Course Focus - 1 September 2015

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THE STAR, TUESDAY 1 SEPTEMBER 2015 special COURSE FOCUS COMPUTER, ARTS AND DESIGN Melding technology with creativity

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Course Focus - 1 September 2015

Transcript of Course Focus - 1 September 2015

THE STAR, TUESDAY 1 SEPTEMBER 2015

special

COURSE FOCUSCOMPUTER, ARTS AND DESIGN

Melding technology

with creativity

2 course focusTHE STAR, TUESDAY 1 SEPTEMBER 2015

Big data sense

THE term big data is commonly used in almost every industry across the world and many businesses are eager to hop onto this corporate bandwagon.

Companies are seeking the assistance of digital experts, big data analysts or data scientists to help them discover new ways to manage their business more efficiently and effectively.

In the long run, the results from countless analyses will shed light on key areas that a company can improve on.

Therefore, there is a high demand for talented individuals and companies are willing to offer lucrative remuneration packages to fill these vacancies.

But what exactly is big data and what is required of data experts from small businesses to multinational corporations? Are you the talented individual who will help dictate the profits and losses of a company?

Analysing recordsIn the most basic sense, big data is a

generic term for large sets of structured and unstructured information that are difficult to process using traditional database or software techniques.

As a data scientist, it will be your main priority to study and understand these sets of data and provide conclusions that will not only help the business discover flaws within its business model but also have a better understanding of customers in terms of their preferences, economic conditions and spending power, social habits and behavioural patterns.

Data is collected from our Internet surfing patterns, shopping behaviour and even our political interests and so forth.

This means that organisations that can transform data or information into insights

will have an edge over their competitors. Depending on the size of the company,

your position may require you to study the company’s entire business structure and activities or focus on particular areas such as its operations, marketing activities and financial practices.

Required skillsA good analyst would typically have a

background in statistics, mathematics and economics.

Individuals who wish to pursue a career in data analysis may also consider a degree in information management, computer science or actuarial science and enrol in a postgraduate course in any of these fields.

Graduates with a mathematics degree are in high demand as mathematical modelling and problem-solving skills are highly prized,

as are an eye for detail, high analytical skills and knowledge of probability and statistics.

Graduates with a background in actuarial science will use mathematics and statistics to assess possible risks that an event will occur.

Those with knowledge in computer science and information systems can implement solutions to practical problems using current-day technology.

Graduates will find technical skills such as coding extremely useful and will have a clear understanding of programming properties.

They will then be able to design new softwares and algorithms for a business and apply them to meet business demands.

Future outlookIn an interview last year, Bob Chua,

an expert on big data and founder of international digital research agency Pulse Group Plc, noted that more companies are beginning to see the true value and potential of all their databases and records.

It is believed that data science is not just another passing trend but a new managerial practice that will forever remain relevant in maintaining top quality services.

As part of the Government’s aim to make

• Sunway University• Monash University• Universiti Teknologi Mara• University Teknologi Petronas• International Islamic University Malaysia• Asia Pacific University• Malaysia Multimedia University

Universities offering data and science courses

Spreading imagination HOLLYWOOD is known for high-grossing productions that generate billions of dollars annually.

On the other side of the globe, India’s film industry produces between 1,000 and 1,500 movies yearly, doubling and sometimes tripling the number of movies produced by its American counterpart.

While Malaysia has a long way to go before it can become an industry giant in film and animation, there are still positive signs of growth in the Asean region, making them interesting industries to consider for your tertiary degree.

What you will learnIf you love drawing, working with

computers and have a talent for storytelling, or are just someone who is bursting with creativity, why not enrol in an animation or fine arts degree?

Talented and successful individuals in this industry are driven by passion and long-standing interest.

“I have always been interested in comics, film, drawing and model-making. I just love that my job allows me to build the things that fuelled my childhood imagination,” says Gene Chee, modeller and environment artist at Industrial Light and Magic, a subsidiary company of Lucasfilm and Disney in Singapore. He

Malaysia a big data analytics hub in Asean by 2020, a Digital Government Lab was launched five months ago to analyse data from various agencies and use it to improve public services.

There will always be a demand for data scientists as companies will constantly require the services of these individuals to turn raw information into usable knowledge.

Although there are multiple avenues to begin a career in big data analysis, there are currently seven private and public institutions in Malaysia committed to offering data and science courses in data and business specialisations.

has a bachelor’s of arts degree in visual communication.

