Countering Radicalization Martin Rayo
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Transcript of Countering Radicalization Martin Rayo
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8/18/2019 Countering Radicalization Martin Rayo
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OUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTIOUTI
AAA
SOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIASOMALIA
SSSSSSSSS
YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN YEMEN
DJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTIDJIBOUTI
SANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'ASANA'A
JijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijigaJijiga
Al KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl KharazAl Kharaz
Mayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ahMayfa'ah
BossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossasoBossaso
HargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysaHargeysa
AdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAdenAden
GaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGaroweGarowe
SadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadahSadah
G u l f o f A
d e n
Cer Radcaa Refee Camps:
H Edca Ca Hep Defea AQAP
Fracsc Mar-Ra
T D I
Working Paper
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8/18/2019 Countering Radicalization Martin Rayo
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Frcisc Mr-RyMsr’s i Pic Picy 2011
Hrrd Kdy Sch
J 2011
Cer Radcaa
Refee Camps: H Edcaa Hep Defea AQAP
Di Ii – Wrki Ppr
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2 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR
SuMMARy PointS
• this ppr sks y sm f h css f rdici d rcri-
m i rf/IDP cmps, d mks h rm h rcii w-
rdd dc, if i prdcs mdicr cdmic rss, is h ms
c mhd f cr-rdici i crisis sis d rdcs h
spc fr xrmis ris rcri d pr.
• Rdici is spciy r i crisis sis (d h cmps h
r crd hs hs dispcd) cs i c cr spc fr rrr-
is wrks pr d s cks is rms r ciiis. I
ddi, hihy rdicid rf pp c prid cdr f id
rs fr rrris ri, s hy r mr r h rdi-
pps, ypicy cm frm i irm, d h fwr
ppris fr prs dcm, hs mki rrris rimr rc.
• th xis irr rdici i crisis sis ypicy ids
hr drirs f rdici: h xisc r prsiss f Ismic d-
c; h iiy d if mpym; d h iiy h frdm
f mm (cmpm s. p cmp picis). this ppr idics h
hr f hs chrcriscs r scdry rss fr rdici, d
h access a e-rded edca s a perf eh facr s
ercme hese bsaces ad sca redce radcaa ad
errrs recrme crss sas.
• accss w-rdd dc, if f mdicr qiy d if h
sd is y d fr fw yrs, is h ms impr fcr i
rdci rdici d rrris rcrim frm pp i crisis
si, c hir sic ds h ssd.
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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 3
“Hi rw p mid ic, h y ys I cm kw i h cmp wr mr
fmiir wih Kishiks d aPC s h hy wr wih hir ph.”
-Jris Shrm oid-Chiy
“What would you like to be when you grow up? A suicide bomber.
No, no, imagine there is peace and security, what would you like to be? Ah, then a jihadist.
No, no, c’mon, there’s total peace and security, no war, what then? A good Muslim.”
-Did Rhd iriw wih y Pkisi i ti cmp
intRoDuCtion
trrris rcrim d rdici i rf d IDP (iry dispcd
pp) cmps is sjc h hs hisricy ry dic rsrch, h d
hs rm rsrics h rsrch sjc d ir ris’ r-
icc prid ccss r ifrm h mr. this rcc is r f
irc f h si h rd r rjc f hs isss r mr prssi
hmiri ds, isd is sy sd fr f hs rm ri
wrd h rf pp d/r h xpsi f ir ris frm
h crisis , which wd iriy hrm h pp h hy r ryi hp i
h rs pc. ths, ms f h rsrch i his d is qi i r d is dic
drk i sysmc fshi, which mks i hrdr sppr rd ccsis
h sjc mr. this ppr sks y sm f h css f rdici
d rcrim i rf/IDP cmps (rfrrd s “rf cmps” hrfr), d
mks h rm h rcii w-rdd dc, if i prdcs mdicrcdmic rss, is h ms c mhd f cr-rdici i crisis sis
d rdcs h spc fr xrmis ris rcri d pr.
