Country report: Peru

Present situation and perspectives of energy use in Peru (update)

Manfred HornUniversidad Nacional de Ingeniería

Lima, Perumhorn@uni.edu.pe

Initial version presented at Energy Project WorkshopBogota, Colombia, Dec. 6-7, 2010

2010al 2008

Change of energy matrix

27%

17%

56%

34%

33%33%

Objetivo

Petróleo

Gas Natural +LGN

EnergíasRenovables

• Hidroenergía

• Biocombustibles

• Energía no Convencionales

69%24%

7%

Antes de Camisea

http://www.minem.gob.pe/

% Percentage of commercial energy% Percentage of commercial energy

2000

2020

The official Government policy

412 MW renewable electricity generation

The Peruvian government has signed contracts in 2010 with a number of companies for 26 green energy projects which will see a combined investment of US$1bn. The contracts are the result of the first renewable energy auction in Peru, which took place in February 2010. The 26 energy projects will generate a combined 412 megawatts (MW) in green energy, including162MW of hydropower, 142MW of wind power, 80MW of solar power and 27MW of biomass. The projects are required to enter operation by December 31 2012 and to provide electricity for 20 years. The contracts include clauses for the electricity generators to sell the power produced to Peru's electricity distributors.

Master Plan for Rural Electrification by enewable Energy

280 000 households are planned for renewable energy electrification,

mostly with PV

Six IANAS project priority areas:

• Meeting the energy needs of the poorest people• Improving energy efficiency from energy sources to end uses• Building the necessary human, educational and institutional capacity• Raising the consciousness of the need for a sustainable future• Expanding the contribution of renewable energy• Drafting a balanced bioenergy roadmap that includes advanced technologies

Priority areas in Peru where the science community can give a mayor contribution

Activities of the Peruvian Academy of Sciences,

in the area of energy

2009: seminar on wind energy

2010: seminar on efficient energy use

2011 (July 1):seminar on solar energy

Workshop on energy efficiency

Six research proposals:

www.elecsolrural.orghttp://fc.uni.edu.pe/riasef

Necessity: Coordination with other institutions

Electricity consumed per household (kWh/month)

Fuente: Anuarios OSINERGMIN 2007 -2008

1-30 kWh

31-100 kWh

Más de 101 kWh

12 kWh/month

61 kWh/month

262 kWh/month

2008

1.26Millones usuarios

1.36Millones

usuarios

1.61 Millones usuarios

National monthly mean: 123 kWh/month

Example: Pico Photovoltaics

Pico PV in PeruLaboratory tests of LED lamps for Pico PV Systems

Manfred HornNational Engineering University, Lima, Peru mhorn@uni.edu.pehttp://fc.uni.edu-pe/mhorn

2nd Symposium Small PV-Applications, Ulm, Germany, June 6 -7, 2011

• Why Pico PV in Peru?• Laboratory tests• Conclusions

Some general data:PeruArea 1,3 x 10 6 km2 (60% jungle)Population 29 x 10 6 (30% poor)GDP/capita $ 5000Electrification 80 %Electricity consumption 1000 kWh/cap year

Electricity consumption (referential) in rural regions for the group with a monthly mean consumption of 12 kWh. Main use is the illumination with incandescent lamps (10 lm/W)

                                          

50 W X 4 hours x 30 days = 6 kWh

50 W X 3 hours x 30 days = 4.5 kWh

10 W X 5 hours x 30 days = 1.5 kWh

TOTAL = 12 kWh/month

Pico – Photovoltaic systems Tecnology (june. 2011)- PV panels of 1 – 5 W- Li- Ion batteries incorporated ( ~ 10 Wh) - LED lamps (50000 h;100 - 130 lm/W); - other uses: radio, celular phone charger, etc.- Cost < 100 $- > 5 - 10 h light per day

With incandescent light bulbs (11 lm/W) and 10 kWh/month of electricity, one gets a luminous energy of 110 klmh/month.Using good LEDs (110 lm/W), one gets the same luminous energy with 1 kWh/month of electricity, produced with a5 – 10 Wp PV panel.

Therefore, a Pico PV system can produce practically the same benefits that have people in rural areas connected to the grid, but at a much lower cost.

Based on these arguments, the Peruvian Government started in 2010 a pilot project with the goal to install 50 000 Pico PV systems. As the first step , and with the support of GIZ, 11 different LED lamps were tested in the laboratory, with the results shown next. As a next step, a field test with 100 – 200 families will be made using the lamps with the best laboratory results, before, finally, implementing the main project.

Important: quality control

Barriers• There exist few “experts” in solar energy in Peru (one year postgraduate trainig program SEPES at UNI, since 1980)• The responsible people at the government , municipalities, etc. have little technical knowledge about PV • Missing quality control (Solar Lab – UNI)

Conclusion: we need more training programs and more quality control

- Bioclimatic housesUrgent:Improvement of the rural houses in the high Andes region (very low temperatures)

Good examples:• Espinar, Cusco (Missioners Belén-Immensee)• Raymina, Vilcashuamán, Ayacucho ( CER-UNI)

Other example for research and technology development

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TECNOLOGICAL BASIS FOR A PRODUCTIVE AND EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE COMMUNITY OF SAN FRANCISCO DE RAYMINA

IN VILCAS HUAMÁN-AYACUCHO - PERU

Rafael Espinoza – Manfred HornCER – UNI (Lima / Peru)

Objective

To improve the quality of life of the members of the community, implementing production lines, using their native products and clean technologies with renewable energies, mainly solar energy.

• Cheese production• Ecological tourism• Improved stoves• Green houses• etc.

Results Se cuenta con 15000 plantones de pino y eucalipto en etapa de

crecimiento dentro de 3 invernaderos tipo túnel construidos. Masa crítica de comuneros con mayor y mejor conocimiento del

desarrollo de los procesos productivos de los principales recursos de su comunidad.

Respuesta positiva y opiniones favorables de las 15 personas, entre nacionales y extranjeros, que fungieron de turistas. Dieron muestra de grata impresión por la organización comunal y los atractivos naturales.

Participación comunal e integración en tres núcleos productivos con responsabilidades específicas.

Autoselección de 10 familias como primeros beneficiarios de los fogones mejorados, sobre la base de criterios establecidos en reunión comunal.

Innovar procedimientos de transferencia de información conceptual o tecnológica que permitan vencer barreras culturales y comunicativas (efecto de lengua materna diferente).

Lecciones aprendidas

Necesidad de identificar compatibilidad del concepto de recursos renovables con la cosmovisión tradicional andina a través de la construcción y fortalecimiento de relaciones paritarias Equipo - Comunidad.

Challenges

Principales Obstáculos:

Armonizar costumbres, visiones y culturas bajo un marco de mutuo respeto.

Generar la participación voluntaria, interesada

y firmemente comprometida con objetivos grupales y comunales.

Dotar de sostenibilidad a todas las actividades productivas implantadas .

Muchas gracias por su atención ……..