy: Legacies and Outcomes, Comparative Politics, 35 2.

Tutorial: How do post-communist legacies affect the trajectories of democratisation?

The tutorial will investigate the correlation between similar post-communist legacies and different trajectories of democratisation in CEE.

Further Readings

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Darden, K. and A. Grzymala-Busse, (2006) "The Great Divide: Precommunist Schooling andPostcommunist Trajectories," World Politics, 59 1

Badescu, G. and P. Sum (2005) “Historical Legacies, Social Capital and Civil Society: Comparing Romania on a Regional Level,” Europe-Asia Studies. 57 1, 117-133.

Roper, S. amd F. Fesnic (2003) Historical Legacies and Their Impact on Post-Communist Voting Behaviour, Europe-Asia Studies, 55, 1, 119–131.

Welsh, H. (1994) Political Transition Processes in Central and Eastern Europe, Comparative Politics, 26(4): 379-394.

Arpad, S. and A. Horvath (1991) ‘Political Instructors and the Decline of Communism in Hungary: Apparatus, Nomenclatura and the Issue of Legacy’, British Journal of Political Science, 21(4); 469-488.

Roberts, A. (2006) What kind of democracy is emerging in Eastern Europe? Post-Soviet Affairs, 22(1): 37-64.

Ágh, A. (1993) The `Comparative Revolution' and the Transition in Central and Southern Europe, Journal of Theoretical Politics, 5(2): 231-252. Bunce, V. and J. Echols (1979) 'From Soviet Studies to Comparative Studies: The Unfinished Revolution', Soviet Studies, 31(1): 43-55.

McSweeney, D. And C. Tempest (1993) The Political Science of Democratic Transition in Eastern Europe, Political Studies, 41 (3): 408–419.

Week 3. 1 October 2012

Lecture: Domestic state architectures in CEE

The lecture will examine political systems and institutional settings in CEE inside and outside the EU. How are political systems formed and changed in CEE? What makes them similar or different?

Tutorial: Political regimes in CEE

The tutorial will compare political regimes in CEE and explain their dynamics in a comparative perspective. Questions to investigate include: ‘What are political regimes and how do they change?’ ‘What makes political regimes similar or different in CEE?’ ‘Does the EU affect political regime changes in Eastern Europe outside the EU?’

Core readings

Kitschelt, H. (1992) Political Regime Change: Structure and Process-Driven Explanations? The American Political Science Review, 86 (4): 1028-1034.

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Way, L. (2005) Authoritarian State Building and the Sources of Regime Competitiveness in the Fourth Wave: The Cases of Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine, World Politics, 57(2): 231-261.

Further Readings

Kornai, J. (2006) The great transformation of Central Eastern Europe. Success and disappointment, Economics of Transition, 14 (2): 207–244.

Duverger, M. (1980) "A New Political System Model: Semi-presidential Government." European Journal of Political Research, No. 8.

Hale, H. (2010) The uses of divided power. Journal of Democracy, 21(3): 84-98.

Hale, H. (2010) ‘Eurasian polities as hybrid regimes: The case of Putin's Russia’, Journal of Eurasian Studies, 1(1).

Crowther, W. (2010) Introduction: Contemporary Romanian Politics, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 43: 1-5.

Fish, S. (2006) Stronger Legislatures, Stronger Democracies, Journal of Democracy, 17(1): 5-20.

Anderson, C. and C. Guillory (1997) Political Institutions and Satisfaction with Democracy: A Cross-National Analysis of Consensus and Majoritarian Systems, The American Political Science Review, 91(1): 66-81.

Offe, K., Elster, J., Preuss, U. (1998) Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies: Rebuilding the Ship at Sea. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Easter, G. (1997) Preference For Presidentialism: Postcommunist Regime Change in Russia and the NIS, World Politics, 49(2): 184-211.

Bafoil, F. (2009) Central and Eastern Europe: Europeanisation and social change, Palgrave Macmillan.

Rose R. and W. Mishler (1994) Mass Reaction to Regime Change in Eastern Europe: Polarization or Leaders and Laggards? British Journal of Political Science, 24: 159-182.

Allina-Pisano, J. (2010) Social contracts and authoritarian projects in post-Soviet space: The use of administrative resource, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 43: 373–382.

Sakwa, R. (2010) ‘The Dual State in Russia’, Post-Soviet Affairs, 26(3), July-September.