edc prrms r m h ms impr spcs f chid’s if i
rf cmp, s hy prid hp d smc f rmcy pps i cri-
sis si. th xis irr rf dc is riddd wih xmps f h
h dispcd pp pc dc; .. rf prs ii hir w
mr icms py chr sris wh h rm r ngo is r
mk h pyms ( phm his hr wissd i h akr cmp i Pki-
s). th imprc f dc ms frcs prs cmprmis hir s i
rdr h hir chidr dcd, s is h cs i Ym. as Rr Wrh rprd
i h nw Yrk tims1, adi -Jifri xpid h pr Ymis, “wd rhr h
(hir) kids a Qd dc h iir,” cmm hm i rr rs
whr h rm hs prid dc ifrsrcr. this hm
is s ppic crisis sis, whr prs r wii scric hmss
js cmicy, s idicy i rdr fr hir chidr rci dc.
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4 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR
this ppr is sd prjc h id -h-rd rsrch d ir-
iws wih rf d IDP sds, cmp drs, d c d f-m ngo/Igo wrk-
rs i rf d IDP cmps i Ym (Khr), Pkis (h cmps srrdi h ciy
f Pshwr), d Ky (Dd).
RADiCAlizAtion in SoMAli REFugEE CAMPS in KHARAz, yEMEn
this hr is Srh ldry’s di f rdici, dd hr s,
“h sci prcsss y which pp r rh cd, imi, sppr, r cr-
ry ic fr pic r riis jcs2.” Rdici is spciy r i
crisis sis cs i c cr spc fr rrris wrks pr d s -
cks is rms r ciiis. I ddi, hihy rdicid rf pp
c prid cdr f id rs fr rrris ri, s hy ypicy cm
frm i irm d h fwr ppris fr prs dcm, hs
mki rrris ri mr rc.
th scdry sch sds i Khr, ry sm rf cmp f ss
h 20,000 msy Smi rfs, wr h y sds i h prjc py id-
fy hir dsir ji -Qd p rd. th scdry sch i Khr hs 226
rf sds (64 irs d 162 ys) d 300 Ymi sds. thr r 19 chrs
i d h sjcs h icd: Mmri f Kric xs, Ismic Sdis,
aric, eish, Chmisry, Mhmcs, biy, Physics, Hisry, Phisphy, Sci Sd-
is, grphy, ecmics, d Psychy. ahh his iy f sjcs sds rc-
, i riy ms f h chrs r qid ch hir rspc sjcs,hr r dsks fr h chidr s, h sch hs criciy, d r 50% f
rf sds drp fr rd.
up i skd h qs, “Wh wd y ik wh y rw p?”
f h sds dcrd h h wd ik ji -Qd. thr hr sds i
h cssrm icd hir ss his id. Wh skd why, h sds idd
osm i ld d -Qd s h ms iky s fr pc i Smi d sd
h hy wd ck hm d h hp hir cry. tw hr sds
sd h hy wd cm Imms wh hy wr dr i rdr cr
mr pp Ism3. th rmidr f h sds sd h hy wd cm
chrs, dcrs, sccr pyrs, rprrs, d irs ( cmmy iwd s id
prfssis y f h rf pps iriwd fr his prjc). this ws h
y m dri h prjc h y f h hdrds f sds iriwd py d-
mid dsir ji rrris ri, which ry idics rdr dr
f rdici i h cmp, s rdr ccpc f his phm m
Smi rfs i Khr, s h sds did fr y rprcssi frm mki hir
iws kw srr d frir.
