Country Comparison Between India and China
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Transcript of Country Comparison Between India and China
Country Comparison Between India and China
Presented ByMd. Inzamul HaqueSaiful Islam ShipuSarwar Jahan TalukderR.M Shafiullah Khan
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
Coordinates-India: 20 00 N, 77 00 EChina: 35 00 N, 105 00 E
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• Earliest orgin: The Indus Valley Civilization• Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the
Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C; their merger with the earlier Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture.
• Golden Age ushered in by the Gupta dynasty (4th to 6th centuries A.D.) saw a flowering of Indian science, art, and culture.
• In the 10th and 11th centuries, Turks and Afghans invaded India and established the Delhi Sultanate
• In the early 16th century, the Emperor BABUR established the Mughal Dynasty which ruled India for more than three centuries
• By the 19th century, Great Britain had become the dominant political power on the subcontinent
• Years of nonviolent resistance to British rule, led by Mohandas GANDHI and Jawaharlal NEHRU, eventually resulted in Indian independence, which was granted in 1947.
• Earliest origin: Chinise Civilization• For centuries China stood as a
leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences
• The country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation in the 19th and early 20th century.
• After World War II, the communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system
• After 1978, MAO's successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled.
GEOGRAPHICAL COMPARISONINDIA CHINA
Location Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
Area Total: 3,287,263 sq km (one-third the size of the US)Land: 2,973,193 sq km Water: 314,070 sq km
Total: 9,596,960 sq km (slightly smaller than the US)Land: 9,326,410 sq km Water: 270,550 sq km
Terrain upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
Climate Varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Land Use Arable land: 47.87% Permanent crops: 3.74% Other: 48.39% (2011)
Arable land: 11.62% Permanent crops: 1.53% Other: 86.84% (2011)
INDIA CHINA
Natural Hazards Droughts; flash floods, monsoon flood; severe thunderstorms; earthquakes volcanism: Barren Island (elev. 354 m) in the Andaman Sea has been active in recent years
frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; droughts; land subsidence volcanism: Active Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have been relatively inactive in recent centuries
Environment - current issues
deforestation; soil erosion; overgrazing; desertification; air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage and runoff of agricultural pesticides; tap water is not potable throughout the country; huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources
air pollution (greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide particulates) from reliance on coal produces acid rain; China is the world's largest single emitter of carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water shortages, particularly in the north; water pollution from untreated wastes; deforestation; estimated loss of one-fifth of agricultural land since 1949 to soil erosion and economic development; desertification; trade in endangered species
GEOGRAPHICAL COMPARISON
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISONIndices China India
Population 1,355,692,576 1,236,344,631
Growth Rate 0.44% 1.25%
Birth Rate 12.17 births/1,000 population 19.89 births/1,000 population
Death Rate 7.44 deaths/1,000 population 7.35 deaths/1,000 population
Net Migration Rate -0.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population -0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Infant Mortality Rate 14.79 deaths/1,000 live births 43.19 deaths/1,000 live births
Life Expectancy 75.15 years 67.8 years
Total Fertility Rate 1.55 children born/woman 2.51 children born/woman
Maternal Mortality Rate 37 deaths/100,000 live births 200 deaths/100,000 live births
Contraceptive Users 84.6% 54.8%
Literacy 95.1% 62.8%
Urbanization 50.6% of total population 31.3% of total population
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISONAge Structure
China India0-14 years: 17.1% 15-24 years: 14.7% 25-54 years: 47.2% 55-64 years: 11.3%65 years + : 9.6%
0-14 years: 28.5% 15-24 years: 18.1% 25-54 years: 40.6% 55-64 years: 7%65 years + : 5.8%
Population Pyramid (age sex ratio)
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISONDependency Ratio
Indices China IndiaTotal Dependency 37.4% 51.8 %
Youth Dependency 24.9 % 43.6 %
Elderly Dependency 12.5 % 8.1 %
Potential Support 8 12.3
Rural-Urban
Indices China India
Rural Population 622million 876million
Rural Pop. growth -2.18% 0.68%
Urban Population 722million 401million
Urban pop. growth 2.93% 2.38%
Population Density
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISON
China IndiaReligion
Buddhist 18.2%, Christian 5.1%, Muslim 1.8%, Folk religion 21.9%, Hindu < .1%, Jewish < .1%, other 0.7% (includes Daoist (Taoist)), unaffiliated 52.2%
Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1%
Language
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (official; Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, other minority languages.
Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%
Ethnic Group
Han Chinese 91.6%, Zhuang 1.3%, other 7.1 % (includes Hui, Manchu, Uighur, Miao, Yi, Tujia, Tibetan, Mongol, Dong, Buyei, Yao, Bai, Korean, Hani, Li, Kazakh, Dai and other nationalities).
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%
DEMOGRAPHIC COMPARISON
Government type: Federal RepublicCapital: New DelhiIndependence: 15 August 1947 (from the UK)Legal system: common law system based on the English model; separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus; judicial review of legislative acts.
GOVERNMENT COMPARISON
Republic of India
People's Republic of ChinaGovernment type: Communist stateCapital: BeijingIndependence: 1 October 1949 (People's Republic of China established)Legal System: civil law influenced by Soviet and continentalEuropean civil law systems; legislature retains power to interpret statutes; note - criminal procedure law revised in early 2012.
• three equal horizontal bands of saffron-white, and green, with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band;
• saffron represents courage, sacrifice, and the spirit of renunciation;
• white signifies purity and truth;• green stands for faith and fertility; • the blue chakra symbolizes the wheel of life in movement and
death in stagnation
Flag Discription• red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four
smaller yellow five-pointed stars in the upper hoist-side corner.
• the color red represents revolution, while the stars symbolize the four social classes - the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie, and the national bourgeoisie (capitalists) - united under the Communist Party of China.
GOVERNMENT COMPARISONGOVERNMENT OF CHINA
EXECUTIVELEGISLATIVE JUDICIARY
State Council Functional Center of State
power Headed by premier
NPC Standing Committee Headed by Chairman 160 members
National Peoples Congress(NPC) Body 3000 delegates Forum of debeting ideas
within the CPC/govt
Chief of State:
President Vice President
Head of Government:
Primier Executive Vice
Premier
Supreme People's Court
Higher People's Courts
Intermediate People's Courts
District and County People's Courts
Political Parties:India- India has dozens of national and regional political parties. E.g. Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP, Indian National Congress or INC, Aam Aadmi Party or AAP China-Chinese Communist Party or CCP [XI Jinping] and eight nominally independent small parties ultimately controlled by the CCP.
ECONOMIC COMPARISON
Since the late 1970s China has moved from a closed, centrally
planned system to a more market-oriented one that plays a major
global role - in 2010 China became the world's largest exporter.
Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts
for price differences, China in 2013 stood as the second-largest
economy in the world after the US, having surpassed Japan in
2001.
Economic development has progressed further in coastal
provinces than in the interior, and by 2011 more than 250 million
migrant workers and their dependents had relocated to urban
areas to find work.
China continues to lose arable land because of erosion and
economic development.
Several factors are converging to slow China's growth, including
debt overhang from its credit-fueled stimulus program, industrial
overcapacity, inefficient allocation of capital by state-owned
banks, and the slow recovery of China's trading partners.
India is developing into an open-market economy, yet traces of its past
autarkic policies remain.
India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming, modern
agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries, and a
multitude of services.
Economic liberalization measures, including industrial deregulation,
privatization of state-owned enterprises, and reduced controls on foreign
trade and investment, began in the early 1990s and served to accelerate
the country's growth, which averaged under 7% per year from 1997 to
2011.
India's economic growth began slowing in 2011 because of a decline in
investment, caused by high interest rates, rising inflation, and investor
pessimism.
However, investors' perceptions of India improved in early 2014, due to a
reduction of the current account deficit and expectations of post-election
economic reform, resulting in a surge of inbound capital flows and
stabilization of the rupee.
Economic Overview of China Economic Overview of India
ECONOMIC COMPARISON
ECONOMIC COMPARISONIndices China India
GDP $13.39 trillion (2013 est.) $4.99 trillion (2013 est.)
GDP – Real Growth Rate
7.7% (2013 est.) 3.2% (2013 est.)
Per Capita Income $9,800 (2013 est.) $4,000 (2013 est.)
