COUNTRY REPORT (GHANA) FOR THE IPPC

HIGH-LEVEL SYMPOSIUM ON COOPERATION OF

THE PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES AMONG THE

CHINESE INITIATIVE “ONE BELT” COUNTRIES

BY

PRUDENCE TONATOR ATTIPOE

Deputy Director, Head Plant Quarantine Services Division

PPRSD, MoFA, Ghana.

27th- 30th May 2019 Xi’an, China

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Introduction

1.Background

information on

Agriculture and

Organizational

arrangements for

Plant Protection & NPPO of

Ghana

2. Phytosanitary Legal Framework and list

of Regulate

d Pest

Overview of

cases of Surveilla

nce, Non-

compliance and Management of

Regulated Pest.

Information on Emergi

ng Pests

Identification of

opportunities and

challenges in

Phytosanitary

Measures

Suggestions on

International, Regional

and Bilateral Cooperation

in Phytosanitary Measures among the

Chines Initiative “the Belt

and Road” countries

OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

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INTRODUCTION

The PPRSD was established in 1965 by an Act of Parliament:

Prevention and Control of Pests and Diseases of Plants Act, 307.

Plants and Fertilizer Act, 2010 (Act 803).

PPRSD is the National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) with the

mandate and capacity to organize, regulate, implement and coordinate

the plant protection services needed for the country in support of

sustainable growth and development of Agriculture.3

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The total land area is 227,540 Km2 (87,854 sq. miles) 54.8 % of the population is urban (16,507,512 people in 2019)

The current population of Ghana is 29,997,570 as of Wednesday, May 8, 2019, based on the latest United Nations estimates.

The main Agricultural crops produced, include yams, grains, cocoa, oil palms, kola nuts, and timber, form the base of agriculture in Ghana's economy.

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INTRODUCTION CONT’D

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Imports crops include Rice, Wheat, Apple, Yellow Maize.

Exported crops are Cocoa, Coffee, Mango, Banana, Pineapple, SheaButter, Cashew Nut, Teak log, vegetables (Chilli, Turia, Pink Ravaya, etc)

INTRODUCTION CONT’D

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•Plants and Fertilizer Act, 2010 (Act 803): The Plant and Fertilizer Act of 2010 combines the Seed Inspection and Certification Order, NRCD 100 of 1972, and the Pest and Plant Disease Prevention and Control Act 307 of 1965.

•The law provides for effective plant protection to prevent the introduction and spread of pests and diseases

•To regulate the import and export of plants and planting material

•and regulation of the fertilizer trade

PHYTOSANITARY LEGAL FRAMEWORK

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ORGANOGRAM OF PPRSD

CHIEF DIRECTOR

DIRECTOR PPRSD

PHYTOSANITARY

INSPECTION AND

CERTIFICATION

(PHYTOSANITARY

INSPECTORS)

CROP PEST AND

DISEASES

MANAGEMENT

(TECHNICAL

BACKSTOPPING)

SEED INSPECTION

AND

CERTIFICATION

(SEED

INSPECTORS)

POST-REGISTRATION

MONITORING &

SURVEILLANCE OF

FERTILIZERS AND

PESTICIDE (PESTICIDE

AND FERTILIZER

INSPECTORS)

REGIONAL OFFICERS

PLANT PROTECTION

AND REGULATORY

SERVICES

PESTICIDE AND

FERTILIZER

REGULATORY

DIVISION

GHANA SEED

INSPECTION &

CERTIFICATION

DIVISION

CROP PEST AND

DISEASES

MANAGEMENT

DIVISION

FERTILIZER

ADVISORY

COUNCIL

SEED ADVISORY

COUNCIL

PLANT

PROTECTION

ADVISORY

COUNCIL

PLANT

QUARANTINE

DIVISION

ADMINISTRATION

HONOURABLE MINISTER

COLLABORATING

AGENCIES

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A. Crop Pests and Disease Management Division

B. Plant Quarantine Services Division

C. Seed Inspection and Certification Division

D. Pesticides and Fertilizer Regulatory Division

STRUCTURE OF NPPO

PLANT HEALTH CLINICS

9

85

105

115

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2016 2017 2018

Nu

mb

er

of

Clin

ics

Number of Clinics

1100

22001800

10500

11600 11400

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

2016 2017 2018

Clinic Sessions and Cases Submitted

Clinic Sessions Cases Submitted

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BIOCONTROL AGENTS RELEASED

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REGION BIOCONTROL AGENTNO. RELEASED