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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 5
Wh ifrmd h h Ymi rm pd k r primry sch
dc x yr (h Ymi rm rdy crs scdry sch dc-
), which csisd f ird rf d Ymi pic schs, mr h hf
f h m sds rcd riy, ms cki h id f c ic (“W wi
srrd h sch wih s!”) r rih yc f h primry sch dc
sysm. ahh hs wr scdry sch sds, wh wr rdy dr h
is f h Ymi Miisry f edc, h r ccr ws h hir yr
prs wd i h ppriy rci prpr dc dr his w
dcisi. Wh skd why hy wr s ccrd h h primry sch wd
crd y h Ymi rm, spciy sic hy rdy dd scdry
sch r y h rm, hy did h is f prms hy fcd s rfs
i h xis dc ifrsrcr. a f h cims wr rid y u.n. d Cr
Ir cis rwrds, wh dmid hir kwd f hs prms,
wr ry rc ri hm p wih h Ymi rm fr fr f hi
hir prmi pr i Ym rscidd.
1. Violence: tchrs wi rry Smi sds, wi rfri frm
Ymi sd fr fr f rri frm h sd’s ri r
fmiy. Ymi sds k d f his dichmy hrss rf
sds, kwi h y rsps frm h rf sd wi rs i
fr y pry, rrdss f rspsiiiy. Rf sds r
s frcd ri h chrs rdc h ikihd f i rrsd y
h c pic r cfr.
2. Arbitrary Class Schedules: tchrs r r s fr 2/3 f h mh hy r schdd hr, s sds r sppsd h 6 pri-
ds dy ry y h chr fr w prids. I icid,
h scdry sch ws rirriy csd y h chrs fr fw wks
r Smi sd hi chr ck fr hr yr rhr.
3. Signifcant Corrupon: th f crrp i h scdry sch i Khr
is si, ss s cs f h s ms f my id,
rhr cs f is prsiss. Rf sds r frcd py h
sch dmiisrr 1000 Ymi riys (~$4.60) h ii f h sch
yr wd d h ssiy fr pic sch. If sd miss-
s css, d ds w fi h cdmic yr sd hs scs,
h/sh is smms frcd py p 3000 riys (~$14.00). Rf s-
ds r frcd py fr hir xks, which h Ymi sds rci
fr fr. Rf sds r frcd ri h chr w hm k
h d f yr xmi. Wrs f , h chr wi ms swich h
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6 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR
rss f xc rf sd wih mdicr Ymi , hs -
sri h h rf sd c prrss d wi h c sd
k h crdi fr h sccss f h rf.
4. Language Barriers: th s mjriy f h csss, icdi eish, r h
i Ymi aric, which ms rfs r drsd. tchrs s
rfs swr qss y rf sds, h sis h i wi sw
dw h css d hd ck h c sds.
this isid discrimi is rf sds hs crd pp-
h is hihy isc wrd h hs rm, which hs frhr hidrd
hir prs d prfssi dpm. as h sds mrd hs -
scs, hy dscrid hir ss f dspr, wih mp sds ri h,
“[thy] h fr.” this ws s h rs m sds, i y f h rf cmps,
dscrid ss f hpssss. Frm h sds’ prspc, why c d sch whr y r sysmcy did h ppriy r sd
yr hic r ckrd? Why c d sch if y rci
rci fr yr rs (i h frm f xm rss, pris, r rd)?
th rm cd md h h rdici f h rf pp i
Khr ws d sds’ iiiy ccss w-rdd dc (sic sm
f hm hd i fc dd primry schs r y CaRe Ir), rhr y
h hir f h c Ymi chrs d sds is hm. o cd
r h i spi f rcii primry sch f dc, hs sds wr
hss ri wrd ic d xrmis ris s wy scp. thr qs h is whhr hs sds wd h rd wrd -Qd if hy
hd rd ccss scdry sch dc h rcid hir rs
d ws dysfc.
AltERnAtivE ExPlAnAtionS
th xis irr4567 rdici i crisis sis ypicy ids
hr drirs f rdici: h xisc r prsiss f Ismic dc;
h iiy d if mpym; d h iiy h frdm f mm (-
cmpm s. p cmp picis). this ppr idics h hr f hs chrcr-
iscs r scdry rss fr rdici, d h ccss w-rdd dc-
is pwrf h fcr is w rcm hs scs d siicy
rdc rdici d rrris rcrim i crisis sis.