Przeworski, A. (1991) Democracy and the market political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, Cambridge University Press, 210 p.

Week 4. 8 October 2012

Lecture: State- and nation-building in CEE

This lecture will investigate the ways of understanding nation- and state building and explain their application in the context of CEE. Do the principles of nation- and state building differ

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inside and outside the EU? What is the interplay between external and internal factors of nation- and state building?

Tutorial: The role of regionalism in state- and nation-building in CEE

The tutorial will investigate the role of regionalism in state- and nation-building in CEE in a comparative perspective. Firstly, it will clarify its role in Western and Eastern Europe. Secondly, it will dig into the contemporary academic debate on how regionalism affects during state- and nation-building, on the one hand, and democratisation, on the other hand.

Core Readings

Linz, J. (1993), “State building and nation building”, European Review, 1: 355-369.

Stepan, A. (2005) Ukraine: Improbable Democratic “Nation-State” But Possible Democratic “State-Nation”? Post-Soviet Affairs, 21(4): 279–308.

Further Readings

O'Dwyer, C. (2004) Runaway State Building: How Political Parties Shape States in Postcommunist Eastern Europe, World Politics, 56(4): 520-553.

Sasse, G. (2010) The Role of Regionalism, Journal of Democracy, 21 (3): 99-106.

Stepan, A. (1994)  "When Democracy and the Nation State are Competing Logics, Reflections on Estonia",  Journal of European Sociology,  XXXV,  pp. 127-141.

D'anieri, P. (2007): Ethnic Tensions and State Strategies: Understanding the Survival of the Ukrainian State, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 23(1): 4-29.

Rodgers, P. (2006) 'Understanding regionalism and the politics of identity in Ukraine's Eastern Borderlands', Nationalities Papers, 34(2): 157-174.

Shulman, S. (2006) Cultural comparisons and their consequences for nationhood in Ukraine, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 39: 247-263.

Scully, R. and R. W. Jones (2010) Europe, Regions and European Regionalism, Palgrave Macmillan. Chapters 10, 11, 12, 13.

Brubaker, R. (1996) Nationalism Reframed, Nationhood and the National Question in the New Central Europe,  Cambridge University Press, pp. 43-59.

Bechev D., (2004) Contested Borders, Contested Identity: The Case of Regionalism in South East Europe, Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4(1): 77-96. (LEARN)

Fukuyama, F. (2004) The Imperative of State-Building, Journal of Democracy, 15(2): 17-31.

Batt, J. and K. Wolczuk (eds) (2002) Regions, State and Identity in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Frank Cass.

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Sasse, G. (2007) The Crimea Question: Identity, Transition, and Conflict. Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University.

March, L. (2007) From Moldovanism to Europeanization?:  Moldova's Communists and Nation-building, Nationalities Papers, 35(4): 601-625.

Week 5. 15 October 2012

Lecture: Territorial reforms in new EU member states

The lecture will investigate the causes and consequences of territorial reforms in new EU member states. To what extent are these reforms driven from bottom-up (domestic sub-state agencies) or inspired from top-down (domestic political actors in the centre)? What is the role of the EU (international supra-national body) in this regard?

Tutorial: Territorial reforms in Eastern Europe outside the EU

The tutorial will discuss territorial reforms in Eastern Europe outside the EU. It will compare territorial reforms in a federation and in a unitary state. In particular, the investigation will cover the following dimensions: intergovernmental relations and the politics of self-rule.

Core Readings

Ross, C. (2010) ‘Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations in Russia’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Special Issue: Federalism and Inter-governmental Relations in Russia, 26(2): 165-187.

Romanova, V. (2011) 'The Role of Centre-Periphery Relations in the 2004 Constitutional Reform in Ukraine', Regional & Federal Studies, 21(3): 321-339.

Further Readings

Bruszt, László (2008) 'Multi-level Governance—the Eastern Versions: Emerging Patterns of Regional Developmental Governance in the New Member States', Regional & Federal Studies, 18(5): 607 — 627.

Matsuzato, K. (2001) ‘From Communist Boss Politics to Post-Communist Caciquismo: The Meso-Elite and Meso-Governments in Post-Communist Countries’, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 34: 175-201.

Wolczuk, K. (2002), ‘Catching up with “Europe”? Constitutional Debates on the Territorial-Administrative Model in Independent Ukraine’, Regional and Federal Studies, 12(2): 65-88.