Students in animation will focus on fundamental aspects of the animation process and learn techniques involving two-dimensional and computer-generated (CG) elements.

Enhancing audio dialogue, understanding body gestures, model making, set building and advanced lighting and camera work are some of the topics you will learn in such courses.

> SEE PAGE 8

Gene Chee, modeller and environment art-ist at Industrial Light and Magic Singapore, with ‘Jedi Master Yoda’.

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ICT growth, collaboration IBM MALAYSIA and Sunway University recently announced an academic-industry collaboration to embed IBM technologies in its ICT curriculum.

This will allow the university to equip its undergraduates with essential skills in upcoming technology-based areas such as big data analytics, cyber security and mobile application development.

The IBM-Sunway University Research and Academic Initiative Collaboration Program was sealed with the signing of an academic collaboration by Paul Moung, managing director of IBM Malaysia Sdn Bhd, and Prof Graeme Wilkinson, vice-chancellor of Sunway University.

The signing was witnessed by Mandy Teo, strategy and market development manager, Cloud Ecosystem Development of IBM Malaysia Sdn Bhd, and Prof Peter Heard, deputy vice-chancellor of Research and Enterprise and dean of the Faculty of Science and Technology of Sunway University.

Also present to witness the signing was Datuk Dr Chew Chee Kin, president of Sunway Group.

Pioneering excellenceSunway University is the first

in Malaysia to sign up for the IBM Academic Initiative Cloud Offer.

The collaboration will also see Sunway University’s Faculty of Science & Technology leveraging on the IBM Academic Initiative resources, which comprise training materials, curriculum guides, software and hardware to enhance current teaching content.

According to Prof Wilkinson, the rapid pace of technological advancement has led to the creation of new roles and rewritten old job scopes.

“We aspire to equip undergraduates with skill sets that combine technology development in analytics, cloud computing, mobile applications and data security with the spirit of entrepreneurship and an understanding of future opportunities.

“These are essential in helping us create a high-income nation with successful technology-based businesses in the global context,” says Prof Wilkinson.

Quality education in ICT

In line with the collaboration, three new undergraduate degree courses are underway.

The subjects that will be taught in these programmes

The signing of the IBM-Sunway University Research and Academic Initiative Collaboration Program. (From left) Dr Elizabeth Lee, senior executive director, Sunway Education Group and Sunway University; Mandy Teo, strategy and market development manager, Cloud Ecosystem Development, IBM Malaysia Sdn Bhd; Paul Moung, managing director of IBM Malaysia Sdn Bhd; Datuk Dr Chew Chee Kin, president of Sunway Group; Dr Lee Weng Keng, chief executive officer, Education and Healthcare Division of Sunway Group; Prof Graeme Wilkinson, vice-hancellor of Sunway University and Prof Peter Heard, deputy vice-chancellor, Research and Enterprise, and dean of the Faculty of Science and Technology of Sunway University.

include web analytics, data mining, social media analytics, big data analytics, visual analytics, networking, mobile security, mobile application development and entrepreneurship.

With the increasing awareness and demand for Internet of Things, big data analytics, cognitive computing and mobile development, it is vital for faculty members and students to have and understand flexible cloud platforms that enable innovations.

Leveraging on the IBM Academic Initiative Cloud Offer, faculty members and students of Sunway University can now enjoy free usage of IBM Bluemix, an open-standard-based platform, to rapidly build applications in their coursework in 12 months.

Subjects that will be enhanced with IBM Bluemix technology include analytics, system and mobile development and infrastructure security.

Experts from IBM and guest lecturers will be brought in to give talks to Sunway University students.

This collaboration will continue to grow and allow students to be well-equipped with state-of-the-art cloud technology as well as be technically competent and competitive in the future job market.

Sunway University now offers a new programme – BSc (Hons) Information Technology (Computer Networking and Security) – which equips students with the skills, knowledge and attitude required for forensic hacking and professional ethical hacking.

Besides leveraging on IBM technology, students in this programme will also be entitled to a RM3,000 bursary.

n For more information about Sunway University courses,call 03-7491 8622 or [email protected] or visitsunway.edu.my/university/FST

We aspire to equip undergraduates with skill sets that combine technology development with the spirit of entrepreneurship.Prof Wilkinson

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Fine-tune your futureIF you are considering a career in music, you must be proficient in a principal instrument, have a good musical ear to recognise and transcribe melodies and chord progressions, know a wide range of music idioms and be able to interpret their nuances, be it in the writing, arranging, production or performance of a song.