Ism ws h prdmi rii i f h rf cmps isid dri his
rsrch prjc, d ws prmi spc f h pps’ sci srcr. Ms
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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 7
fm sds wr hijabs (hdscrs), hr wr rr rks s h sds
d chrs cd pry, d hr wr schdd pryr cs hrd hrh cmp d-
spkrs. Ms impry, f h crric icdd sss Qric mmri
(i sm iscs h y c imms d y chrs) d Ismic sdis. ths
sds wh idd h Prph Mhmmd s h prs hy ms dmird, wh
skd why, wys hihihd chrcriscs f cmpssi, mrcy, d (rhr h
fcsi mr mii irprs f h rii).
of h sds wh prfssd dsir cm riis schrs r imms,
mjriy xprssd hir dsir icrs di w pp, si hir r
s mr f mdir f cic h i pry riis rms. a y y i Dd
md h wd , “ik Shirhim [mp rfr h grd Mi f
erir], cs h ws fms imm h sdis riis d rh pp -
hr.” ahr sd i Dd md h wd cm “a grd ayh,
cs h is r phisphr.” gi h sds’ mphsis h Prph Mhm-md’s chrcriscs f rc, cmpssi, d ccpc, d hir iw f imms
s mdirs d schrs, i smd h dri mdr csss i Ismic sdis
ws sccssf cr xrmis r mii irprs f Ism d md s-
ds mr r f dir crs d riis.
th scd rm, h rdici d rrris rcrim is dri i pr
y pry d h ck f mpym ppris, ws id dri h rsrch
prjc ihr. th crrm is s prsd y h cs f Dd, whr hr
is pp f pprximy 30,000 id yhs, cmpsd primriy f m w
h s f 18 d 30. thr r fw mpym ppris i Dd, d ms fh u.n. spsrd wrk prrms (icdi csrc, crpry, d schi sc-
cr s) h sccssf i i h yh pp, ms f whm r
frcd , r prfr , rmi id dri h dy, si dr h shdw f r r
rmi h mrk pcs. nrhss, h hd f u.n. c prrms i Dd
dscrid -Sh’s ( Smi rrris ri ikd -Qd) rcri pr-
dicm, “udrsd, hh, h hy r rcri hs chidr i sch
r hs wh h hr fr fw yrs cs hy h dpd dir
miy. ay wh hs rcid i dc ds’ wih hm. S hy
r h dr kids wh rrid hr ps-2007, hs wh r d sch
hr d wr r d sch i Smi. a-Sh s hs kids si
dr r d is hm, ski hm wh hy r di wih hir if, if hy d
w r m d h prid fr hir fmiis, rhr h js wi fr
u.n. hd.” by crs, Ym ws is rfs r fr pss ad d
S’, whr hy ypicy sk mi js i h dmsc srics scr r s -
rs. th s mjriy f Smi rfs ds sy wihi h cs f Khr,
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8 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR
isd rs r rs d mpym. I spi f his p cmp picy, my
rsrch shwd hihr dr f rdici m Smi yh i Khr h i
Dd, s idcd y rprs f cks is ngo hics d hdqrrs d
frm my iriws wih h sds.
Fiy, h rm h cmpm s. p cmp picis h c
rdici ds hd r fr h hr cris isid. Pkis hs ry p
picy wrd is rf pp, whr afhs r frcd i i cmps (-
hh my d), d isd h crd sms pr hir Pkisi crprs
rd Pshwr. Whir afhs ypicy i i idpd prms rd h
ciy. I Dd hr is ry sric cmpm picy, h cmp is cd r
400kms wy frm niri, d hh my Smi rfs d r niri, hy
d s iy d dr h hr f rrs d prsc y h c hris. I
Khr, s prisy sd, hr is ry p cmp picy fr rfs dispc
hmss hr rs isid Ym sk mpym ppris. th iiy h cmp ds sm h hd c rfs’ fr pii f
-Qd i Ym, whi i Ky, h iiiy fr sds h cmp ds
sm h hd psi c hir prcp f -Sh. I Pkis, sds
i h akr cmp smd mr r ss rdicid h hir crprs wh id
i h sms f Pshwr, hh h pps cmpid discrimi
frm h Pkisi hris (hh h f discrimi ws siicy wr
h i Khr).