Ross C. (ed) (2009) Local Politics and Democratisation in Russia, BASEES Series on Russian and East European Studies (London: Routledge), 270 pp.

Ross C. and A. Campbell (2009) Federalism and Local Politics in Russia, BASEES Series on Russian and East European Studies (London: Routledge), 306 pp.

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Marks, G, L Hooghe, A Schakel (2007), ‘Patterns of Regional Authority’, Regional and Federal Studies, 18/2-3. OR Hooghe, L., Marks, G. and Schakel, A. (2010) The Rise of Regional Authority: A Comparative Study of 42 Countries. London: Routledge.

Bitušıková, A. (2002), Slovakia: an anthropological perspective on regional reform, Regional and Federal Studies, 12 (2): 41–64.

Baun M, Marek D (2006) "Regional policy and decentralisation in the Czech Republic", Regional and Federal Studies, 16: 409 – 428.

Ferry, Martin (2003) 'The EU and recent regional reform in Poland', Europe-Asia Studies, 55 (7): 1097 - 1116.

Ilona, I. Pálné Kovács, Paraskevopoulos, C. J. and Horváth, Gy.(2004) 'Institutional 'legacies' and the shaping of regional governance in Hungary', Regional & Federal Studies, 14 (3): 430-460.

Matsuzato, K. (2002) ‘The Last Bastion of Unitarism? Local Institutions, Party Politics, and Ramifications of EU Accession in Lithuania’, Eurasian Geography and Economics, 43(5): 383-410.

Hughes J, Sasse G, Gordon C (2004), "Conditionality and compliance in the EU's eastward enlargement: regional policy and the reform of sub-national government", Journal of Common Market Studies, 42: 523 – 551.

O’Dwyer, C. (2006), ‘Reforming Regional Governance in East Central Europe: Europeanization or Domestic Politics as Usual’, East European Politics and Societies, 20 (2): 219–253.

Ferry, M. and Mcmaster, I. (2005) 'Implementing structural funds in Polish and Czech regions: convergence, variation, empowerment?', Regional & Federal Studies, 15(1): 19-39.

Mcmaster, I. (2006) 'Czech regional development agencies in a shifting institutional landscape', Europe-Asia Studies, 58 (3): 347-370.

Marek, D., Baun, M., (2002) The EU as a Regional Actor: The Case of the Czech Republic, Journal of Common Market Studies, 40 (5): 895–919.

Yoder, J. (2003) ‘Decentralisation and Regionalisation after Communism: Administrative and Territorial Reform in Poland and the Czech Republic’, Europe-Asia Studies, 55 (2): 263-286.

Ágha, A. (2010), Regionalisation as a Driving Force of EU Widening: Recovering from the EU 'Carrot Crisis' in the 'East', Europe-Asia Studies, 62(8): 1239-1266.

Week 6: 22 October 2012

Lecture: The formation of party systems in CEE

The lecture will examine the process of the formation of party systems in CEE. Firstly, the comparative perspective will include Western Europe, on the one hand, and CEE, on the other hand. Secondly, the lecture will investigate the factors that stimulate the formation of party systems in CEE in a comparative perspective.

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Tutorial: ‘Parties of power’ and oppositional parties in CEE

The key question of the tutorial is ‘Do parties stimulate or constrain the consolidation of the democratic rule in CEE and by what means?’ Firstly, we will clarify the principles of party politics in CEE outside the EU. What are ‘parties of power’? What are ‘administrative resources’? Secondly, we will analyse the dynamics of party politics. How do parties change in CEE outside the EU?

Core readings

Grzymala-Busse, A. (2006) Authoritarian determinants of democratic party competition. The Communist Successor Parties in East Central Europe, Party Politics 12(3): 415–437.

Van Biezen, I. (2005) On the theory and practice of party formation and adaptation in new democracies, European Journal of Political Research 44: 147–174.

Further readings

McAllister, I. and S. White, (2007) ‘Political parties and democratic consolidation in post-communist societies’, Party Politics, 13(2)

Vachudova, A., Hooghe, L. (2009), “Postcommunist politics in a magnetic field: How transition and EU accession structure party competition on European integration”, Comparative European Politics, 7: 179–212.

Gel’man, V. (2008) ‘Party Politics in Russia: From Competition to Hierarchy’, Europe-Asia Studies, 60(6).

