count1

7/30/2019 count1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/count1 1/34

count1 . = a calcula , a socoti , a numaracount out loud - a numara cu voce tareto make mental calculations - a număra în gândto count backwards - to count down

to count (up) to ten , five , a hundredto count by twos/fives etc

to count (up) how many

finger counting - to count on your fingers

head count

1. the act of counting people in a particular group.The teachers did a head count to check that none of the kids were missing.

2. technical the number of people working for a companyHowever, Mr Nasser concedes it has been only recently that he has made real progressin reducing his head count.

. Let's count out loud from one to ten.

.

He began counting backwards: "Ten, nine, eight ...". You count to a hundred and we'll go and hide.

. Sarah can count up to five now.

. It's quicker to count by tens (=saying 10, 20, 30 ...).

. Some count how many software programs are sold.

2 . = a lua in considerare , a pune la socoteala ,to consider , to be considered as

to count as

. I count myself fortunate to have had such a good education.

. I've had three jobs in the last five years, but one of them was unpaid, so it doesn't count

. I've always counted Lucy among my closest friends.

. I didn't think his grudging remarks really counted as an apology.

. Today's session is counted as training, so you will get paid.

3 . = a considera , a conta , a valora , a avea importantato have value or importance , to matter ,to count for

to count for nothing

. It's often the little things that count the most.

. She's never lied to me, and in my book that counts for a lot.

. It's quality not quantity that really counts.

. Your health is what counts - the cost of the treatment is not important.

.

I don't count him as a friend anymore.. You should count yourself lucky that you weren't hurt.

. First impressions really do count.

. His promises don't count for much.

. His overseas results count for nothing.

. I've always believed that happiness counts more than money.

. My opinion doesn't count for anything around here .

4. = to include

7/30/2019 count1


. There are more than two thousand of us, not counting the crew.

Expresii

− I/you can count somebody/something on (the fingers of) one hand

− don't count your chickens (before they're hatched)

−count your blessings

− count the cost - to start having problems as a result of your earlier decisions or mistakes:

− who's counting?

− count sheep - to imagine a line of sheep jumping over a fence, one at a time, and countthem as a way of getting to sleep

− stand up and be counted - to let people know your opinions, although it might causetrouble for you / to publicly state your opinion

− it's the thought that counts

− and counting - with more to come

The number of cougar attacks on humans can be counted on the fingers of one hand.

I could count the number of times he's paid for a round of drinks on the fingers of one

hand.I wouldn't count your chickens, Mr Vass. I've agreed to sign the contract, but that's all.

Getting an Oscar would be wonderful, but I think it's too early to count my chickens.

If you want to go on a date sometime, you can ask me. But don't count your chickens.

You'll probably get the job, but don't count your chickens just yet.

In this country we can count our blessings that our children are not constantly at the

mercy of these diseases.We're now counting the cost of not taking out medical insurance.

Remember the New Testament warning, before you undertake a project, be sure tocount the cost.

Apparently the next Star Trek film (number six, but who's counting ?) will definitely be

the last.Those who did have the courage to stand up and be counted were arrested and

imprisoned.It is difficult sometimes to stand up and be counted when you know most people

disagree with you.I'm generally in favor of what you propose, but not enough to stand up and be counted.

One of the best ways to fall asleep is to try to count sheep.

He is 47 years old and counting.

They have been in business for 50 years and counting.

7/30/2019 count1


Phrasal verb

− count down to count backward or to pay close attention to the number of (days, etc.) that remain until a particular moment or event is reached

−count sb in

− count on/upon sb/sh

− count sb/sh out to not include (someone) in an activityto decide that (someone or something) cannot win or succeedin a boxing competition, the referee counts someone out bycounting to ten when they fall to the floor and announcing that theyhave lost the fight if they fail to get up before the ten seconds is over

− count against sb/sth

− count towards sth

− count off - to count numbers that are spaced a certain number apart

count off sh/sb - to list (something) out loud

He counted down from 10 to 1.

We are counting down the days to the end of this tour.

When the game gets started, you can count me in.

You can count on me.

I can count on my parents to help me.

With luck, you might cover your costs, but don't count on it.

We're all counting on winning this contract.

I'm counting on the meeting finishing on time, or I'll miss my train.Sorry I'm late, I didn't count on being held up in the traffic.

There's never a taxi when you want one - that's the one thing you can count on!

They were counting on him not coming out of hospital.

You can count on Dean to ruin any party.

We didn't count on so many people being on vacation.( neasteptat )

The presence of Paula was one thing he hadn't counted on. ( neasteptat )

I'm sorry, you'll have to count me out tonight.

I wouldn't count him out. If anybody can make a comeback, he can.

The teller counted out ten $50 bills. ( to count coins or notes one by one as you put

them down )

If you are looking for people to help you clean the house today, count me out. [=don'tinclude me; I won't be helping you]

Don't count out our team just yet. They could still win.

Cooper was counted out in the final round.

Gail's qualified for the job, but her lack of experience will count against her.