tHE PowER oF A wEllRounDED EDuCAtion
accss w-rdd dc, if f mdicr qiy d if h
sd is y d sch fr fw yrs, is h ms impr fcr i rdc-
i rdici d rrris rcrim frm pp i crisis si, c
is sic ds h ssd. th ir cmmiy hs ry sccdd
sishi prcs fr fdi, chi, d shri r mrs f dispcd
pp, cs h sris dics i cr simiry sccssf prcs
fr dc i rf cmps. ngos d Igos h dir mrics msr sc-
css, disr h r imprc f primry rss scdry dc, d
h diri piis h ry c f h crricm, m hr dir is-
ss. edc is s sy h s d s w-fdd f h sic srics i crisis
sis. e Dd, h rs si rf cmp i h wrd wih r 300,000
ihis d r mr f w-mi d w fdd ngos d Igos, sm
wh h pr hr fr r dcd, c y s 2.5% rd r
frm 1st rd hrh 12h (icdi drps d rsfrs h wy). Hwr,
hh h ris dc prrms d sch sysms cd i Dd r
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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 9
mdicr (msrd y hir w hih sch rd rs), h prrms h im-
pcd h yh pp i sch wy s mk i fr ss iky h hs sds
wi ji -Sh.
ar ris iriws wih chrs, c u.n. prs, scdry sch s-
ds, d “id yh” i Dd, rps idpdy rid h hs wh hd
rcid dc did h cmp h fr -Sh. ths yhs wh hd
rrid ps-2007 h cmp, d hd r frmy dcd i h cps
f h Smi dc sysm, wr djs hir w srrdis, wr
d r sch (d hr wr h pcs i h ccrd ircy
prrms), d wr mr iky sdcd y -Sh’s xrmis idy d
prmiss f ry s hrs i hir mii. of h hdrds f rfs iriwd,
ws idfy frmr sds wh hd h cmp ji -Sh. e
if his r is disrd d sf-sc is (his hr ws y spk
wih sds wh hd hrh h prrm r wr frids wih hs wh hd hrh h prrm, chrs d ngo wrkrs wh spk eish, h i
which h Ky crricm is sd), i is s rmrk h fr rps idp-
dy ccdd h h primry disc w yh wh wr rdicid d
rcrid, d hs wh wr , ws hir ccss dc. Whhr h sd
hd rdd, prfrmd w, r hd j wr r fcrs i h ysis, s
h rrchi fcr h disishd hs rdicid frm hs wh wr’ ws
ccss w-rdd dc.
Dri h iriws dr sds d id yh wr prssd why hy did
ji -Sh r ck d h i Smi. t smmri h ris swrs,hy hihihd h hy did r wih h ri’s idy, d h hy
prfrrd rmi i h cmp d h. ths w pis, hh hy simpify
h ms sscid wih h rspss d h cs w h ris -
swrs, r idic f pp h iws ic y d hs cm ss
pr idic riwshi y xrmis rps, whs rk d mmrs r
ypicy dcd. Pricips d prcrs i h cmps rd wih his y-
sis f wh siic dirc ccss w-rdd dc mks, i rms f
rdici d rcrim.