GDP – Composition by Sectors
Agriculture: 10%Industries: 43.9%Services: 46.1% (2013 est.)
Agriculture: 17.4%Industries: 25.8%Services: 56.9% (2013 est.)
Population Below Poverty Line
6.1% (2013 est.) 29.8% (2010 est.)
Labor Force 797.6 million (2013 est.) 487.3 million (2013 est.)
Labor Force by Occupation
Agriculture: 33.6%Industries: 30.3%Services: 36.1% (2012 est.)
Agriculture: 49%Industries: 20%Services: 31% (2012 est.)
Unemployment Rate 4.1% (2013 est.) 8.8% (2013 est.)
Budget Revenues: $2.118 trillionExpenditures: $2.292 trillion (2013)
Revenues: $181.3 billionExpenditures: $281.6 billion (2013)
ECONOMIC COMPARISONIndices China India
IPG Rate 7.6% (2013 est.) 0.9% (2013 est.)
Exports $2.21 trillion (2013 est.) $313.2 billion (2013 est.)
Exports Commodities
electrical and other machinery, including data processing equipment, apparel, radio telephone handsets, textiles, integrated circuits.
petroleum products, precious stones, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, vehicles, apparel.
Exports Partners
Hong Kong 17.4%, US 16.7%, Japan 6.8%, South Korea 4.1% (2013 est.)
UAE 12.3%, US 12.2%, China 5%, Singapore 4.9%, Hong Kong 4.1% (2012)
Imports $1.95 trillion (2013 est.) $467.5 billion (2013 est.)
Imports Commodities
electrical and other machinery, oil and mineral fuels; nuclear reactor, boiler, and machinery components; optical and medical equipment, metal ores, motor vehicles; soybeans
crude oil, precious stones, machinery, fertilizer, iron and steel, chemicals
Imports Partners
South Korea 9.4%, Japan 8.3%, Taiwan 8%, United States 7.8%, Australia 5%, Germany 4.8% (2013 est.)
China 10.7%, UAE 7.8%, Saudi Arabia 6.8%, Switzerland 6.2%, US 5.1% (2012)
MILITARY COMPARISONINDIA CHINA
World Rank: 4
World Rank: 3
male: 12,151,065 female: 10,745,891 (2010 est.)
male: 10,406,544 female: 9,131,990 (2010 est.)
Total Exp. :2.43% of GDP (2010)
Total Exp.:1.99% of GDP (2010)
ENERGY & RESOURCE COMPARISON
Electricity, Petroleum, Natural Gas and Carbon Emission ScenarioIndices China India
Electricity Production 5.398 trillion kWh (2013) 871 billion kWh (FY11/12 est.)
Electricity Consumption 5.322 trillion kWh (2013) 698.8 billion kWh (2010 est.)
Oil Production 4.197 million bbl/day (2013 est.) 990,200 bbl/day (2012 est.)
Oil Imports 5.664 million bbl/day (2013 est.) 3.272 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
Oil Exports 33,000 bbl/day (2013 est.) 0 bbl/day (2010 est.)
Natural Gas Reserves 3.1 trillion cu m (1 January 2013) 1.241 trillion cu m (1 January 2013)
Natural Gas Production 117.1 billion cu m (2013 est.) 40.38 billion cu m (2012 est.)
Natural Gas Consumption 150 billion cu m (2013 est.) 64.49 billion cu m (2010 est.)
ENERGY & RESOURCE COMPARISON
ENERGY & RESOURCE COMPARISON
China: 10 billion Mt (2013 est.) India: 1.726 billion Mt (2011 est.)
Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Consumption of Energy
CHINA-INDIA TRANSITIONAL ISSUES
India has been ranked the fourth-biggest
source of black money by a US-based think
tank, with $510 billion worth of illicit financial
flows during 2004-2013, or $51 billion
annually, on average.
China tops the list for 2004-
2013, with $139 billion average illicit financial
flow per annum
Border IssueBlack Money
CHINA-INDIA TRANSITIONAL ISSUES
Other Transitional Issues-• Illicit Drug Issue
• Refugee Issue
• Nuclear Issue
• Missile Issue
Illiccit drug Transport Route
India-China