Country Presentation: National Overview Scott Swisher The Kingdom of Denmark The Kingdom of Sweden...
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Country Presentation: National Country Presentation: National OverviewOverview
Scott SwisherScott Swisher
The Kingdom of DenmarkThe Kingdom of Denmark
The Kingdom of SwedenThe Kingdom of Sweden
The Kingdom of FinlandThe Kingdom of Finland
Geography / DemographicsGeography / Demographics
DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland
Total AreaTotal Area 43,094 km²43,094 km² 449,964 km²449,964 km² 338,144 km²338,144 km²
% Water% Water 1.6%1.6% 8.67%8.67% 9.4%9.4%
PopulationPopulation 5,432,3355,432,335 9,001,7749,001,774 5,233,4425,233,442
Population Population DensityDensity
125 ppl/km²125 ppl/km² 20 ppl/km²20 ppl/km² 17.1 ppl/km²17.1 ppl/km²
Population Population Growth RateGrowth Rate
0.34%0.34% 0.17%0.17% 0.16%0.16%
DemographicsDemographics
DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinlandNet Migration Net Migration RateRate
2.53/10002.53/1000 1.67/10001.67/1000 0.89/10000.89/1000
Life Life ExpectancyExpectancy
77.62 years77.62 years 80.4 years80.4 years 78.35 years78.35 years
Ethnic GroupsEthnic Groups Scandinavian, Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, Inuit, Faroese, German, German, Turkish, Turkish, Iranian, Iranian, Somali Somali
Swedes, Swedes, Finnish, Sami, Finnish, Sami, Finns, Finns, Yugoslavs, Yugoslavs, Danes, Danes, Norwegians, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks Greeks, Turks
Finn 93.4%Finn 93.4%
Swede 5.7% Swede 5.7% Russian 0.4% Russian 0.4% Estonian 0.2% Estonian 0.2% Roma 0.2%Roma 0.2%
Sami 0.1% Sami 0.1%
Economic StatisticsEconomic Statistics
DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland
GDP (PPP)GDP (PPP) $174.4 bil.$174.4 bil. $255.4 bil.$255.4 bil. $151.2 bil.$151.2 bil.
GDP/capitaGDP/capita $32,200$32,200 $28,400$28,400 $29,000$29,000
GDP growthGDP growth 2.1%2.1% 3.6%3.6% 3%3%
GDP by GDP by sectorsector
Agri: 2.2%Agri: 2.2%
Ind: 25.5%Ind: 25.5%
Serv: 72.3%Serv: 72.3%
Agri: 2%Agri: 2%
Ind: 29%Ind: 29%
Serv: 69%Serv: 69%
Agri: 3.3%Agri: 3.3%
Ind: 30.2%Ind: 30.2%
Serv: 66.5%Serv: 66.5%
Economic Statistics, Cont.Economic Statistics, Cont.
DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland
Inflation RateInflation Rate 1.4%1.4% 0.7%0.7% 0.7%0.7%
Unemployment Unemployment RateRate
6.2%6.2% 5.6%5.6% 8.9%8.9%
Gov’t RevenueGov’t Revenue $136.1 bil.$136.1 bil. $201.3 bil.$201.3 bil. $96.43 bil.$96.43 bil.
Gov’t Gov’t ExpenditureExpenditure
$133.4 bil.$133.4 bil. $199.6 bil.$199.6 bil. $91.95 bil.$91.95 bil.
Gov’t BalanceGov’t Balance + $2.7 bil.+ $2.7 bil. + $1.7 bil.+ $1.7 bil. + $4.48 bil.+ $4.48 bil.
Economic Statistics Cont. 2Economic Statistics Cont. 2
DenmarkDenmark SwedenSweden FinlandFinland
Outstanding Outstanding Public DebtPublic Debt
(% of GDP)(% of GDP)
42.5%42.5% 51.6%51.6% 46.8%46.8%
Current Current Account Account BalanceBalance
$6.529 bil.$6.529 bil. $24.08 bil.$24.08 bil. $11.39 bil.$11.39 bil.
Joined EU inJoined EU in 19731973 19951995 19951995
European Monetary UnionEuropean Monetary Union
Denmark – no to EMUDenmark – no to EMU Gov’t has met convergence criteria for 3Gov’t has met convergence criteria for 3rdrd stage. stage. Decision to not use the euro reconfirmed in Sept. Decision to not use the euro reconfirmed in Sept.
2000 referendum.2000 referendum. Danish currency, krone, is pegged to the euro.Danish currency, krone, is pegged to the euro.