Mr impry, his hr ifrs h -Sh rcis wh hr d-
c pss is srhd i Smi d is iiy c rcri hrs,
i is mr rc hir. Fr xmp, i Dcmr 2009 h rp rchsrd
csrphic sicid mi c rd crmy i Mdish, kii r
w d pp, icdi h Miisrs f edc d Hihr edc. a-Sh
hd issd sm i Spmr 2009 wri schs si xks pr-
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10 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR
idd y uneSCo h h “-Ismic” sjcs. a h m h Miisr f edc,
ahmd adhi Wy, hd dismissd hir hr, drsi h ks’ c y
syi, “th rm d h dc frriy mk sr h y ks h r
i sd i r schs d i r rii d cr, s hir (-Sh’s)
sm ds ccr s.8”
I h IDP cmp f Ji — d msy wih dispcd pp frm bjr, f
h ms csr d scdd prics h afh-Pkis rdr — d h
afh rf cmp f akr, rmrk rsfrm f h pp ws ki
pc. I h f hir pris irms, ihr pp hd dcd fm
chidr (h dr r f afhs i h cmp hd dcd hir ys
sid f rcii sic csss Qric mmri, ii h y dc
sid f h Qr wd mk hm “d Msims”). Hwr, dr h idc
f h rm i Ji, d h i rs f Rhm Mhmmd i akr, h
cmmiy r hd srd w hir dhrs d sch, if y fr fw yrs. this hr’s crss wih h chrs d pricips i hs cmps
hihihd hir if h h rfs’ dispcm d ss f riiy i
w irm md hm mr iky ccp h id h hir chidr, icdi
hir dhrs, rci w-rdd dc.
Wh is ms hri his sci rsfrm is h i sy c-
d c hy rrd hm d ypicy cd h r fmiy, js h fm
sds. ths fmiis w hd dhrs h cd rd d wri, s h md
i ss iky h idiid fmiis d, wih h mmm, wh cmmis
wd ck hir hisric csms ss crcd. If d wh h ti r-rd hir i, his cmmiy is fr ss iky ccp hir dmds h hir
dhrs rmi i h hs, wih frm dc. th wd frc h ti
ihr crc h cmmiy, ch is idy ccmmd h cs’ w
wy f hiki, r hr c whr h idy is mr i i wih h f
h ti.
I is prcisy hs xmps h hihih h ppris ihry prs
i IDP d rf cmps, which ms ri hr frmry rr pps h
hd id fr pr frm ch hr (d frm r crs), i cs qrrs whr
ir ris r prs. bi dispcd is rdy fr rfs, i
s prss ppriy fdmy r hir hir, mki i mr iky
h hy wi rjc xrmis idy d iri sm f h s sscid
wih w-rdd dc; fr xmp, h f rc. I crmd his iw wih
hr scdry sch sds, hir chrs, d hr Pkisi d u.n. prs
h priiy f sds jii h ti, ihr Pkisi d afh, r
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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 11
rcii w-rdd dc. Mp srcs ccrrd h h s mjriy
f ti rcris wr wfy dcd d sy iir. I sms h, s s-
ds cqir h iiy y d hik mr idpdy, psi spcs
f rcii w-rdd dc, d r xpsd mr sjcs d wrd
sid f hir w, i cms hrdr fr hm idy ccp prcms h
r iic r hrmf, d i cms hrdr fr xrmis rps riwsh hs
“crrpd” mids.
this rsrch prjc sss h dc prrm’s ms ss chr-
crisc i rdci rdici i rf cmp is h qiy f h dc
simpy is ccssiiiy. a prrm’s ddic rc d mphsis w-
rdd crricm d wid s f sjcs r s ky is sccss.
PoliCy PRESCRiPtionS FoR tHE u.S. govERnMEnt
this ysis hs h ms rprcssis fr h uid Ss, y cs
i is h r f my f h wrd’s ms drs rrris rps, which rcri i
hs cmps, s cs i is h rs dr f id rfs i h wrd. as h
u.S. picy fr id rf cmps crry sds, hr is spr c md
h dc scr i hs crisis sis. I fc, h u.S. srcs is dr id
ry hird prs, wi hm drmi hw spd i.