March, L. (2009) Managing opposition in a hybrid regime: Just Russia and parastatal opposition, Slavic Review, 68(3): 504-527.

March, L. (2006) Power and Opposition in the Former Soviet Union: The Communist Parties of Moldova and Russia, Party Politics, 12(3): 341-365.

Meleshevich, A. (2007) Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries A Comparative Study of Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine, Publisher: Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kuzio, T. (2008) Comparative Perspectives on Communist successor parties in Central-Eastern Europe and Eurasia, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 41: 397-419.

Bochsler, D. 2010. The Nationalisation of Post-Communist Party Systems, Europe-Asia Studies, 62 (5): 807-27.

Horowitz, S. and E. Browne (2005) ‘Sources of post-communist party system consolidation: ideology versus institutions’, Party Politics, 11(6).

Bielasiak, J. (2005) ‘Party competition in emerging democracies: representation and effectiveness in postcommunism and beyond’, Democratization, 12(3).

Zielinski, J. (2002) ‘Translating social cleavages into party systems’, World Politics, 54(2).

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Lewis, P. (2008). Party system institutionalisation in east-central Europe: empirical dimensions and tentative conclusions. In: Joint Sessions of European Consortium for Political Research, 11-16 April 2008, Rennes, France. (LEARN)

Linek, L. and Š. Pecháček (2007) ‘Low membership in Czech political parties: party strategy or structural determinants?’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 23(2).

Maria, S. (2005) ‘Political parties in Bulgaria: organizational trends in comparative perspective’, Party Politics, 11(5).

Webb, P. and S. White (eds) (2007) Party Politics in New Democracies, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kopecky, P. (ed.) (2008) Political Parties and the State in Post-Communist Europe, New York: Routledge.

Week 7. 29 October 2012

Lecture: National and regional elections in CEE

This lecture will specify the role of national and regional elections in CEE (1989-nowadays). Do both equally matter for democratisation? Do both equally matter for academics? The lecture will present theoretical approaches towards identifying electoral democracies and democratic elections.

Tutorial: Voting behavior and turnout in CEE

Core readings:

Tucker, J. (2002) The First Decade od Post-Communist Elections and Voting: What Have We Studied, and How Have We Studied It? Annual Review of Political Science, 5: 271–304.

Pacek, A, Pop-Eleches, G, and J. Tucker (2009) Disenchanted or Discerning: Voter Turnout in Post-Communist Countries, The Journal of Politics, 71(2): 473–491.

Further Readings

Roper, S. and F. Fesnic (2003) Historical Legacies and Their Impact on Post-Communist Voting Behaviour, Europe-Asia Studies, 55(1): 119-131.

Bunce, V. and S. Wolchik (2006) International diffusion and postcommunist electoral revolutions, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 39: 283-304.

Owen, A. and Tucker, J. (2010), Past is still present: Micro-level comparisons of conventional vs. transitional economic voting in three Polish elections, Electoral Studies 29: 25–39.

Tucker, J. (2006) Regional Economic Voting: Russia, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, 1990-1999. New York University, Series: Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Chapter 9.

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Shabad, G. and Slomczynski, K. (2011) Voters’ perceptions of government performance and attributions of responsibility: Electoral control in Poland, Electoral Studies, 30: 309–320.

Bielasiak, J. (2002) ‘The institutionalization of electoral and party systems in post-communist states’, Comparative Politics, 34(2).

Tavits, M. (2005) ‘The development of stable party support: electoral dynamics in post-communist Europe’, American Journal of Political Science, 49(2).

Lutz, G. and M. Marsh (2007) ‘Introduction: Consequences of Low Turnout’. Electoral Studies 26: 539–547.

Szczerbiak, A. and P. Taggart (2005) EU Enlargement and Referendums. London: Routledge.

Blais, A. (2006) What Affects Voter Turnout? Annual Review of Political Science, 9: 111–25.

Bell, J. (1997), Unemployment Matters: Voting Patterns during the Economic Transition in Poland, 1990-1995, Europe-Asia Studies 49, 1263-91.

Pacek, A. C. (1994), Macroeconomic Conditions and Electoral Politics in East Central Europe, American Journal of Political Science 38, 723-44.

European Parliament. 2009. “Turnout at the European elections (1979-2009).” Available fromhttp://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/archive/elections2009/en/turnout_en.html

Week 8. 5 November 2012

Lecture: Electoral rules and electoral systems in CEE

The lecture aims at clarifying how electoral rules affect democratisation. This causal link is especially crucial for new democracies in CEE. We will investigate the interplay between electoral reforms and party system stability, on the one hand, and the territorial effects of electoral systems, on the other hand.

