CloningCourse:

BioinformaticsPresented by:

Adil Hussain - 0612120

CloningCreating an exact organism

NaturallyArtificially

Process1. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer2. Artificial Embryo Twinning3. The Roslin Technique

DNA in a Cell

Somatic Cell Nuclear TransferSomatic Cell

Any cell of the body except sperm or egg

NucleusBrain of the cell

PROCESS

Artificial Embryo TwinningSimple cloning process

Copies the natural process

Naturally identical twins

Artificial twins

PROCESS

The Roslin TechniqueRoslin InstituteVariation of the Somatic

Cell Nuclear TransferPROCESS

1. Somatic cells (nuclei intact) to grow & divide

2. Inactive state3. Fused with egg cell

(without nucleus)4. Grow into embryo5. Implanted in

surrogate mother

Cloning for CS studentsComplicated

procedureProblems

Multiplication of cells Embryos not developing Abnormalities in

embryos

DNA controls cell transformation30,000 DNA in a

single cell

Dolly (the cloned sheep)5th July 1996 – 14th

February 2003

First mammal to be created from an adult somatic cell

1/277 attempts made Dolly

Process of cloning Dolly

Cloning in PakistanPakistan is an

agricultural countryBiotechnology to

improve cropsSUGARCANE – 5th

largest producer458 mounds per acre 800-1000 mounds per

acreDiseases reduced

production 10% – 77%

Cloning in Pakistan AGRIBIOTECH1. Plants are vigorous, healthy,

disease free and of a premium quality.

2. Yield increases from 50% – 100%3. Sugar recovery increase by 1 - 2 %4. Reduces the seed requirement to

one third5. Reduce lodging which will also

decrease the infestation of insects and pests.

6. Lower production cost due to high sugar and cane yield per unit area.

7. Vigorous growth and development results greater disease resistance.

8. Availability of high quality vigorous and disease free seed at affordable price round the year.

9. Every bud sprouts at least thrice

Role of BioinformaticsIn Cloning

Ensuring integrityMatching DNAExtent of mutations

ConclusionSuccessful cloning is very difficult

Very low success rateStem cell research

Diseases (gene therapy)Abnormalities

Gene TherapyGene screening to identify defective geneNormal gene to correct itOrgan Transplant

Human reproductive cloning

Questions?

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