A career in the music industry may also involve audio production and music business. Therefore, students should acquire knowledge of a range of recording methods and general business skills to set themselves up for professional employment.

The International College of Music (ICOM) offers many programmes that assist in harnessing your musical talent and career aspirations at different levels.

These include the 16-month Certificate in Audio Production, the

ICOM’s many programmes not only help grow talent but also prepare graduates to be successful in the industry.

two-year Diploma in Business (Music Industry) and the one-year Foundation in Music (FIM), which leads to the 3+0 Bachelor of Music (Hons) in Professional Music or to music degrees at the famed Berklee College of Music in Boston, the United States.

The courses are developed in consultation with music industry leaders to ensure that every module meets the demands of professional employment.

In addition to specialist modules such as sound design for visuals, recording techniques or scoring for orchestra, ICOM students can also take business-related subjects such as business communication and principles of management and

entrepreneurship to acquire transferable skills for the workplace.

All programmes, with the exception of the FIM, provide an internship programme where students can gain real-world work experience.

Through this, they may apply their knowledge and skills gained from their education. Most ICOM students secure jobs before they graduate. The more recent and exemplary graduates are Najwa Mahiaddin and Irma Seleman, who are both vocalists pursuing a

singing career in New York. From next year onwards, ICOM

will provide guaranteed job placements in the relevant industries for all ICOM graduates.

ICOM works closely with the leaders of the music industry, both domestic and regional. Many of them present guest clinics, master classes or workshops each week at ICOM and visiting artistes such as Sting, Earth, Wind & Fire and the late Phil Ramone have shared their knowledge and experience with the ICOM community.

n For information, call 03-4023 6000 or e-mail Susana Mayong, admissions manager at [email protected]

Improving patient safety with ITPATIENTS’ safety, especially those in intensive care units (ICUs), is of paramount importance. As such, much attention into this area has been given by the Health Ministry and hospitals, including the National Heart Institute (Institut Jantung Negara).

However, there is a lack in the existing information technology (IT) systems in the ICUs, which are used as part of a clinician’s decision-making process.

To address this issue, Monash University Malaysia’s School of Information Technology is collaborating with the National Heart Institute to enhance its IT system within the ICU, which will in turn improve patients’ safety during their hospital stay.

Medical cognitive scientist and lead researcher Dr Nik Nailah Abdullah says that the project will be first of its kind in Malaysia.

Dr Nailah, who is also a lecturer at the School of Information Technology in Monash Malaysia, says, “This collaboration aims to improve the current system design in ICUs through the application of cognitive science and artificial intelligence methods.

“Each patient has different conditions, so we have to come up with a general solution that is applicable in different contexts.

“The study will look into how clinicians make decisions, communicate and practise within their culture so that an information system can be built to help them make better decisions at the ICUs,” she says.

According to Dr Nailah, the project was inspired by Prof Vimla L. Patel from the New York Academy of Medicine, whose research has explored the role of cognition in designing a safer clinical workplace, group decision-making process in critical care

Dr Nik Nailah Abdullah, medical cognitive scientist, lead researcher, and lecturer at the School of Information Technology in Monash University Malaysia.

unit, the generation of medical errors, and the impact of technology on human cognition.

“It is an extremely complex environment at the ICUs as it involves a team of clinicians from different backgrounds who take care of patients, most with severe and critical illnesses,” she explains.

Dr Nailah says it is important for clinicians who are treating the same patient to collaborate and be well informed of what each member has done for the patient.

“Efficient and effective computer technology will decrease the time spent on the system and increase time spent on treating a patient,” she says.

“The Health Ministry’s current agenda is to advocate patients’ safety in all hospitals in Malaysia. We hope that more PhD students will be able to join us in making this project a success.”

n For more information on programmes offered at Monash Malaysia’s School of Information Technology, visitwww.infotech.monash.edu.my

Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) offers programmes that will help develop your creative abilities.

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Exploring technologyINFRASTRUCTURE University Kuala Lumpur (IUKL) through its Faculty of Creative Media and Innovative Technology (FCMIT) offers a wide range of programmes that focus on the principles and practical skills in information technology (IT).