Sweden – no to EMUSweden – no to EMU Easily meets convergence criteria for 3Easily meets convergence criteria for 3rdrd stage. stage. Decided not to join eurozone in 1997.Decided not to join eurozone in 1997. In September 2003 a euro referendum failed by In September 2003 a euro referendum failed by
8%.8%.
European Monetary Union Cont.European Monetary Union Cont.
Finland – yes to EMUFinland – yes to EMU One of 11 countries to join eurozone on 1 Jan. One of 11 countries to join eurozone on 1 Jan.
1999.1999. The markka, the national currency, was replaced The markka, the national currency, was replaced
by the euro in early 2002.by the euro in early 2002. Rapidly integrating with the EU and Western Rapidly integrating with the EU and Western
Europe.Europe.
Fiscal Policy : The EU budgetFiscal Policy : The EU budget
Fiscal Policy Cont.Fiscal Policy Cont.
Net Payments to the EU Net Payments to the EU (Contributions – Receipts)(Contributions – Receipts)
Net Payments to the EU by Member States
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year
Net
Pay
men
ts t
o t
he
EU
Denmark
Finland
Sweden
Million Euro
Common Agricultural Policy / SubsidiesCommon Agricultural Policy / Subsidies
Agricultural InterestsAgricultural Interests
Denmark: Fishing, food Denmark: Fishing, food processing, meat, grain, hides, processing, meat, grain, hides, seeds, net exporter.seeds, net exporter.
Sweden: Grain, sugarbeets, Sweden: Grain, sugarbeets, potatoes, pig production, potatoes, pig production, dairy, especially milk.dairy, especially milk.
Finland: Grain, meat, fishing, Finland: Grain, meat, fishing, dairy products, extensive rural dairy products, extensive rural agriculture.agriculture.
SubsidiesSubsidies
Denmark: Future reductions Denmark: Future reductions in CAP fishing subsidy being in CAP fishing subsidy being planned.planned.
Sweden: Limited growing Sweden: Limited growing ability countered by area aid, ability countered by area aid, livestock premiums, livestock premiums, environmental subsidy.environmental subsidy.
Finland: Harsh conditions, Finland: Harsh conditions, short growing season require short growing season require long-run subsidy.long-run subsidy.
Social PolicySocial Policy
Social WelfareSocial Welfare Denmark: Extensive welfare Denmark: Extensive welfare
safety net including national safety net including national pension, large public sector, pension, large public sector, unemployment benefits unemployment benefits through trade unions.through trade unions.
Sweden: Archetypical welfare Sweden: Archetypical welfare state with extensive child-care state with extensive child-care and social welfare systems, and social welfare systems, union unemployment benefits.union unemployment benefits.
Finland: Child day care, Finland: Child day care, smaller national pension, smaller national pension, smaller health care benefit.smaller health care benefit.
ImmigrationImmigration Denmark: Increasing Denmark: Increasing
immigration induces anti-immigration induces anti-immigration legislation from immigration legislation from conservative elements.conservative elements.
Sweden: Large immigrant Sweden: Large immigrant population from Finland, population from Finland, Serbia, Bosnia, allow Serbia, Bosnia, allow relatively free immigration relatively free immigration flows.flows.
Finland: Limited immigration Finland: Limited immigration flows gradually increasing, flows gradually increasing, almost all native population.almost all native population.
External RelationsExternal Relations
DenmarkDenmark Exports: $66.2 bil., Imports: $56.4 bil., trading partners: Exports: $66.2 bil., Imports: $56.4 bil., trading partners:
Germany (21%), Sweden (13%), UK (8%).Germany (21%), Sweden (13%), UK (8%). Supporter of US, sometimes reluctant supporter of EU.Supporter of US, sometimes reluctant supporter of EU.
SwedenSweden Exports: $102.8 bil., Imports: $83.27 bil., major trading partners: Exports: $102.8 bil., Imports: $83.27 bil., major trading partners:
US, EU, Norway, and the UK.US, EU, Norway, and the UK. Heavy participation in UN and NATO peacekeeping efforts.Heavy participation in UN and NATO peacekeeping efforts.
FinlandFinland Exports: $57.7 bil., sold to EU (53%), US (8%), Russia (8%).Exports: $57.7 bil., sold to EU (53%), US (8%), Russia (8%). Imports: $45.6 bil., from EU (55%), Russia (11.9%), US (5%).Imports: $45.6 bil., from EU (55%), Russia (11.9%), US (5%). Political ties to Russia, Sweden, and Norway.Political ties to Russia, Sweden, and Norway.