Country Paper- RE Interventions in Bangladesh-4 March 2007
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Transcript of Country Paper- RE Interventions in Bangladesh-4 March 2007
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Country paper
Renewable Energy interventions in
Bangladesh
Beijing, China
Tazmilur Rahman
11-16 March 2007
Geographical location: Between 20034 and 26038 North latitude;
88001 and 92041 East longitude
Area: 144,570 sq km
Population: 141 million [ population density 941/km2]
Literacy rate: 43%
Per Capita GNI: US$ 440
Per Capita energy consumption 157 kgoe (2003)
Per Capita Electricity Consumption: 144 kWh, annually
Access to grid electricity: 32% people
Country Profile
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Introduction:
Despite only 32% population has access to the National grid, TheGovernment of Bangladesh a noble vision to provide electricity forall by the year 2020
Target of meeting 5% of total electricity demand from RE by 2010and 10% by the year 2020
For the last three decades attempts have been made by GOs,NGOs, and Development partners to promote modern REtechnologies.
Modern Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) are in theresearch, development and demonstration phase
Policy support
Government of Bangladesh has declared National Energy Policyin 1996 which fosters Renewable Energy development
A Draft Renewable Energy Policy has been submitted by thePower Cell of MEMR which is yet to be approved by the GOB
Exemption of income tax for up to three years for the expatriatepersonnel employed under the approved industry
Tax exemption on royalties, technical know how and technicalassistance fees and facilities for their repatriation
Establishment of Renewable Energy Development Agency(REDA) has been proposed
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Present Incentives in the RE sector
In 1998, GOB lifted import duty and Value Added Tax(VAT) from solar photovoltaic and wind turbines
Solar PV program of different government bodies(BPDB, LGED, REB) are basically subsidy driven
Present subsidy for family-size biogas plant is 75
GOB will establish a RE trust fund to finance REproject, and R&D activities
Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh:
Solar Energy
Average solar radiation varies between 4 to 6.5 kWhm-2day-1
Maximum amount of radiation is available in the month ofMarch-April and minimum in December-January.
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Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh:
Wind Energy
Bangladesh Renewable Energy Research Centre (RERC) hasconducted solar and wind energy resource assessment throughSWERA project
LGED in collaboration with BUET has installed twenty windmonitoring stations to measure wind data.
However a comprehensive wind resource assessment is not yetcompleted.
Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh:Wind Energy
Primary result indicates limited prospects of wind resources inthe main land because average velocity was found about 3-4 ms -1,however in the coastal belt for a period of five to six months windspeed was found 5-7 ms-1. Therefore low cut-in speed wind turbinemay be useful in that region. Furthermore Bangladesh has about700km long coastal belt, around 200km hilly coast line and about
50 offshore island where wind-solar hybrid could be a promisingoption.
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Wind Monitoring Stations : 20
Partner Institutions : BUET,BIT(Chittagong)
Study Period : 4 years
Geographical Coverage : Coastal areas,CHT, Haor areas
Purposes : Long term systematic wind
data for wind resource mapping
Wind Energy Resource Mapping (WERM)
Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh
Biomass Energy Biomass has a significant contribution to the energy consumption.About 68% of total final energy comes from biomass resources.
There are about 22 million cattle which could produce about 7million m3 biogas per day.
Main sources of biomass fuels are:Trees (wood fuels, twigs, leaves, plant residues)Agricultural Residues (paddy husk, bran, bagasse,jute stick etc.) and
Livestock (animal dung), Poultry dropping, Waste,
Marine Plants, Human excreta.Total wood fuel consumption of the country is 8 million m3 wheredomestic cooking accounts for estimated 5.1 million m3 (63%)annually and the industrial and commercial sectors 2.9 million m3
annually (37%).
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1225812139120331179011539Total
13611317127312301186Other wastes
15371484143113781325Twigs and leaves
12721219121911661166Fire wood
392366366340314Bagasse
28542898285428102810Rice hulls
12181418140914291375Rice straw
9229661010966922Jute stick
25022471247124712441Cow-dung
2003-042002-032001-022000-011990-00Fuels
Energy supplied by traditional biomass fuels in 000 tons of coal equivalent
Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
Bio-gas & Bio-fertilizer potential:
There are about 22 million of cattle which excrete about 0.22
million tons of dung per day.
This can produce on an average 2.72x109 m3 of biogas/year.
3.840.07Pressed mud6.
740.0010.00Water hyacinth5.
115.001072Garbage4.
1226.4032.85Human excreta3.
191.602.05Poultry droppings2.
2971.1060.2Cow/Buffalos
dung
1.
Yearly gas Production (inmillion cubic meter)
Organic Fertilizer(in million tons)
Raw materialsSl.
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Jatropha cultivation at the Bangladesh Agricultural University
Species : Jatropha curcasEnglish name: Physic nut,
purge nut,
pig nut,
JatrophaAgronomy:
Germination: takes 7-10 daysFlowering:By cutting the planted branch takes
3-4 months and by seedling it takes
About a year for flowering
Pruning: Once a year
Jatropha oil can be used as a direct replacement for kerosene for cooking andlighting. Different parts of Jatropha have medicinal values
Prospect of Bio-fuel cultivation in Bangladesh
Jatropha - composition
Oil (58%)
Seeds
Minus capsule sheaths (35%)
Minus seed shells (35%)
Kernels
Seed cake (42%)
Jatropha-capsules 1000kg
350kg
650kg
228kg
245kg 177kg
422kg
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Bangladesh is a riverine country with three main rivers(1) Ganges (2) Brahmaputra and (3) Jamuna.