The Bachelor of Computer Science (Hons) programme offered at IUKL involves creating technology and systems for a wide range of use such as in personal computers, smartphones or for social media. It provides students with a broad and fundamental understanding of computer science, programming and software engineering.

IUKL’s Bachelor of Information Systems (Hons) is designed to produce competent and marketable graduates to manage and develop information systems in a business context with added knowledge in information management, enterprise systems, e-commerce and organisational behaviour.

The Bachelor of Multimedia (Hons) is designed to produce competent and talented graduates in a variety of fields associated with design, media, the creative arts and information and communication technologies.

The Diploma in Visual and Interactive Media equips students with the ability to work as visual and interactive media designers across traditional media and use digital tools in a wide range of practices, including creative publishing and interaction designs as well as lead projects from the conceptual stage to publication.

Businesses depend on the smooth running of their communication networks and hence require professionals who are capable of designing, implementing, securing and managing communication networks.

The Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) in Network Technology prepares students with skills in operating applications in a broad area usage, interfacing between public and private networks and constructing security resolutions

for local area networks. The programme also provides

a CISCO certification, which will equip students to become the next generation of skilled technopreneurs.

The Diploma in Network & Mobile Technology offered at IUKL equips students with the fundamental concepts and knowledge of networking as well as the basic skills of handling mobile technology.

For those who are interested in software, the Bachelor of Information Technology (Hons) in Software Engineering is designed to prepare students for a successful career in the software industry and information technology sector.

It allows students to explore the breadth and depth of problem-solving, mathematical foundations of software engineering, programming, software development methodologies, software processes and lifecycles, software quality, testing and technical documentation.

The Diploma in Software Engineering programme gives students the skills needed to design software that is user-friendly, affordable and easy to maintain.

Graduates from these courses will be trained to design, construct and maintain computer programs based on what users need.

The Diploma in Information Technology provides the theoretical bases of programming, computer science, networking, software project management and databases.

IUKL is hosting its Info Day on Sept 12 and 13 from 10am to 4pm. The September intake is in progress and you can start a programme at IUKL with only RM100 and enjoy a RM500 rebate for on-the-spot registration.

Scholarships and a tuition fee waiver of up to 60% are offered to students who excel in their studies. Study loans from PTPTN, Mara and Yayasan Negeri are also available.

n For more information, call 1800 88 STUDY (78839) or visit www.IUKL.edu.my

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Top student successTHINESH Selvarajoo, a final-year undergraduate student from The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus (UNMC), met Barack Obama, President of the United States of America, in the White House during the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI).

YSEALI is one of the President’s signature programmes that aims to strengthen leadership development and networking in South-East Asia as well as address global issues through the involvement of youth leaders.

“For me, this was a huge achievement and definitely one of the proudest moments of my life.

“I was humbled to meet a respected leader of an esteemed country who is also a seemingly ordinary man with a pleasant disposition and great sense of humour.

“It serves as motivation for me to continue to follow my dreams and aspire to be a good leader and better person,” says Thinesh, who is studying chemical and environmental engineering at UNMC.

“We are very proud of Thinesh for being selected for the YSEALI programme. It is a tremendous achievement and has given him the opportunity to interact with the President of the United States.

“This is truly a milestone in his life and it reflects the talent that he has shown throughout his university career,” says Prof Christine Ennew, chief executive officer and provost of The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus.

The YSEALI Institute on Environmental Issues is funded by the US Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs and is part of the Study of the United States Institutes (SUSI).

The programme seeks to develop a vibrant network of young leaders to create innovative and positive solutions for the environmental challenges of the 21st century.

The selection process involved participants being recommended by a credible community engagement organisation and undergoing an official interview at the US Embassy in Kuala Lumpur.

These participants had shown active community involvement and proof of capable leadership in the relevant areas.

The participants travelled to Colorado and Washington DC to learn about global environmental issues through problem-based learning workshops and site visits.

The team’s proposal intends to reduce food wastage through a channel to distribute food to

charitable homes and soup kitchens.

The team was among 18 global recipients of the granted US$20,000 (RM84,600) from Seeds for the Future Grant Competition by the US Department of State.

The participants also had the opportunity to explore ways to address environmental challenges through environmental movements and policies affected by American society.

