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The World Factbook

Africa :: Algeria

Introduction :: Algeria

Background :

After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieveindependence in 1962. Algeria 's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), w as establishedin 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has largely dominated politics since. The Governmentof Algeria in 1988 inst i tuted a mult i -par ty system in response to publ ic unrest , but the surpr is ing f i rs tround success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army tointervene and postpone the second round of e lect ions to prevent what the secular e l i te feared would be anextremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FISsupporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intenseviolence from 1992-98, resul t ing in over 100,000 deaths - many at t r ibuted to indiscr iminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing,the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, with the backing of themilitary, won the presidency in 1999 in an election widely viewed as fraudulent. He w as reelected to asecond term in 2004 and overwhelmingly won a third term in 2009, af ter the government amended theconstitution in 2008 to remove presidential term limits. Longstanding problems continue to faceBOUTEFLIKA, including large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, unreliable electrical and watersupplies, government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuing activities of extremist militants. TheSalafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) in 2006 merged with al-Qa'ida to form al-Qa'ida in theLands of the Islamic Maghreb, which has launched an ongoing series of kidnappings and bombingstarget ing the Algerian Government and Western interests . The government in 2011 introduced somepolitical reforms in response to the Arab Spring, including lifting the 19-year-old state of emergencyrestrictions and increasing women's quotas for elected assemblies. Parliamentary elections in May 2012and municipal and provincial elections in November 2012 saw continued dominance by the FLN, withIslamist opposition parties performing poorly. Political protest activity in the country remained low in2013, but small , sometimes violent socioeconomic demonstrat ions by disparate groups cont inued to be acommon occurrence. Parliament in 2014 is expected to revise the constitution.

Geography :: Algeria

Location :Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia

Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E

Map references: Africa

Area: total: 2,381,741 sq kmcountry comparison to the world: 1 0land: 2,381,741 sq kmwater: 0 sq km
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Area - comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

Land boundaries: total: 6 ,343 kmborder countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km,Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

Coastline: 9 9 8 k m

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 1 2 n mexclus ive f ishing zone: 3 2 - 5 2 n m

Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hotsummers on high plateau; s i rocco is a hot , dust /sand-laden wind especial ly common in summer

Terrain: mostly high plateau and deser t ; some mountains; narrow, discont inuous coastal plain

Elevation extremes: lowest point: Chott Melrhir -40 mhighest point: Tahat 3 ,003 m

Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas , i ron ore , phosphates , uranium, lead, z inc

Land use: arable land: 3.15%permanent crops: 0.38%other: 96.46% (2011)

Irrigated land: 5,694 sq km (2003)

Total renewable water resources: 11.67 cu km (2011)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): total: 5.72 cu km/yr (26%/16%/58%)per capita: 182 cu m/yr (2005)

Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe ear thquakes; mudsl ides and f loods in ra iny season

Environment - current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage,petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastalwaters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertil izerrunoff ; inadequate suppl ies of potable water

Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note: largest country in Africa

People a nd Society :: Algeria

Nationality :noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian

Ethnic groups:
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Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% n o te : although almost all Algerians are Berber in origin (not Arab), only a minority identify themselves asBerber, about 15% of the total population; these people live mostly in the mountainous region of Kabylieeast of Algiers; the Berbers are also Muslim but identify with their Berber rather than Arab cultural heritage;Berbers have long agitated, sometimes violently, for autonomy; the government is unlikely to grantautonomy but has offered to begin sponsoring teaching Berber language in schools

Languages: Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber dialects: Kabylie Berber (Tamazight), Chaouia Berber(Tachawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)

Religions: Muslim (official; predominantly Sunni) 99%, other (includes Christian and Jewish)

Population: 38,813,722 (July 2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 3 4

Age structure: 0 -14 yea r s : 28.4% (male 5,641,148/female 5,378,207)15-24 yea r s : 17.4% (male 3,451,069/female 3,291,166)25-54 yea r s : 42.8% (male 8,398,770/female 8,209,634)55-64 yea r s : 5.2% (male 1,230,865/female 1,186,832)65 years and over: 5.1% (male 931,769/female 1,094,262) (2014 est.)

Dependency ratios: total dependency ratio: 47.9 %youth dependency ratio: 41.1 %elderly dependency ratio: 6.8 %potential support ratio: 14.7 (2013)

Median age: total: 27.3 yearsmale: 27 yearsfemale: 27.5 years (2014 est.)