Tutorial: Political culture in CEE

This tutorial is focused on political culture in CEE. Firstly, we will clarify the interplay between political cultures and democratisation. Secondly, we will discuss what are state-wide and sub-state political cultures.

Core Readings

Whitefield, S. and Evans, G. (1999) Political culture vs Rational choice: Explaining responses to transition in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, British Journal of Political Science, 29: 129-155.

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Drummond, A. and Lubecki, J. (2010) 'Reconstructing Galicia: Mapping the Cultural and Civic Traditions of the Former Austrian Galicia in Poland and Ukraine', Europe-Asia Studies, 62(8): 1311-1338.

Further Readings

Almond, G., and Verba, S. (1963). The Civic Culture, Princeton University Press, Princeton.

Brown, A., and Gray, J. (eds.). (1977). Political Culture and Political Change in Communist States, Macmillan, London.

Hahn, J.W. (1991) Continuity and change in Russian political culture, BJPS, 21: 393–421.

Plasser, F., and Pribersky, A. (eds.), Political Culture in East Central Europe, Avebury, Aldershot.

Fuchs, D. and J. Zielonka (2006) Democracy and political culture in Eastern Europe, Routledge.

Laffan, B. (1996) The Politics of Identity and Political Order in Europe, Journal of Common Market Studies, 34(1).

Fleron, F. (1996) Post-Soviet Political Culture in Russia: An Assessment of Recent Empirical Investigations, Europe-Asia Studies, 48(2): 225-260.

Loner, E. and Pierangelo, P. (2009) 'Ethnic Identification in the Former Soviet Union: Hypotheses and Analyses', Europe-Asia Studies, 61(8): 1341-1370.

Kulyk, V. (2011) Language identity, linguistic diversity and political cleavages: evidence fromUkraine, Nations and Nationalism, 17 (3): 627–648.

Smith Anthony D. (1992) National Identity and the Idea of European Unity, International Affairs, 68(1): 55-76.

Katchanovski I. (ed) (2006) Cleft Countries: Regional political divisions and cultures in Post-Soviet Unkraine and Moldova, Stuttgart.

H-D Klingemann, D Fuchs and J Zielonka (eds.) Democracy and Political Culture in Eastern Europe, Oxford: Routledge, 2006.

Fuchs, Dieter, Edeltraud Roller, "Cultural Conditions of Transition to Liberal Democracies in Central and Eastern Europe", in: Samuel H. Barnes, János Simon (Hg.), The Postcommunist Citizen, Budapest: Central European University Press 1998, S. 35-77 

Birch, S. (2003) Electoral Systems and Political Transformation in Post-Communist Europe. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Tucker, J. (2010) New Approaches to Electoral Volatility: Evidence from Postcommunist Countries, chapter (LEARN).

Herron, E. (2007) State Institutions, Political Context and Parliamentary Election Legislation in Ukraine, 2000–2006, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 23(1): 57-76.

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Week 9. 12 November 2012

Lecture: EU enlargement and democratisation

The lecture investigates the policies of the EU enlargement: the EU conditionality, the respective pre-accession and accession programmes, as well as Structural Funds policies. The lecture explains how these policies were applied in new member states in a comparative perspective.

Tutorial: The European Neighborhood Policies, the Eastern Partnership

The objective of the tutorial is to clarify how the EU affects democratization in Easten Europe via the European Neighbourhood Policies, the Eastern Partnership. Firstly, we will explain the principles of these policies. Secondly, we will investigate their application.

Core Readings

Gänzle, S. (2009) 'EU Governance and the European Neighbourhood Policy: A Framework for Analysis', Europe-Asia Studies, 61(10): 1715-1734.

Zaiotti R. (2007) Of Friends and Fences: Europe’s Neighbourhood Policy and the „Gated Community Syndrome, Journal of European Integration, 29(2): 143-162.

Further Readings

Brusis, M. Between EU Requirements, Competitive Politics, and National Traditions: Re-creating Regions in the Accession Countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 15(4), 531–559.

Marks G, (1993) Structural Policy and Multilevel Governance in the EC, in Alan Cafruny and Glenda Rosenthal, eds., The State of the European Community, (New York: Lynne Rienner,), 391-410, available from http://www.unc.edu/~gwmarks/research_papers.php.

