Country Presentation: Education in Indonesia
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Transcript of Country Presentation: Education in Indonesia
Education in Indonesia
ECS-51806 | Education and DevelopmentWageningen University and Research - November 2016
Hijjaz SutriadiLeah SitunayakeYared Stifanos
General Overview
Country Profile
Republic of Indonesia
255 millions
87% 10%
GDP 16th
GDP-PPP 8th
20% of govt’expenditure
HDI 0.684110th medium
Education in Indonesia: HISTORY
Hindu-Buddhist civilization (7th century)
karsyan
Islamic era (13th century)
pesantren
Colonial era(17th – mid 20th century)
school gakkō
Japanese occupation (1942 - 1945)
sekolah/madrasah
Post-independence (1945 - present)
Education System in IndonesiaDoctorate (S3)
Magister (S2)
Bachelor (S1)
Secondary school (SMA)
Diploma (D4/D3/D2/D1)
Vocational school (SMK)
Junior secondary school (SMP)
Primary school (SD)
Islamic university (UIN)
Islamic secondary (MA)
Islamic junior secondary (MTs)
Islamic primary (MI)
public and/or private public and/or private
religion-affiliatedschool
4years
2years
1-4years
3years
3years
6years
18-22 years old
15-18 years old
12-15 years old
6-12 years old
attendance age
(incl. Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism)
Education in Indonesia: FIGURES
50 millions
300,000
3 millions
4thbiggest
students
teachers
schools
96.9% 95.2%
Data: ASEAN 2013
67% 67.5%
21.8% 24.4%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
primary secondary tertiary
female male
enrolment rate
Data: World Bank 2010
Framework Analysis
Framework Analysis
C.J.H.M. van Dam
economy
social
politics
technology
education
Politics and Economy of Indonesia
1945 – 1960s
young and inexperienced government
political instability
low literacy rate
poverty and hunger
new order1960s – 1990s
inflation GDP grew
high economy growthauthoritarian government
literacy increased
corrupt govt
reformasi
1998 - present
post-independence
stable economy growthdemocratic system
income inequality
freedom of speech
1997
Asianfinancial
crisis
post-reformasi
GDP grows
Economy on Education
20%
governmentexpenditure
educationothers
13.6%
43.6%
42.8%
agriculture
services
industry
GDP
Education on Economy
2015
14.2 million
7.1 million
services
industry
manufacture4.4 million
2millionlabor
forces/year
Job Creation
enter the market
Quality (?)
Education on Economy
rural urban
lowwage
lowliteracy
competitivejobs
betteroffer
Politics on Education
84%
16%
Ministry of National Education
Ministry of Religious Affairs
Higher access
Improved quality
Better governanceSchool operation funds
Power + influence --> changing curriculum
Education on Politics
19981974
Student-led demonstration
Call for freedom of expression
Call for social and economic justice
Call for democratic leadership
Social on Education
Social status
position
age
Teacher-centered learning approach
social values and norms
Education on Social
compulsory teaching(primary – secondary)
religious norms and values embedded in society
Opportunity Threat
value of diversity potential riot
Technology on Education
Indonesia Integrated Online Course
Quality AccessiblityCHALLENGE !
Ministry of National Education
Education on Technology
Technical Vocational Education and Training
(TVET)
Demand-driven
Practice-oriented programs
USD 54,000per vocational
school
shipping
electronics
manufacture
agriculture
fisheries
Open Discussion
Problem Statement
Religion education prevents proper development (?)
agree with the statement Disagree with the statement
Subjective thinking
Not factual for critical thinking
Indoctrination
Norms and values
Personal development
Social tool