The contents of the programme include climate change, natural resources management, sustainable development, sustainable agricultural practices, food security, ecotourism and energy generation, which are delivered through a series of workshops with partner organisations such as Pearl Harbour Institute and Eco-Cycle, a non-profit recycler in the US.

Thinesh was among five Malaysians out of 19 participants who were selected from more than 1,000 applicants in the South-East Asia region.

The participants also worked with Boulder Food Rescue, a non-profit organisation based in Boulder, Colorado. Its goal is to create a more just and less wasteful food system.

The experience motivated Thinesh and his team members to come up with Food Rescue Asean, a social initiative that tackled the issue of food wastage in Malaysia and the Philippines.

Thinesh is also a recipient of the prestigious Vice Chancellor’s Achievement Award, presented by The University of Nottingham for his substantial contribution to the university and community.

On top of his active involvement in the university, Thinesh is also a Kuala Lumpur Tourism Ambassador and is actively involved in Teach for Malaysia and Successor Generation Network, Malaysia.

“Our students receive a well-rounded exposure as part of their education at The University of Nottingham, which not only equips them for their working life but moulds them into confident and capable individuals as well.

“Many of our students are not only high achievers in the academic and research fields but are also actively involved in addressing the global and local challenges,” says Prof Ennew.

UNMC students’ involvement in community engagements, international competitions and conferences sets them apart from their peers in the working environment.

n For more information, visit www.nottingham.edu.my

Thinesh Selvarajoo (second from left) visited Pearl Harbour during his trip to the United States.

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KBU International Collage offers quality engineering and computing programmes.

Secure a bright futureTHE role of an engineer and computer-savvy personnel is highly valued in today’s technological era where everything is engineered to fit our hectic lifestyle.

The engineering sector is also an important contributor to the country’s economy as it is one of the 12 National Key Economic Areas (NKEA) in Malaysia’s Economic Transformation Programme.

Recognising this and the many job opportunities that are surfacing in the market, KBU International College offers quality engineering programmes in collaboration with Sheffield Hallam University, the United Kingdom.

“KBU’s School of Engineering and Computing focuses on the fun aspects of engineering. Rather than focusing on just teaching theories, the school engages its students with hands-on training sessions and activities to prepare them for the competitive job market,” says Lye

Boon Han, head of the School of Engineering and Computing, KBU.

“The Institute for Labour Market Information and Analysis (ILMIA), a division of the Human Resources Ministry, lists engineering-related jobs as one of the top jobs last year and we are looking at a healthy trend of jobs in this industry. The school also works with leading industry players to train and keep students informed on current trends and innovations.

The Innovation Day hosted by KBU serves as a platform for students to rub shoulders with industry leaders and potentially get hired on the spot.

“Some of our students were hired immediately on Innovation Day or were offered an interview by companies,” says Lye.

KBU alumnus who attended this year’s Innovation Day as a guest of honour, Vince Tan, spoke highly of the engineering and computing

programmes offered at KBU and the dedicated lecturers who always went the extra mile.

The chief executive officer of Shock Media says that KBU students are very talented as engineers and software developers.

“This is the sole reason why we hire students from KBU. They are not only talented but diligent as well,” he adds.

The college offers engineering and computing programmes – BEng (Hons) Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BSc (Hons) Software Engineering, Diploma in Electronic Engineering, Diploma in Information Technology, Diploma in Mechatronics and Foundation in Engineering, Science and Technology.

n For more information,call 03-7727 3200 or [email protected] or visitwww.kbu.edu.my

Demand for young talentsIN response to the demand for high-quality creative and marketing professionals, IACT College is proud to introduce its latest UK degree programme – BA (Hons) Advertising and Design 3+0 – in collaboration with the University of Sunderland, United Kingdom.

IACT College principal Hor Suet Foong says, “The programme curriculum is designed by the University of Sunderland to meet employers’ demand for high-potential creative talents that can help bring the industry to the next level.

“The programme structure mimics the creative process in a typical advertising agency and provides students with strategic thinking and creative direction training to help widen their future job scope.”

Alicia Benoy, IACT College senior lecturer for the programme, says, “From my experience with the advertising and creative industry, there is a constant shortage of creative talents who can design entire marketing campaigns from the ground up. This degree programme will help fulfil the industry demand for creative talents.”

Besides lectures and tutorials, students can expect agency visits and critiques from industry professionals from time to time.