Numerous rivers flow across the country which are mostlytributaries of these main rivers.
About 1.4 trillion cubic meter of water flows through the countryin an average water year. Out of these, 57 rivers are Transboundary
which originate from India and Myanmar.
Apart from the south-eastern region, other parts of the country aremostly flat in nature.
Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh
Hydro Energy
Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh
Hydro Energy
230MW is being generated from the Kaptai hydro project. PDBhas a plan to extend another unit of hydro power of capacity of100MW
The first micro-hydro power unit of capacity 10kW has beeninstalled by LGED at Bamerchara, Chittagong district. On the otherhand BPDB has installed another 50kW capacity Diesel-hydrohybrid power unit at Barkal, Rangamati
BWDB and BPDB have identified nineteen sites for micro-hydro
which have total potentials of generating about 1200 KW
LGED has identified seven pico-hydro sites at the CHT region
which have total potentials of about 140kW
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Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh
Hydro EnergyPotential small hydro sites identified by BPDB and BWDB
4819. Fulkumar at Raiganj Bazar
3218. Buri Khora Chikli at NizbariRangpur
1117. Punarbhaba at Singraban
4816. Tangon at D/S of Nargun L.L.P
3215. Pathraj at Fulbari
2414. Talam at U/S. of Talam L.L.P
3213. Chawai at U/S. of Chawai L.L.P
2412. Dahuk at BurabariDinajpur
35Kw for 10 months11. Marisi at Dukabad near JhinaigatiJamalpur
69Kw for 10 months10. Bhugai-Kongsa at 2 miles U/S. of NalitabariJamalpur
6169. Ranga pani GungSylhet
788. Madhab Chara1500ft. from fallSylhet
267. Nikhari CharaSylhet
106. BudiacharaChittagong
105. LungicharaChittagong
814. SealockChittagong Hill Tracts
123. Hinguli CharaChittagong
152. Choto KumiraChittagong
41. Foys lakeChittagong
Potential of Electrical
Energy in KW
Name River/ Chara/StreamDistrict
Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh
Hydro Energy
Potential small hydro sites identified by LGED
-3507.5 KWMonjaipara, Bandarban
3630030 KWThang Khrue, Rangamati
9815020 KWKamalchar, Rangamati
3850020 KWLiragaon, Bandarban
51260025 KWBangchari, Bandarban
2520030 KWChang-oo-Para, Bandarban
131003 KWNunchari Tholipara,Khagrachari
SmallIndustry
School /Mosque /Bazaar /
Clinic
House hold
Socio-economic Infrastructure within 1 KmExpectedPowerGeneration
Site
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Renewable Energy Resources in Bangladesh:
Tidal and Wave Energy
Average tidal head was observed about 1-2 metersFrom seven gauge stations installed at the
St. Martins Island
No initiative is taken to explore wave energy
Major Renewable Energy players in Bangladesh
Govt. and Institutions:
Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) Rural Electrification Board (REB) Renewable Energy Research Centre (RERC) Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET) Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) BCSIR, IDCOL
Development partners:
UNDP World Bank GTZ JBIC
NGOs:
Grameen Shakti
BRAC Prakaushali Sangsad Ltd. Shubashati Thangamara Mohila Sobuj Shangha (TMSS)
Private Organizations: Rahimafrooz Solar Ltd.
Fare Trade Ltd. Micro Electronics Ltd. Nebula Techno Solutions Ltd.
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Summary of Renewable Energy utilization
900kWWind generator11.
10 unitsSolar thermal (Water heater)04.
5 NosWind pumps06.
Around 100Biomass briquetting machines10.
Above 300,000Improved Cooking Stoves09.
Around 25000Biogas plants08.
60 KwMicro-hydro07.
20kWWind-Solar hybrid05.
50 kWpOther PV applications04.
Above 500Solar lantern03.
Around 400LED home systems02.
Above 150,000Solar home systems01.
Number of unitsTechnologyNO
Electricity generation pattern, 2004
4% 7%
88.80%
0.20%
Hydro Oil Natural gas Renewables
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Barriers to commercialize RE
Awareness barrier
Policy barrier
Financing barrier
Institutional barrier
Technical barrier
Market barrier
Information barrier
Human resource barrier
Some milestone initiatives to
disseminate RETs in Bangladesh
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Some RE interventions
SHS
Solar street lights GS electrification
SPV pumping
SPV Health centre
Solar mini grid
LED home systems
Wind Solar hybrid
Electricity from poultry waste
Micro-hydro units
Biogas units
Capacity building
World Env day Offgrid mapping
REIN
Conclusions:
Bangladesh is endowed with vast renewable energy resources such as solar insolation,
wind energy, biomass and small hydro.
Harnessing these resources appears to be a promising solution for improving the quality of
life of rural villagers, who are unlikely to have access to conventional electricity supply in
the foreseeable future.
renewable projects are mainly
donor driven programs for rural and off-grid electrification
But in the developing countries, renewable projects are mainly
donor driven programs for rural and off-grid electrification
Renewables are slowly finding a niche market in Bangladesh
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tazmilur gmail.com
For your valuable comments and further quary .