Hughes, J., Sasse, G & Gordon, C. (2004), Europeanization and Regionalization in the EU's. Enlargement to Central and Eastern Europe. The Myth of Conditionality. Palgrave Macmillan.Haughton, T. (2007) When Does the EU Make a Difference? Conditionality and the Accession Process in Central and Eastern Europe, Political Studies Review, 5: 233–246.

Cameron, D. (2007) Post-Communist Democracy: The Impact of the European Union, Post-Soviet Affairs, 23(3): 185-217.

Kochenov, D. (2011) New developments in the European Neighbourhood Policy: Ignoring the problems,Comparative European Politics, 9: 581–595.

Foreign Policy in Dialogue, The New Neighbourhood Policy of the European Union, Perspectives from the European Commission, France, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Moldova (LEARN)

Kapusniak, T. and N. Shapovalova (2011) Is Poland still committed to the Eastern neighbourhood? Fride, 29 August (LEARN)

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Kubicek, P. (2005) The European Union and democratisation in Ukraine, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 38: 269-292.

Emerson, M. (2011) East goes right, South goes left (LEARN)

Zaiotti R. (2007) Of Friends and Fences: Europe’s Neighbourhood Policy and the „Gated Community Syndrome, Journal of European Integration, 29(2): 143-162.

Derhachov, O. (2007) Ukraine’s Position on European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and Prospects for Cooperation with the EU, ENP Country Reports (LEARN)

Boonstra, J. (2011) Moldova: an EU success story? Fride, 31 August, (LEARN)

Tucker, J., Pacek, A. and A. Berinsky, (2002) “Transitional Winners and Losers: Attitudes Toward EU Membership in Post-Communist Countries." American Journal of Political Science 46 3, 557-71.

Documents on the ENP:

http://ec.europa.eu/world/enp/index_en.htm

http://www.enpi-info.eu/main.php?id=344&id_type=2

http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/index_en.htm

Week 10. 19 November 2012

Lecture: Russian foreign policy and democratisation in CEE

The lecture discusses how political, economic and cultural relations with Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States influence democratisation processes in CEE. What are the instruments of this influence? The case study is Russian energy policy.

Tutorial: ‘Colour revolutions’: between East and West

The tutorial will identify the main dimensions of ‘colour revolutions’: (a) the electoral dimension; (b) party politics; (c) civil society; (d) IR. We will refer to the most recent political developments in Russia in this regard.

Core Readings

March, L. and G. Herd (2006) Moldova Between Europe and Russia: Inoculating against the Colored Contagion? Post-Soviet Affairs, 22(4): 349-379.

Wilson, J. (2009) ‘Coloured Revolutions: The View from Moscow and Beijing’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 25(2 & 3): 369 –395.

Further Readings

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Silitski, V. (2010) “Survival of the fittest:” Domestic and international dimensions of the authoritarian reaction in the former Soviet Union following the colored revolutions, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 43: 339–350.

White, S. (2009) ‘Is There a Pattern?’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 25 (2 & 3): 396-412.

Hale, H. (2005) ‘Regime Cycles, Democracy, Autocracy, and Revolution in Post-Soviet Eurasia’, World Politics, 58(1): 133-165.

McFaul, M. (2005) ‘Transitions from Post-Communism’, Journal of Democracy, 16(3): 5–19.

Kuzio, T. (2007) ‘Ukraine's Orange Revolution: Rush to Judgement?’ Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 23(2).

Flikke, G. (2008) ‘Pacts, Parties and Elite Struggle: Ukraine's Troubled Post-Orange Transition’, Europe-Asia Studies, 60(3).

Kuzio, T. (2007) Oligarchs, Tapes and Oranges: ‘Kuchmagate’ to the Orange Revolution, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 23(1): 30-56.

March, L. (2006) Security Strategy and the Russia Problem, in Roland Dannreuther and John Peterson (eds.), Security Strategy and Transatlantic Relations (Routledge).

White, S., McAllister, I., Feklyunina, V. (2010) Belarus, Ukraine and Russia: East or West? The British Journal of Politics & International Relations, 12 (3): 344–367.

Munro, N. (2007) ‘Which way does Ukraine face? Popular orientations toward Russia and Western Europe’, Problems of Post-communism, 54(6): 43–58.

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