Rhr h mk hs r disrsms wih ry fw prcdis,
h S Dprm — which is crry rspsi fr disri h cs $2ii i id rfs — shd idfy rf pps risk f i
rcrid y rrris ris r cmi rdicid (sch s Khr, Dd d
cmps i h Khyr-Pkhkhw ri). th u.S. shd h wrk mr csy wih
h u.n. d hr dc pridrs sr h h chidr ms risk h c-
css w-rdd dc. th S Dprm, dr h br f Pp-
, Rfs d Mir, shd cr w psi rspsi fr c h-
miri id ris h prm w-rdd crricm i -risk rf
cmps. ocis i chr f hs prrms shd riw hm h rd rry,
sr h w-rdd crricm is i fwd d rdc h pssiiiy
fr crrp (s hppd i Khr).
thr r my prms sscid wih wrki wih h u.n. d hr dc-
ngos, d hr r mp dcs h wd cr h u.S. sish
spr prrm h is mr hihy rd is scriy ds. o cd
pi Dd’s hih drp r f 97.5%, h rcrwdd cssrms, r h w
chr qiy s d rss fr sr idpd prrm. Hwr, s pri-
sy sd, mdicr dc prrms mk siic dirc i rdci
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12 | DubaI InItIatIve WoRKIng PaPeR
h ikihd f chidr cmi rdicid. a u.n. prsc is ss irsi d ss
crrsi h h prsc f h u.S., mki h ri’s mpys mr
wcm y h rf cmmis. I ddi, i ms f hs crisis sis h
u.n. d hr ngos r rdy prs d h h rs d xis wrk c
chs h w ri cd .
Frm is sid, h u.S. shd c mphsi h imprc f fm d-
c d fd sccssf prrms h cr irs d d xc i sch.
Fm dc is f h ms siic dircs w Wsr ids d
xrmis idy, d hps pi rf pps is rps ik h ti
d -Qd. oc pp hs s h s f hi dcd fms i
is cmmiy, i sy crris hs s ck hm p is rr, rdci sp-
pr, d spc, fr rrris wrks h sk frc wm rmi ir. Fr
xmp, ldry (2009) mks h pi h wm py mdr r is
xrmism i afhis.9
Fiy, h u.S. shd icrs is fdi f ccrd ircy prrms, s
h dr rfs wh hd prisy d sch c i h
ppriy cm dcd, hs c src f hrs fr -
Sh i Dd, d hr rrris ris ir -risk pps.
ConCluSion
I ccsi, h ms c mhd fr rdci rdici d mkii mr dic fr rrris ris rcri is icrsi ccss w-rdd
dc prrms. ths prrms h s c y h rf pp-
dri hir dispcm, s p hir rr hm, whr hir w ids
rdc h spc fr xrmis crs pr d mk i mr dic fr hm
sprd hir idy. Crisis sis shd s s ppriy dc
pp h, prir hir dispcm, ws i ms css dispr d hd i
ccss dc. e fw yrs f dc c mk rmds dirc,
h i chi h idiid sd’s k d h cmmiy s wh, s w
sw i h Ji d akr css wih fm dc rfrms. th uid Ss, s
h mi r f ir rrrism d rs dr f rf id, shd k
h d i icrsi ccss dc i rf d IDP pps h r risk
f i rdicid d rcrid y rrris rps.
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CounteRIng RaDICalIzatIon In ReFugee CaMPS | 13
BiogRAPHy
Frcisc Mr-Ry is h hr f h pcmi k "Wii h Mids:
trs hrh rrris rcri rds i Ym, Pkis d h Smi rdr."
H rdd wih Msr's frm h Hrrd Kdy Sch i 2011, whr h ws
s bfr Fw, d is crry Prsid Mm Fw. His rsrch r-
s rd cr-rdici, , d pic dipmcy prrms i h
Midd es. H dd h uirsiy f Psyi s drrd, whr h
id b.Sc. i ecmics d b.a. i Ir Rs, h wih hrs. H
c rchd [email protected].
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EnDnotES
1 Wrh, Rr, “Is Ym h nx afhis,” The New York Times: Jy 6, 2010.
2 ldry, Srh, “Why d m ji h ti d Hi-i Ismi? Hw mch d
c cmmis sppr hm?” Independent Report for the Department of In-
ternaonal Development: as 14, 2009.
