Country Presentation

Nepal The 3rd Regional Forum on Sustainable

Agricultural Mechanization

Human Resource Development for

Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization

9-11 December 2015

Manila, the Philippines

Role of Academic and Research Institutions in

Human Resource Development for

Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization

in Nepal

Yam Kumar Rai

Program Coordinator

Department of Agricultural Engineering

Purwanchal Campus, Dharan

Nepal

Outline of Presentation

• Background

• Agriculture Scenario of Nepal

• Brief Introduction of Dept. of Agricultural Engineering

• Need of Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal, its Challenges and opportunities

• Role of Academic and Research Institutions, challenges and constraints

• Role of stakeholders for sustainable agricultural mechanization

• Suggestion for regional cooperation

• Conclusions

Background

S.N. Region Total Land Area % Cultivated Land Area

1 Mountain 35 2.17

2 Hill 42 11.4

3 Terai 23 12.46

4 Total Area % 100 26.03

Total Area= 147,181 sq km ( EW 885 km, NS 193 km )

Altitude = 60 m to 8,848 m

Total Populations = 26.5 M

Population growth rate per annum = 1.35 %

Agriculture Scenario of Nepal

Paddy Wheat Maize Millet barley

Mountain 0.42 0.39 0.59 0.38 0.1

Hill 2.67 2.02 4.25 1.42 0.18

Terai 6.54 2.95 0.78 0.06 0.01

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Are

a i

n %

Area covered by main crops

Mountain

Hill

Terai

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

Pro

du

ctio

n i

n(M

. T

on

)

Years

Paddy

Wheat

Maize

Millet

barley

Agriculture Scenario of Nepal

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Paddy Wheat Maize Millet barley

To

n/h

a

Productivity of main crops

Mountain

Hill

Terai

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

2001

/200

2

2002

/200

3

2003

/200

4

2004

/200

5

2005

/200

6

2006

/200

7

2007

/200

8

2008

/200

9

2009

/201

0

2010

/201

1

2011

/201

2

2012

/201

3

Pro

du

ctio

n (

M.

Ton

)

Production of Cash crops (Year)

Sugarcane

Oil seed

Tobacco

Potato

Agriculture Scenario of Nepal

Sugarcane

Oil seed Tobacc

o Potato

Mountain 244 3947 20 36739

Hill 909 42701 34 83948

Terai 63065 168952 1737 74427

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

Are

a (

ha)

Area covered by cash crops

Mountain

Hill

Terai

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Sugarcane Oil seed Tobacco Potato

Ton

/ha

Productivity of cash crops

Mountain

Hill

Terai

Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance

Tribhuvan University (TU)

Institute of Engineering (IOE)

Paschaimanchal

Campus

Pokhara

Thapathali

Campus, Ktm

Pulchowk

Campus

Lalitpur

Purwanchal

Campus

Dharan

Dept.

Agril.

Engg

Dept.

of Arc.

Dept.

of Civil

Engg.

Dept. of

comp.

Engg

Dept. of

Elec.Engg

Dept.

of Ex

Engg

Dept. of

Mech

Engg

RTCU

Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance

• Campus Established :- 1977 (Project started)

• Project was completed:-1986

• Low level skill manpower was produced

• Since 1992 medium level skill man power was produced

• In the year of 2000/2001 Purwanchal Campus lunched undergraduate four years program in Agricultural Engineering

• 300 undergraduate Engineers are handover to the nation

Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance

Courses offering by Dept. of Agricultural Engineering

• Farm Machinery and Power Engineering

• Soil Conservation and Watershed Management

Engineering

• Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

• Dairy and Food Engineering

• Post Harvest Engineering and Technology

• Renewable Energy Engineering

Dept. of Agricultural Engineering at a glance

Other Activities

• Research, Innovation and Development

• Organize the Training jointly with RTCU

• Workshop and Seminar

• Agricultural Engineering Technology Exhibition

• Journal Publication jointly with Agricultural Engineering Students Society

Need of Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal

• Agricultural work is drudgeries, time consuming

and tedious

• Lack of Agricultural worker

• Agricultural Occupation is Less Profitable

Occupation

• Reduction of the Food Deficit Problem of Nepal

Mechanization Challenges in Nepal

• Diversified topography

• Small land holding size (< 0.65 ha)

• Lack of infrastructure development

• Traditional thinking of farmer

• Lack of education

• Low investment capacity of farmer

• Lack of trained manpower

• Lack of local level developer

• Lack of spare parts of machineries and maintenance facilities

• Lack of coordination between related stakes holders

• Lack of commercialization of agriculture

• Weak government policy

Mechanization Opportunities in Nepal

• Design, development and modification of hand tools, animal drawn implements and small size power operated machines in mountain region

• Design, development and modification of hand tools, animal drawn implements and power tiller operated implements in hilly region

• Design, development and modification of hand tools, animal drawn implements, power tiller operated implements and Tractor drawn implements in terai region

• Establishment of small scale industries for machine and implements fabrication

• Establishment of repair and maintenance workshop

• Establishment of commercialization agriculture system

• Establishment of custom hiring business

• Establishment of cooperative farming and land consolidation system

• Bust up the agri-business

Agricultural Mechanization Stakeholders in

Nepal

• Academic Institutes (IOE; Purwanchal Campus,

Department of Agricultural Engineering)

• Research Institutes ( NARC, Agricultural

Engineering Division)

• Directorate of Agricultural Engineering (MoA)

• Suppliers, Fabricators, Maintenance shop

& custom hiring Service Provider

Relation Between Agricultural Mechanization

Stakeholders

Academic

Suppliers, Fabricators,

Maintenance shop

& custom hiring Service

Provider

Directorate

of

Agricultural

Engineering

(MoA)

Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural

Mechanization

Academic

Institutions

Qualified

Manpower

Production Research

Training Dissemination

Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural

Mechanization

Research

Institutions

Research

Testing

Recommendation Training

Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural

Mechanization

Directorate of

Agricultural

Engineering

(MoA)

Formulation of

Agricultural

Mechanization

Policy

Building the

Agricultural

Mechanization

Act

Provide

Mechanization

Guidelines to Other

Stakeholders

Technology

Extension and

Training

Role of Stakeholders for Agricultural

Mechanization

Training

Farmers

Blacksmiths

Fabricators

Maintenance

shops

Custom hiring

service

provider

Suppliers

Suggestion for Regional Cooperation for

Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal

• Bust up the Capacity of Academic Institutions Providing the Training to the Human Resources

• Scholarship to the Faculty Members and Students Should be Provided by Regional Cooperation

• Bust up the Capacity of Academic and Research Institutions Providing Laboratory Facilities and Fund

• Research exchange program should be established With regional cooperation and Academic and

Research institutions of Nepal

Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization is not

Possible With a Single Stakeholder;

Therefore, Mutual Cooperation is Necessary

of all the Stakeholders and Regional

Cooperators to Solve the Problem Faced in

Agricultural Mechanization in Nepal