Population growth rate: 1.88% (2014 est.)country comparison to the world: 6 1

Birth rate: 23.99 bir ths/1,000 populat ion (2014 est . )country comparison to the world: 6 3

Death rate: 4.31 deaths/1,000 populat ion (2014 est . )country comparison to the world: 2 0 6

Net migration rate: -0 .93 migrant(s) /1 ,000 populat ion (2014 est . )country comparison to the world: 1 4 8

Urbanization: urban population: 73% of total population (2011)rate of urbanization: 2.49% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)Major urban areas - population: ALGIERS (capital) 2.916 million; Oran 770,000 (2011)

Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female0-14 yea r s : 1.05 male(s)/female15-24 yea r s : 1.05 male(s)/female25-54 yea r s : 1.02 male(s)/female55-64 yea r s : 1.03 male(s)/female65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/femaletotal population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Maternal mortality rate:
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97 deaths/100,000 l ive bir ths (2010)country comparison to the world: 7 5

Infant mortality rate: total: 21.76 deaths/1,000 l ive bir thscountry comparison to the world: 8 2male: 23.54 deaths/1,000 l ive bir thsfemale: 19.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.39 yearscountry comparison to the world: 8 0male: 75.12 yearsfemale: 77.72 years (2014 est.)

Total fertility rate: 2.78 chi ldren born/woman (2014 est . )country comparison to the world: 6 9

Contraceptive prevalence rate: 61.4% (2006)

Health expenditures: 3.9% of GDP (2011)country comparison to the world: 1 6 6

Physicians density: 1.21 physicians/1,000 populat ion (2007)

Hospital bed density: 1.7 beds/1,000 populat ion (2004)

Drinking water source: improved:urban: 85.5% of populationrural: 79.5% of populationtotal: 83.9% of populationunimproved:urban: 14.5% of population

rural: 20.5% of populationtotal: 16.1% of population (2011 est.)

Sanitation facility access: improved:urban: 97.6% of populationrural: 88.4% of populationtotal: 95.1% of populationunimproved:urban: 2.4% of populationrural: 11.6% of populationtotal: 4.9% of population (2011 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.1%; note - no country specific models provided (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 2 4

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 18,000 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 8 4

HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)country comparison to the world: 7 5

Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
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16% (2008)country comparison to the world: 11 6

Children under the age of 5 years underweight: 3.7% (2005)country comparison to the world: 1 0 1

Education expenditures: 4.3% of GDP (2008)country comparison to the world: 9 7

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and wri tetotal population: 72.6%male: 81.3%female: 63.9% (2006 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education): total: 14 yearsmale: 12 yearsfemale: 14 years (2011)

Child labor - children ages 5-14: total number: 304 ,358percentage: 5 % (2006 est.)

Unemployment , youth ages 15-24: total: 28.4%country comparison to the world: 3 0male: 19.1%female: 38.2% (2011)

Govern ment :: Algeria

Country name :conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria conventional short form: Algerialocal long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash S ha'biyahlocal short form: Al Jaza'ir

Government type: republ ic

Capital: name: Algiersgeographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

Administrative divisions: 48 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar,Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Oued,El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila,Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras,Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt , Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen

Independence: 5 July 1962 (from France)

National holiday: Revolution Day, 1 November (1954)

Constitution: adopted 8 September 1963; amended several t imes, last in 2008 (2013)

Legal system: mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hocConstitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices

International law organization participation:
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has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt

Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

Executive branch: chief of state: President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28 April 1999)head of government: Prime Minister (Acting) Youcef YOUSFI (since 13 March 2014)cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president(For more information visit the World Leaders website ) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held on 17April 2014 (next to be held in April 2019)election results: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for a fourth term; percent of vote - AbdelazizBOUTEFLIKA 81.5%, Ali BENFLIS 12.2%, Abdelaziz ELAID 3.4%, other 2.9%; voter turnout - 51.7%

Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of the Council of the Nation (upper house; 144 seats; one-third of themembers appointed by the president , two-thirds e lected by indirect vote to serve s ix-year terms; theconstitution requires half the Council to be renewed every three years) and the National People's Assembly(lower house; 462 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)elections: Council of the Nation - last held on 29 December 2012 (next to be held in December 2017);National People's Assembly - last held on 10 May 2012 (next to be held in 2017)election results: Council of the Nation election of 29 December 2009 - percent of vote by party - NA; seatsby party - NA; National People's Assembly election of 10 May 2012 - percent of vote by party - NA; seats byparty - FLN 221, RND 70, AAV 47, FFS 21, PT 17, FNA 9, El Adala 7, MPA 6, PFJ 5, FC 4, PNSD 4, other 32,

independen ts 19Judicial branch: highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 150 judges organized into four divisions:civil and commercial; social security and labor; criminal; and administrative; Constitutional Council(consis ts of 9 members including the court president)note - Algeria 's judicial system does not include sharia courts

ju dge se lec tio n and term of off ic e: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, anadminis t ra t ive body presided over by the president of the republ ic , and includes the republ ic vice-presidentand several members; judge tenure NA; Const i tut ional Counci l members - 3 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the two houses of the Parliament, 1 by the Supreme Court, and 1 by the Council of State; Counci l president and members appointed for s ingle 6-year terms with half of the membershiprenewed every 3 yearssubordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals

Political parties and leaders: Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]; Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES];Algerian Rally [Ali ZAGHDOUD]; Algeria's H ope Rally or TAJ [Amar GHOUL]; Dignity or El Karama [MohamedBENHAMOU]; Front for Change or FC [Abdelmadjid MENASRA]; Front for Justice and Development or ElAdala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]; Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]; Green Algeria Alliance orAAV (includes Movement for National Reform, Islamic Renaissance Movement, and Movement of the Societyof Peace or Hamas); Islamic Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Mohamed DHOUIBI]; Movementof the Society of Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MOK RI]; National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement NationalDemocratique) or RND [Bensalah ABDELKADER ]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Amar SAIDANI]; NationalParty for Solidarity and Development or PNSD; National R eform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI] (seeGreen Algeria Alliance); New Dawn Party or PFJ; New Generation or Jil Jadid [Soufiane DJILALI]; New LightParty [Bedreddine BELBAZ]; Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]; Party of Justice and Liberty[Mohammed SAID]; Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]; Socialist Forces Front or

FFS [Mustafa BOUCHACHI]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE] n o te : a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997

Political pressure groups and leaders: The Algerian Human Rights League or LADDH [Noureddine BENISSAD]; SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR];Youth Action Rally or RAJ

International organization participation: ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC(national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU,ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE(partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO(observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US:
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Taxes and other revenues: 37.3% of GDP (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 5 3

Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-): -2.3% of GDP (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 9 2

Public debt: 13.2% of GDP (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 4 6

8.3% of GDP (2012 est.) n o te : data cover central government debt; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, as well asin t ra -governmenta l deb t

Fiscal year: calendar year

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 3.9% (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 3 18.9% (2012 est.)

Central bank discount rate: 4% (31 December 2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 9 34% (31 December 2009 est.)

Commercial bank prime lending rate: 8% (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 11 68% (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of narrow money: $92.91 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 3 7$98.36 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of broad money: $140.2 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 4 8$141 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of domestic credit: $-4.337 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 8 8$-4.363 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Market value of publicly traded shares: $NA

Current account balance:

$6.697 billion (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 2 9$12.3 billion (2012 est.)

Exports: $68.25 billion (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 5 1$71.74 billion (2012 est.)

Exports - commodities: petroleum, natural gas , and petroleum products 97%

Exports - partners: Italy 16%, US 15%, Spain 10.9%, France 8.5%, Netherlands 7.3%, Canada 7.1%, UK 5.1%, Brazil 4.7% (2012)
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10/14

Imports: $55.02 billion (2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 5 3$51.57 billion (2012 est.)

Imports - commodities: capi ta l goods, foodstuffs , consumer goods

Imports - partners: France 12.8%, China 11.8%, Italy 10.3%, Spain 8.6%, Germany 5.2% (2012)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: $192.5 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 4$191.6 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Debt - external: $5.278 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 2 0$5.639 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: $25.02 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 6 7$23.26 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: $2.433 billion (31 December 2013 est.)country comparison to the world: 7 1$2.133 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

Exchange rates: Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -78.77 (2013 est.)77.536 (2012 est.)74.386 (2010 est.)72.65 (2009)

63.25 (2008)

Energy :: Algeria

Electricity - production :46.25 billion kWh (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 5 3

Electricity - consumption: 33.68 billion kWh (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 5 9

Electricity - exports: 803 million kWh (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 6 0Electricity - imports: 736 million kWh (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 6 6

Electricity - installed generatingcapacity: 11.33 million kW (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 5 1

Electricity - from fossil fuels: 97.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 6 1
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11/14

Electricity - from nuclear fuels: 0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 3 5

Electricity - from hydroelectric plants: 2.5% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 3 3

Electricity - from other renewablesources : 0% of total installed capacity (2010 est.)

country comparison to the world: 1 4 9Crude oil - production: 1.875 million bbl/day (2012 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 5

Crude oil - exports: 1.097 million bbl/day (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 6

Crude oil - imports: 6,400 bbl/day (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 7 9

Crude oil - proved reserves:

12.2 billion bbl (1 January 2013 es)country comparison to the world: 1 6

Refined pet roleum products -production: 571,400 bbl/day (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 2 9

Refined pet roleum products -consumption: 316,400 bbl/day (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 4 0