2017 2018

Volta Terestrius nigrescens (Tn) 2,000 1,500

Brong Ahafo Gyranusoidea tebygi 2,600 1,000

Ashanti Gyranusoidea tebygi 2,500 1,600

Eastern Gyranusoidea tebygi 2,800 2,200

Central Gyranusoidea tebygi 1,000 1,400

Volta Gyranusoidea tebygi 1,900 1,300

Central Acerophagus papayae 1,400 800

Western Acerophagus papayae 800 600

Ashanti Acerophagus papayae 700 1,600

Total 17,717 14,018Attipoe © 2019

FAW SITUATION FOR 2017 / 2018 (OCTOBER)

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REGION

Area infested with

FAW (Ha)

Total Area Sprayed

(Ha)

Total Area

Recovered (Ha)

Total Area

Destroyed (Ha)

2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018 2017 2018

Ashanti 87,577 41,646 87,577 41,646 78,279 41,646 9,298 0

Brong

Ahafo72,732 18,290 72,732 18,290 72,227 18,290 505 0

Central 19,789 5,246 19,789 5,246 18,199 5,238 1,590 8

Eastern 1,790 17,656 1,790 17,656 1,727 17,642 63 14

Greater

Accra11,745 1,507 11,745 1,507 11,715 1,507 30 0

Northern 6,359 3,865 6,359 3,865 4,995 3,836 1,364 29

Upper East 2,775 11,721 2,775 11,721 2,249 11,694 526 27

Upper

West27,490 5,305 27,490 5,305 27,025 5,305 465 0

Volta 9,384 9,561 9,384 9,561 9,042 9,561 342 0

Western 9,413 3,900 9,413 3,900 9,349 3,899 64 1

Total 249,054 118,697 249,054 118,697 234,807 118,618 14,247 79Attipoe © 2019

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PORTS OF ENTRY

Region Number of entry points

Greater Accra 2

Western 8

Brong Ahafo 8

Upper West 2

Northen 4

Volta 12

Upper East 7

Total 43

REGISTRATION OF IMPORTERS, EXPORTERS PLANTS & PLANT PRODUCTS & ISPM No.15

OPERATORS

13

63

95

125

105

255

192181

156

177 3 3

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2015 2016 2017 2018

Importers Exporters ISPM No.15 Operators

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FRUITS & VEGETABLES FIELDS INSPECTION

14

YEAR COMMODITIES

No. OF

FIELDS

DECLEARED

No. OF

TIMES

INPECTED

2016 Mango, Pineapple 80 196

2017Mango, Pineapple, Chilli,

Ravaya, Turia etc.120 287

2018Mango, Pineapple, Chilli,

Ravaya, Turia etc.445 815

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INSPECTION & CERTIFICATION OF COMMODITIES

15

3523

3549

67

142

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2016 2017 2018

No. of Intertnational Interceptions No. of Local Interceptions

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TRAINING OF EXPORTERS AND OUTGROWERS ON PRODUCTION PROTOCOLS AND

PHYTOSANITORY MEASURES

16

6 12 1696

597

849

0

200

400

600

800

1000

2016 2017 2018

NUMBER OF TRAININGS NO. BENEFICIARIES

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BREEDER SEEDS PRODUCTION

17

1.05 0.05

44.20

100.40

1.50 2.80 3.907.60

0.60 0.88

46.00

86.00

0.00 0.009.00

18.00

0.90 0.30

29.0034.40

0.01 0.00 0.00 0.000.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Ha MT Ha MT

2017 2018

Maize Rice Soybean Sorghum Groundnut Cowpea

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FOUNDATION SEEDS PRODUCTION

18

22.70 49.00

176.22

382.90

19.34 34.91 37.09 66.803.70 5.50

207.45

370.34

0.00 0.0073.91

151.70

0.09 0.1061.80 76.60

0.10 0.10 3.60 3.3045.93

89.61

560.07

1051.64

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.00

1200.00

Ha MT Ha MT

2017 2018Maize Rice Soybean Sorghum Groundnut Cowpea Total

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CERTIFIED SEED PRODUCTION

19

1538

37563451

8425

937

1866

2614

5204

370661

1227

2189

19 44 26 5812 13 219 2482 2 179 220

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

Ha MT Ha MT

2017 2018

Maize Rice Soybean Sorghum Groundnut Cowpea

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FERTILIZER COMPANY & PRODUCT REGISTRATION

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No. REGION DISTRIBUTORS RETAILERS TOTAL

REGISTERED

1 Northern 21 118 139

2 Upper West 18 108 126

3 Upper East 11 212 223

4 Brong Ahafo 24 343 353

5 Ashanti 29 190 205

6 Greater Accra 39 126 165

7 Volta 12 55 67

8 Eastern 8 54 62

9 Western 12 81 93

10 Central 4 113 117

Total 178 1,400 1,578

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FERTILIZER COMPANY & PRODUCT REGISTRATION

21

19 2618

60

154

25

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2016 2017 2018

COMPANY REGISTRATIONAttipoe © 2019

POST REGISTRATION MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE OF DEALERS

