Myanmar

China

Lao PDR

Viet Nam

Cambodia

Malaysia

ThailandThailand

Surawit Khonsomboon, MD.Surawit Khonsomboon, MD.Deputy Minister ofDeputy Minister ofMinistry of Public Health, Thailand Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

1.Achieving Sanitation for All 1.Achieving Sanitation for All

2. Public Toilet Development Program2. Public Toilet Development Program

3. Beyond MDGs: Sustainable Sanitation Towards 3. Beyond MDGs: Sustainable Sanitation Towards Sufficiency EconomySufficiency Economy

4. Challenges Faced in Promotion Sanitation in 4. Challenges Faced in Promotion Sanitation in Hard to Reach Areas Hard to Reach Areas

31.34, 31%

0.95, 1%

67.59, 68%

0.11, 0%

Population in Urban 68.55%

Population in Rural 31.45%

Sanitary Toilet in Rural

Unsanitar y Toilet in Rural

Sanitary Toilet in Urban

Unsanitar y Toilet in Urban

Toilet Coverage

Household Toilet Coverage 98.93%

Figure 1 Household Toilet Coverage 2005, Thailand Figure 1 Household Toilet Coverage 2005, Thailand

3

After more than 4 decades of effort with support from USAID, UNICEF, WHO, UNDP, KFW and private company. Thailand had achieved the UN decade development goals by 2000 of Universal Sanitation (98.11%). In 2005, the coverage of household latrine is 98.94 % throughout the country. While the rest in remote areas has been concerned and the project for improving appropriate toilets and practicing hygienic behavior has been launched by the Department of Health.

4

Key Success Factors:Key Success Factors:

There are 7 key success factors;There are 7 key success factors;

1. Strong political commitment, and explicit national policy on 1. Strong political commitment, and explicit national policy on sanitation development*sanitation development*

2. Strong government leadership at all levels from national to 2. Strong government leadership at all levels from national to provincial and locals*provincial and locals*

3. Adequate human resources and manpower development at all 3. Adequate human resources and manpower development at all levels through effective traininglevels through effective training

4. Appropriate technology for sustainable development4. Appropriate technology for sustainable development-economically feasible-economically feasible-socially feasible-socially feasible-culturally feasible*-culturally feasible*

1. This program was integrated in 8 consecutive Five-year National Development Plans from 1961 to 2002, 1st to 8th Plans (40 years) with budget allocation in each plan.

4.Several types of sanitary latrines were promoted, pour flash latrine was found suitable to the Thai people’s lifestyle and affordable by most households. Water is available in each household for cleaning the latrine as rainwater harvesting is widely practicing by families and the community water supply was constructed in parallel with building the latrines.

2. Provincial Governors took the lead to develop their respective provincial plans for achieving 100% sanitary latrine and to facilitate inter agencies collaboration and mobilization of local resources. Government’s Award Scheme for “100% sanitation province” created great momentum for competition between provinces thus accelerating the achievement.

5

Key Success Factors Key Success Factors (cont.)(cont.)

5. Efficient and effective financial resources utilization*5. Efficient and effective financial resources utilization*6.Mornitoring and Supervision*6.Mornitoring and Supervision*7. Clear responsibility, assigned to a single government 7. Clear responsibility, assigned to a single government agency, was a key factor for achieving universal sanitation*agency, was a key factor for achieving universal sanitation*

5.Government allocated budget for various trainings to build up the capacity of the staff at all levels on management, demonstration, supervision and monitoring. The establishment of revolving fund at grassroots to shift financial investment from “government” to “people” resulted in meeting people demand for sanitary latrine and generating local employment.

6. During the project period, Government provided adequate manpower resources for implementation at all levels ensuring proper supervision and management down to village level.

Monitoring and supervision also are systematic and efficient system.

7. MoPH provided program continuity, clear focal roles and responsibility of officers at all levels.

In conclusion, I would like to reaffirm here that;In conclusion, I would like to reaffirm here that;

Political will and commitment as well as adequate resource Political will and commitment as well as adequate resource allocation to support sanitation is very crucial to allocation to support sanitation is very crucial to accomplishment of sanitation coverage.accomplishment of sanitation coverage.

Investment in sanitation is not just a cost, but with good Investment in sanitation is not just a cost, but with good management system and adequate human resources, it can management system and adequate human resources, it can bring benefits including the health of the people, less bring benefits including the health of the people, less spending on health care cost. It can also mitigate spending on health care cost. It can also mitigate environmental pollution impacts. environmental pollution impacts.

  

  

After achieving almost universal sanitation, then we are After achieving almost universal sanitation, then we are going to improve the quality of toilet.going to improve the quality of toilet. At present, 69% of At present, 69% of Thai population lives in urban areas, most of whom Thai population lives in urban areas, most of whom spend their lives outside the home, working and spend their lives outside the home, working and travelling in various places, so using a public toilet is travelling in various places, so using a public toilet is necessary. The 2004 survey on public toilets revealed necessary. The 2004 survey on public toilets revealed that they had foul smell and dirtiness, and that there were that they had foul smell and dirtiness, and that there were no special toilets for people with disabilities, the elderly, no special toilets for people with disabilities, the elderly, and pregnant women. and pregnant women.