The BA (Hons) Advertising and Design 3+0 students visit agencies to give them a better understanding of the work environment in the advertising industry.

“These activities help students get a closer look at the work environment and develop the right attitudes for the advertising industry,” says Benoy.

Recently, IACT College design students Aki Fong Chui Yin and Christie Chuang Xin Yi graduated with first class honours from the University of Sunderland, United Kingdom, obtaining the BA (Hons) in Advertising and Design.

Fong explains that the programme has helped her to be creative in generating strategies, ideas and craft.

“My programme leader provided guidance on what the working world wants to see in our portfolio book. This helped me understand what the job market is looking for and what I could do to increase my employability,” she says.

As for Chuang, the programme has pushed her to fulfil her utmost potential by constantly challenging

herself to create new ideas for brand advertisements and campaigns as well as plan for the research and development of the ideas.

Leo Burnett creative (writer) Wong Jia Li, who is an IACT College alumnus and graduate of the BA (Hons) Advertising and Design programme, also shares her experiences of the programme.

IACT College’s BA (Hons) Advertising and Design 3+0 programme is internationally recognised and fully assessed by University of Sunderland to ensure a standardised quality in results.

Students who are interested to learn more about the programme can visit IACT College Info Day on Sept 12 and 13.

n For more information,call 03-7956 0211 or visitwww.iact.edu.my

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Fine art or film and video production students learn to conceptualise what a film will look like, write scripts, direct, produce and edit films in the digital format to produce compelling stories to capture the audience.

Graduates will also be able to produce video commercials, event videos, wedding videos, corporate videos and television programmes.

In recent years, other Malaysians have made massive progress in the animation industry, being heavily involved in the CG effects for the highly acclaimed movie Life of Pi and the production of War of the Worlds: Goliath – an animation film that was screened at San Diego Comic Con 2012 and Los Angeles 3D Film Festival 2012 in the United States.

In the film industry, Malaysia has long been used as a shooting location for numerous productions such as Anna and the King, Entrapment, Police Story 3, Lust, Caution and Don.

These productions not only involved international celebrities such as Jodie Foster, Chow Yun-Fat, Sean Connery, Jackie Chan and Shah Rukh Khan but also local talent cast for supporting roles.

Four months ago, Malaysian

Opportunities abound in creative arts industriesIndrani Kopal made headlines in the local media for winning the Best Student Documentary award at the American Pavilion’s Emerging Filmmaker Showcase, which was part of the prestigious Cannes Film Festival in France.

There are numerous local talents in the industry and this field requires more as it grows. Those who can adapt their skills to the industry’s needs will be especially valued.

For example, Chee adapted his skills from his background in visual communications to the computer-generated industry and now builds three-dimensional (3D) computer models for big budget films and projects. The scope of his job includes building characters, creatures, digital doubles of real actors, props and assembling environments for various shots.

“Seeing your creations on screen is fantastically rewarding, and having your name in the credits is the cherry on the top,” says Chee.

A promising industry“Animation is a huge field and

there are many specialised jobs in this rapidly developing industry. The technologies are always changing but there is also a very large online community of helpful

artists who can help to hone your craft,” says Chee.

Local film productions are slowly getting recognised by international parties and numerous production houses are starting to partner with foreign film directors and scriptwriters to

produce films of international quality.

Realising the nation’s talent and the potential in this rising industry, the Government and the National Film Development Corporation Malaysia have taken steps to promote the industry, including the

implementation of the Compulsory Screenings Scheme (Skim Wajib Tayang) that came into effect in 2005.

This scheme ensures local productions are given screening times in cinemas throughout the country.

Possible careers fieldsfor production students

Job description

Possible career fields for animation students

Job description

Screenwriting Outlining aural, visual and behavioural elements to tell a good story and forming the foundationof a great movie.

Directing Controlling a film’s artistic and dramatic aspects while also guiding the technical crew andactors to match the script.

Camera operation Using various angles and techniques to record all scenes on camera to influence the structureand meaning of the film.

Audio production Recording and producing quality audio for the audience.

Post-production Editing all takes by adding or omitting visual and audio effects and piecing everything in therequired sequence.

Background, layout andstoryboard artists

Visualising and drawing a series of events and designing the backgrounds for every scene.

Modeller and 3D animators Making sculpted 3D models for animation and arranging them to appear lifelike in everyframe of the film.

Special effects artists Combining live-footage with CG imagery.