Chapter 9 Section 2 The Antislavery Movement. Abolitionist Movement The movement to end slavery.
Course Content I.Introduction to the Course II.Biomechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement...
-
Upload
jasmyn-faith -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
1
Transcript of Course Content I.Introduction to the Course II.Biomechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement...
Course Content
I. Introduction to the CourseII. Biomechanical Concepts Related
to Human MovementIII. Anatomical Concepts Related to
Human MovementIV. Applications in Human
Movement
The Skeletal System
1. General Structure & Function2. Tissue Level Structure & Function3. System Level Structure &
Function4. Injury to the Skeletal System
System Level Structure & Function
Classification of Joints Accessory Structures System Level Function
System Level Structure & Function
Classification of Joints Accessory Structures System Level Function
Classification of Joints
1. Synarthrosis (immovable)
a. sutural syndesmosis (fibrous)
b. synchondrosis (cartilaginous)
Classification of Joints
2. Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)a. membranous syndesmosis (fibrous)b. symphysis (cartilaginous)
Classification of Joints
3. Diarthrosis (freely movable, synovial)
a. nonaxial b. uniaxialc. biaxiald. triaxial
Diarthrodal Joints 4 common charachteristics:
1) Enclosed by fibrous joint capsule2) Capsule is lined by synovial
membrane3) Joint cavity is filled with synovial
fluid4) Ends of bones are lined with hyaline
articular cartilage
System Level Structure & Function
Classification of Joints Accessory Structures System Level Function
Accessory Joint Structures Tendons Synovial (Tendon) Sheaths Ligaments & Joint Capsules Retinacula Fasciae Articular Discs Bursae Labrums
Articular Discs
congruence: area over which JRF transmitted
•Fibrocartilage
•Function?
AC jt SC jttibiofemoral radiocarpal
System Level Structure & Function
Classification of Joints Accessory Structures System Level Function
Terminology stability - the ability of a joint to
resist displacement or dislocation; the strength of the bonds between the bones in a joint
mobility - the degree to which the bones are allowed to move before being restricted by surrounding tissues
flexibility - another term for mobility
Measures of Mobility DOF - the angular directions of
movement considered normal for a joint; general measure of mobility
ROM - the angle through which a bone moves about a joint from anatomical position to the extreme limit of a segment motion in a particular direction; a specific measure of joint mobility joint, planar, and direction specific
General Terminology hypermobile - describes a joint
where ROM exceeds normal limits hypomobile - describes a joint
where ROM is less than what would normally be permitted
laxity – the ROM in those directions considered abnormal for a joint; the degree of instability in a joint
General Terminology subluxation – a transient decrease in
the normal area of contact (congruency) between the articular surfaces in a synovial joint
luxation – a transient separation of the articular surfaces in a synovial joint
dislocation – a permanent (in the absence of treatment) separation of the articular surfaces in a synovial joint
Contact between surfaces creates torque on each bone from JRF of bone.
1. Role of Bony Structure 3rd (& final) line of defense How does bony structure stop
excessive motion?
Bony Structure Shape of articular surfaces
determines: when in the ROM the rxn torque is
applied the direction of the rxn force (and
thus, size of moment arm) the amount of the rxn torque
How would a deeper olecranon fossa change:
• where in the ROM Trxn occurred• the direction of
Frxn
• the magnitude of Trxn
• the max ROM
2. Role of Ligaments & Joint Capsules
2nd line of defense Size of moment arm
Angle of attachment Attachment sites
Magnitude of Force Strength
Number of ligaments (net torque)
Size of moment arm (angle, attachment site)
Magnitude of force
Tautness Number of
ligaments (net torque)
How can the ligamentous/JC function be changed?