Country Presentation - Viet Nam

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The 5thADBI-OECD-ILO Roundtable onLabour Migration in Asia:

Building Effective Structures andInstitutions for Migration Governance

Shanghai, PRC, January 28

th

- 30

th

,2015)Represented by Ms. Tran Anh Thu, M.A

Head of Inspection Division

Department of Overseas Labour

Viet Nams Ministry of abour

- Invalids

and Social AffairsThe views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do notnecessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI),the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they

represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper andaccepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may notnecessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.


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1. Historical background of internationalmigration in Viet Nam

2. Impact of labour Migration andmobility

3. Viet Nams policies to maximize thepositive effects of migration while

minizingits negative impacts


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1. Historical background ofinternational migration in Viet

Nam

- Prior to 1975: people of Viet Nam mainlymigrated to countries in the region on a small

scale. - From 1975 to the late 1980s: 2 trends:

- Evacuees after the liberation of the SouthVietnam and National Reunification.

- Students and workers to Eastern Europecountries and former Soviet Union underbilateral agreements.


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1. Historical background ofinternational migration in Viet Nam

- From 1990 to date: the number ofcitizens of Viet Nam migrating abroad on

the dramatic rise, in various forms andwith complex characteristics. Up to now,about 4.5 million Vietnamese are living,working and studying in 103 countriesand territories.


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1. Historical background ofinternational migration in Viet Nam

Characteristics of population leavingViet Nam

Vietnamese going abroad falls into thosetypes of migration: labour, studying ormarriage, among which, contract-based

migrant worker is the remarkable trend.


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Characteristics of population leavingViet Nam

Labour migration:

500,000 Vietnamese migrant workers in46 countries and territories,

Major sectors: industry ,construction,textiles, electronics, domestic work, etc.

Remittance : approximately 2.0 billion USdollars per year


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2. Impact of labour Migration andmobility

2.1. Costs:

2.1.1.Brain drain: Pull factors (attractive factors)

+ Better pay and work conditions

+ Demand for talent for maintainingcompetitiveness: high tech in the destinationcountries.

+ Aggressive and pro-active recruitment policies ofdestination countries.

+ Social networks, colonial links

+ Policy regimes favouring skilled workers.


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2.1.1.Brain drain:

Push factors ( propellant factors)

+ Unsatisfactory salaries in Viet Nam

+ Non-available of research anddevelopment facilities

+ No chances for promotion,

+ Boring jobs


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2.1.1.Brain drain:

Solutions of Viet Nam:

creating a conducive working environmentthat could benefit the overseas

Vietnamese who want to go back. inviting the overseas intellectuals to

teach and conduct research at the

university level and beyond, buildingeducational centers, training centers andprojects.


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2.1.1.Brain drain:

Solutions of Viet Nam:

Having clear policies for attractingprominent overseas Vietnamese to visitthe country before they decide whetherthey should live and work in Viet Nam.

Implementing effective policies to lureback the overseas Vietnamese.


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2.1.2. Social cost:

- The absence of a parent (particularlythe mother) for a long spell causesdisruption in family life. Care of the

children becomes the responsibility ofthe spouse/elder children/grandparents/relations.

- Divorce rates among migrants are alsosupposed to be on the rise.


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2.1.2. Social cost:

Solution:To guide members of their families touse effectively the remitted money. TheState facilitates and encourages migrant

workers to invest the remittance inproduction or business activities andcreate jobs for others.


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2.2. Benefits of migration2.2.1. Brain gain:

Return migrants, in particular, bring backtheir skills and work experience fromabroad, thus boosting productivity.

Nearly 88.62% of Vietnamese migrantworkers improve their skills and workexperience, 90% of them upgrade theirforeign language level


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2.2. Benefits of migration

2.2.2. Reducing population pressure andforeign currency remittances:

Emigration also helps Viet Nam to ease

population pressures. Labour migration has brought economic

benefits to most of the returning

migrant workers.


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3.Viet Nams policies to maximizethe positive effects of migration

while minimizing its negative impacts

- To enhance the quality of the workers

- To enhance the management andprotection of the workers during theirworking abroad. To implement the signed

agreement on labor cooperation toprotect the rights of the workers


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- To enhance the responsibilities of theMinistries, branches and localities indeveloping the labor market and themanagement.

- Improving safe migration and rightsawareness


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CONCLUSION

It is important to have a comprehensiveand effective migration policy for the

purpose of maximizing the positiveimpacts of migration on the nationaldevelopment, protecting the legitimaterights and interests of migrant workers.


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Thank you foryour kind attention

Country Presentation - Viet Nam

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