22

179

250

487

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2016 2017 2018Attipoe © 2019

TRAINING OF FARMERS AND INPUT DEALERS ON SAFE USE OF

PESTICIDES AND FERTILIZERS

23

453500

630

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2016 2017 2018Attipoe © 2019

CAPACITY BUILDING OF AEAS, FARMERS AND SPRAYING TEAMS ON PESTICIDE APPLICATION

AND MAINTENANCE OF SPRAYING

24

300500 550

2150 22652500

200 245 300

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2016 2017 2018

AEAs FARMERS SPRAYING TEAMSAttipoe © 2019

OVERVIEW OF CASES OF SURVEILLANCE, NON-COMPLIANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF

REGULATED PESTS

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•EU audit visits were made in 2012, 2015 , 2016 and 2017 due to export of non-compliant vegetables from Ghana

•This was followed by prohibition of the following vegetables; Capsicum spp L., Lagenaria spp Ser., Luffa spp Mill., Momordica spp L. and Solanum spp L. other than S. lycopersicum L.

•Pests of concern include, non-European Tephritidae, like Ceratitiscosyra (Walker), Bactrocera dorsalis, Thrips palmi Karny, Bemisiatabaci (Genn.) or Thaumatotibia leucotreta, etc

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•Surveillance and management activities include; monitoring of out-grower fields that are coded for traceability purposes and making recommendations regarding the use of pesticides, pheromone traps, sticker traps, protein baits and other Good Agricultural Practices such as farm sanitation.

• Regarding the impact on food safety, and environmental protection, only approve pesticides by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are used. Mostly, bio pesticides are used as per label instructions. Pre-harvest intervals are also strictly adhered to so that, exported produce are free from pesticide residues or within the acceptable MRLs

MANAGEMENT OF REGULATED PESTS CONT’D

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•Emerging pests regarding trade include the following; the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), non-European Tephritidae, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), Bactrocera dorsalis, Thrips palmi Karny, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and Thaumatotibia leucotreta

•The presence of these pests in exported commodities especially those destined for the EU has led to notifications of non-compliance that continue to increase in frequency and volume.

. INFORMATION ON EMERGING PESTS

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•Through the implementation of the ISPMs, the country is able to trade with other countries as well as safeguarding its agriculture from the introduction and spread of invasive species of pests.

•Some Bilateral Agreements signed; China and Lebanon, EU (EPA) etc

IDENTIFICATION OF OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

CHALLENGES IN PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES

•Lack of resources to implement some of them phytosanitary measures.

•Budgetary allocations to the NPPO is woefully inadequate.

•Developing countries like Ghana lack the capacity – physical, analytical and financial – to identify and pursue the cases of non-implementation or unilateral policy decisions concerning trade policy on the part of developed countries and seek their redressal under the existing framework.

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CHALLENGES IN PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES CONT’D

•Our SPS committee is almost non-functional or nonexistence because of financial resources for hosting meetings, taking decisions for implementation and also for travelling to the WTO meetings to participate in deliberations.

• Insufficient Capacity building for compliance

•We lack infrastructure such as training centres for staff capacity building

• Inspection facilities at the entry points to facilitate phytosanitary measures. 30

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SUGGESTIONS ON INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL AND BILATERAL COOPERATION IN

PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES AMONG THE CHINESE INITIATIVE “THE BELT AND ROAD”

COUNTRIES •A. Areas of cooperation for phytosanitary measures to be conducted by the IPPC secretariat

I. Funding for integration, training of stakeholders and implementation of the ephyto

II. Yearly mandatory training/workshop for developing countries Ministers of Food and Agriculture on the importance and role of NPPO’s of the IPPC

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SUGGESTIONS CONT’D

•B. Areas of cooperation for phytosanitary measures to be conducted by the Belt and Road Countries

I. Capacity building of technical staff in implementable diagnostic and treatment protocols of ISPMs

II. Establishment of PQ stations and offices at our entry points to aid in the joint border cooperation inspections as enshrined in the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA).

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SUGGESTIONS CONT’D

III. Establishment of a well-equipped national training facility with laboratories and residential accommodation at the PPRSD Head Office

IV. Establishment of a post entry quarantine facility at the PPRSD Head office

V. Establishment of new testing laboratories with international accreditation including programmes for training of entrepreneurs and workers at different levels

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SUGGESTIONS CONT’D

•C. Areas of cooperation for phytosanitary measures to be conducted by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture

I. Training of phytosanitary staff at the post graduate level in plant pathology, plant virology, nematology and entomology to enable them operate the post entry quarantine facility

II. Financial and technical assistance for electronic traceability system

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VISION WITHOUT ACTION IS DAY DREAM

AND

ACTION WITHOUT VISION IS NIGHTMARE

CHINESE PROVERB

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XIE XIE36

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