3 this sm is prcry srprisi r rmi, d is icdd y
i cmp rkdw f h sds’ rspss.
4 this hr hr rfrs ldry 2009, wh ms h, “udrmpyd
y m wih frsrd spirs d imid sk i sciy r prc-
ry sscp rdici,” s w s h, “Mdrsss prid imid
dc which s hir sds prcry r xrmis rr-
s.”
5 th Pkis Is fr Pc Sdis, i is J 2010 ppr, “Rsrch, Rd-
ici d Riis exrmism: th Wrk f PIPS i Pkis,” ss h,“m wr csss, miy i pry rd rs icds ri d is d-
jrd rs… h drirs rdici d rrrism r pry, iqiy
d s dmiisr srcrs, d [h] ms r riis.”
6 Di bjmi, h hd f h u.S. oc f h Crdir fr Crrrr-
ism h S Dprm, sd i Jry 4, 2010, h, “thr is dyi
h wh chidr h hp fr dc, wh y pp h
hp fr j d f disccd frm h mdr wrd, wh rms
fi prid fr h sic ds f hir pp, wh pp dspir d r
rid, hy cm mr sscp xrmis idis.” ahh h
ds mk rfrc h imprc dc, h S Dprm’s
ci psi is h dc, i d f isf, is h pr rdic-
i.
7 a crsry srch f schry rcs rs ds f pprs pishd h r
h hr xis wid r f fcrs h dri rdici, my which dis-
r wih ch hr, ms f which ch h hr rd hms i his
ppr: pry (r mpym); h iiiy f idiid f “fd”
( cmi f mpym d rsric f mm); d h ic
f Ismic dc.
8 “Miisr Rjcs -Sh’s edc Wri,” IRIn, Spmr 22, 2009.9 ldry 2009
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th Di Sch f grm (DSg) is rsrch d chi is
fcsi pic picy i h ar wrd. esishd i 2005 dr h p-
r f HH Shikh Mhmmd bi Rshid a Mkm, vic Prsid d
Prim Miisr f h uid ar emirs d Rr f Di, i cpr
wih h Hrrd Kdy Sch, DSg ims prm d rc
hrh hci h ri’s cpciy fr c pic picy.
twrd his , h Di Sch f grm s crs wih r-
i d iss i is rsrch d rii prrms. I ddi, h Sch ris
picy frms d ir cfrcs fcii h xch f ids d prm cric
d pic picy i h ar wrd.
th Sch is cmmid h cr f kwd, h dissmi f s prcc d h ri-
i f picy mkrs i h ar wrd. t chi his missi, h Sch is dpi sr cpii-
s sppr rsrch d chi prrms icdi
• ppid rsrch i pic picy d mm;
• msr’s drs i pic picy d pic dmiisr;
• xc dc fr sir cis d xcs; d,
• kwd frms fr schrs d picy mkrs.
T H E D U B A I I N I T I A T I V E
th Di Ii is ji r w h Di Sch f grm (DSg) d h Hr-
rd Kdy Sch (HKS), sppr h sishm f DSg s cdmic, rsrch, d
rch is i pic picy, dmiisr, d mm fr h Midd es. th
primry jc f h Ii is rid h xprs d rsrcs f HKS wih DSg d -
h xch f sds, schrs, kwd d rsrcs w h w iss i
h rs f rc, pic scic, cmics, ry, scriy, dr, d fri rs
rd h Midd es.
th Ii impms prrms h rspd h i ds f DSg d r id wih
h rsrch irss f h ris dprms d crs f HKS s w s hr schs d
dprms f Hrrd uirsiy. Prrm cis icd fdi, crdi d fcii
fwships, ji fwships wih DSg, irships, fcy d rd rsrch rs, wrki
pprs, m-yr rsrch iis, cfrcs, sympsi, pic crs, picy wrkshps,
fcy wrkshps, cs sdis, d csmid xc dc prrms dird DSg.
Fr mr ifrm, ps isi s www.diii.r