7

2.Public Toilet Development Program2.Public Toilet Development Program

8

31

0. %

2.7 2.7%%

88

5.5.33 %%

50.050.0 %%

7.7 %

7 %

Faecal coliform contamination in Public toilets*Faecal coliform contamination in Public toilets*

Faecal coliform bacteria were Faecal coliform bacteria were also found in many public toilets also found in many public toilets in Bangkok, especially on hand-in Bangkok, especially on hand-hold of rinsing spray, room floors, hold of rinsing spray, room floors, toilet seats, faucets at flush toilet seats, faucets at flush valves, and washbasins valves, and washbasins and door bolts or inner door knobs.

ObjectivesObjectives

To develop public toilets to meet To develop public toilets to meet the standards of health, accessibility the standards of health, accessibility and safety*and safety*

To promote people to To promote people to practice practice health behaviorshealth behaviors

To encourage local To encourage local authoritiesauthorities to to have a good human excreta have a good human excreta managementmanagement

2.Public Toilet Development Program* 2.Public Toilet Development Program* (cont.)(cont.)

9

In order to Improve San. Condition, Thailand is in the process of encouraging people to have good behaviour and use sanitary toilets by improving existing toilets so that they are not the source of contamination, both for infrastructure and superstructure.

Health for not to be the source of contaminating pathogens Access for all age, sex, disabilitySafety form accident and crime

1. Creating a participation strategy 1. Creating a participation strategy 2. Public communication strategy 2. Public communication strategy 3. Social measures and law enforcement strategy3. Social measures and law enforcement strategy4. Knowledge and learning strategy4. Knowledge and learning strategy

To achieve the objectives in a sustainable manner, the four To achieve the objectives in a sustainable manner, the four strategies are implementedstrategies are implemented

10

2.Public Toilet Development Program* 2.Public Toilet Development Program* (cont.)(cont.)

Department of Health has collaborated with private sectors to share information regarding HAS toilets by digital maps, GPS Navigator, and state highway map. Such project was widely known and accepted from people.

GPS Navigator, and State Highway MapGPS Navigator, and State Highway Map

In sustainable sanitation operation, the waste is regarded as resources to be used In sustainable sanitation operation, the waste is regarded as resources to be used according to the technical principles in a hygienic and safe manner so that it according to the technical principles in a hygienic and safe manner so that it will not cause any disease outbreak, is acceptable to the people, based on local will not cause any disease outbreak, is acceptable to the people, based on local appropriate technology, for environmental conservation as well as economic appropriate technology, for environmental conservation as well as economic benefits and self-reliance.benefits and self-reliance.

In this effort, the DoH uses the Total Participation and Social Movement In this effort, the DoH uses the Total Participation and Social Movement Strategies in widely implementing , beginning from the sources of wastes and Strategies in widely implementing , beginning from the sources of wastes and then transferring the rest to local government organizations (LGOs) for further then transferring the rest to local government organizations (LGOs) for further actions. The operations are divided into various levels as follows:actions. The operations are divided into various levels as follows:

The family level: The family level: encourage the people to separate solid waste and make use encourage the people to separate solid waste and make use of human excreta and urine.of human excreta and urine.

The School/workplace level: The School/workplace level: encourage schools/hospitals to use urine as encourage schools/hospitals to use urine as organic fertilizer and separate solid for reuse purposes to cut down on organic fertilizer and separate solid for reuse purposes to cut down on expenditures, increase revenue and reduce greenhouse gas emission.expenditures, increase revenue and reduce greenhouse gas emission.

The community level: The community level: promote all local government organizations to pump promote all local government organizations to pump human excreta from households for composting to be used as organic fertilizer.human excreta from households for composting to be used as organic fertilizer.13

3. 3. Beyond MDGs: Sustainable Sanitation Towards Beyond MDGs: Sustainable Sanitation Towards Sufficiency EconomySufficiency Economy

The Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, will go forward to The Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, will go forward to implement the concept of sustainable sanitation and Sufficiency implement the concept of sustainable sanitation and Sufficiency Economy for dealing with climate change mitigation and Economy for dealing with climate change mitigation and adaptation, and reducing health impacts from improper adaptation, and reducing health impacts from improper management of sanitation. There are many success stories of management of sanitation. There are many success stories of sustainable sanitation management in Thailand that can be shared. sustainable sanitation management in Thailand that can be shared. One topic will be presented in this conference is One topic will be presented in this conference is Sustainable Sustainable Sanitation through GREEN and CLEAN Hospital Approach: A Sanitation through GREEN and CLEAN Hospital Approach: A Strategy for Reducing Global Warming.Strategy for Reducing Global Warming.

Thailand welcomes to cooperate with other countries in the Thailand welcomes to cooperate with other countries in the region in improving sanitation and hygiene to achieve MDGs by region in improving sanitation and hygiene to achieve MDGs by the year 2015.the year 2015.

14

4. Challenges Faced in Promotion Sanitation in Hard to Reach Areas

Thank You Thank You for Your for Your AttentionAttention