Refined petroleum products - exports:

471,900 bbl/day (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 5

Refined petroleum products - imports: 17,270 bbl/day (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 11 0

Natural gas - production: 82.76 billion cu m (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 0

Natural gas - consumption: 28.82 billion cu m (2010 est.)country comparison to the world: 2 9

Natural gas - exports: 52.02 billion cu m (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 7

Natural gas - imports: 0 cu m (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 1 5 1

Natural gas - proved reserves: 4.504 tril l ion cu m (1 January 2013 es)country comparison to the world: 1 0

Carbon dioxide emissions fromconsumption of energy:
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117.2 million Mt (2011 est.)country comparison to the world: 3 7

Communicat ions :: Algeria

Telephones - main l ines in use :3.2 million (2012)country comparison to the world: 4 9

Telephones - mobile cellular: 37.692 million (2012)

country comparison to the world: 3 2Telephone sys tem: general assessment: privatization of Algeria 's telecommunications sector began in 2000; three mobilecellular l icenses have been issued and, in 2005, a consortium led by Egypt 's Orascom Telecom won a15-year license to build and operate a fixed-line network in Algeria; the license will allow O rascom todevelop high-speed data and other special ized services and contr ibute to meet ing the large unfulf i l leddemand for basic res ident ia l te lephony; Internet broadband services began in 2003domestic: a limited network of fixed lines with a teledensity of less than 10 telephones per 100 persons hasbeen offset by the rapid increase in mobile-cellular subscribership; in 2011, mobile-cellular teledensity wasroughly 100 te lephones per 100 personsinternational: country code - 213; landing point for the SEA-ME-WE-4 fiber-optic submarine cable systemthat provides links to Europe, the Middle East, and Asia; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain,Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satelli te earth

stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, and Arabsat) (2011)Broadcast media: sta te-run Radio-Televis ion Algerienne operates the broadcast media and carr ies programming in Arabic ,Berber dialects, and French; use of satelli te dishes is widespread, providing easy access to European andArab satelli te stations; state-run radio operates several national networks and roughly 40 regional radiostations (2007)

Internet country code: . d z

Internet hosts: 676 (2012)country comparison to the world: 1 7 8

Internet users: 4.7 million (2009)country comparison to the world: 4 9

Transportatio n :: Algeria

Airports :157 (2013)country comparison to the world: 3 6

Airports - with paved runways: total: 6 4over 3,047 m: 1 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 91,524 to 2,437 m: 1 7914 to 1,523 m: 5under 914 m: 1 (2013)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 9 32,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 1 8914 to 1,523 m: 3 9under 914 m:34 (2013)

Heliports:

3 (2013)
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13/14

Pipelines: condensate 2,600 km; gas 16,415 km; liquid petroleum gas 3,447 km; oil 7,036 km; refined products 144km (2013)

Railways: total: 3 ,973 kmcountry comparison to the world: 4 5standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified)narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 113 ,655 kmcountry comparison to the world: 4 2paved: 87,605 km (includes 645 km of expressways)unpaved: 26,050 km (2010)

Merchant marine: total: 3 8country comparison to the world: 7 7by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 8, chemical tanker 3, l iquefied gas 11, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 4,roll on/roll off 3fore ign-owned: 15 (UK, 15) (2010)

Ports and terminals: major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda

Military :: Alger ia

Military branches :People's National Army (Armee Nationale Populaire, ANP), Land Forces (Forces Terrestres, FT), Navy o f theRepublic of Algeria (Marine de la Republique Algerienne, MRA), Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiyaal-Jaza'eriya, QJJ), Territorial Air Defense Force (2009)

Military service age and obligation: 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; 19-30 years of age for compulsory service;conscript service obligation is 18 months (6 months basic training, 12 months civil projects) (2012)

Manpower available for military service: males age 16-49: 10,273,129

females age 16-49: 10,114,552 (2010 est.)Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 8,622,897females age 16-49: 8,626,222 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually: male: 342 ,895female: 330,098 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures: 4.48% of GDP (2012)country comparison to the world: 74.36% of GDP (2011)

4.48% of GDP (2010)

Transnational Issues :: Algeria

Disputes - international :Algeria and many other states reject Moroccan administration of Western Sahara; the Polisario Front, exiledin Algeria, represents the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic; Algeria 's border with Morocco remains anirritant to bilateral relations, each nation accusing the other of harboring militants and arms smuggling;dormant disputes include Libyan claims of about 32,000 sq km st i l l ref lected on i ts maps of southeasternAlgeria and the National Liberation Front 's (FLN) assertions of a claim to Chirac Pastures in southeasternMorocco

Refugees and internally displaced persons:
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