The work that the students do during the year will count towards their final degrees.

Results from the two rounds count towards championship points.

7/30/2019 count1


The students counted off by twos. [=counted 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.]

She counted off all the things she wanted to do.

count , noun , countable1. = numaratoare , numarare , calcul , total suma , seama ,socoteala ,

consideratie , cont− lose count of

− keep count of

− on all/several/both etc counts - in every way, in several ways etc:

− at the last count

− be out for the count

. to be in a deep sleep , especially heavily

. if a boxer is out for the count, he has been knocked down for ten seconds or more

− on the count of 3/4/5, etc.

. Early vote counts show Mr Adams in the lead.

. There have been so many accidents here, the police have lost count.

. I never manage to keep count of what I spend on my credit card.

. It was important that they secure a large and widespread audience.

They failed on both counts.. We had 450 members at the last count (= when they were last counted) .

. It looks like Ben's out for the count.

. On the count of three, I'd like you all to stand up.

2. = cap de acuzarecount of theft/burglary/murder etc

. Davis was found not guilty on all counts.

. He was charged with two counts of theft.3. = conte - a European man of the same social rank as an English earl

count/ countess

blood countpollen countsperm countcount noun - countable nounrecount

7/30/2019 count1


count • add • tally • tot sth up • total

include • count • number

regard • call • find • consider • describe • see • view • count • reckon • look at sth

count verb

count • add • tally • tot sth up • total

These words all mean to calculate a total number or amount.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS

► to count/add/tally/tot/total up how much/many…

► to count/add/tally/tot up the number of sth

► to add up/tot up the amount/the cost of sth

► to count/add up/tally/tot up/total sb's points/score

count / BrE ; AmE / [ T , I ]= to calculate the total number of people or things in a particular groupThe diet is based on counting calories.She began to count up how many guests they had to invite.There are 12 weeks to go, counting from today.Count the ‘yes’ votes and the ‘no’ votes separately.

add / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to put numbers or amounts together to get a total

Add 9 to the total. If you add all these amounts together you get a huge figure.► addition / BrE ; AmE / noun [ U ]: children learning addition and subtractionCOUNT OR ADD?

adding involves at least two numbers or amounts (you add sth to sth else),counting involves just one step (you count sth).You add numbers or amounts, but you cannot count amounts:to add up/ count the number of peopleto add up the amount of rainfall to count the amount of rainfall .This is because you can only count countable nouns, not uncountable ones.You can also count , but not add , people and objects:to count tickets/people/votesto add up people/tickets/votes

tally / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( rather informal , especially business )= to calculate the total number or amount of sthWhen we tallied up the cost of moving, we decided against it.Tally is often used in business, when referring to things such as sales figures, costs or other economic results.

tot sth up phrasal verb-tt- ( BrE , informal )

7/30/2019 count1


= to add together several numbers or amounts in order to get a total Let's tot up everybody's points and see who's won.The trip isn't really that cheap when you tot everything up.

total / BrE ; AmE / -ll- , AmE -l- [ T , usually passive ]

= to add up the numbers of sb/sth and get a total, especially a total score Each student's points were totalled and entered in a list.

7/30/2019 count1


include 2 verb

include • count • number

These words all mean to consider sb/sth as part of a larger group.


► to include sb/count (sb)/number (sb) as/among sb/sth► to include/count/number yourself as/among sb/sth

include / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to consider sb/sth to be part of a larger groupQuite a few members are worried and I include myself among them. Helpers at the event included students from a local school, as well as their parents.► including / BrE ; AmE / prep. ( abbr. incl. ):

Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.There were several articles published, including a double-page spread in a dailynewspaper.

count / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to include sb/sth when you calculate a total; to include sb/sth in a particular groupWe have invited 50 people, not counting the children. I count him among my closest friends. Everyone needs to stand up and be counted in order to make them see the strength of our conviction.

number / BrE ; AmE / [ T , I ] ( formal )= to include sb/sth in a particular group; to be included in a particular group I number her among my closest friends.◇ He numbers among the best classical actors

in Britain.

7/30/2019 count1


regard verb

regard • call • find • consider • describe • see • view • count • reckon • look at sth

These words all mean to think or talk about sb/sth in a particular way.


► to regard/describe/consider/see/view/count/look at sb/sth as sth► to regard/consider/see/view/look at sb/sth from a particular point of view► to regard/see/view/look at sb/sth with sth► to find/consider/see/reckon sb/sth to be sth► to consider/reckon that…

► to regard/consider/describe/see/view/count/reckon yourself (as) sth► generally/widely/usually/still regarded/considered/seen/viewed/reckoned as sth► no longer regarded/considered/seen/viewed as sth► to regard/consider/describe/see/view/look at sb/sth differently

► to consider/describe/see/view/look at sb/sth objectively

► to regard/consider/view sb/sth favourably/positively

regard / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( rather formal ) ( not used in the progressive tenses )= to think of sb/sth in a particular way Her work is very highly/well regarded .Capital punishment was regarded as inhuman and immoral. I had come to regard him as a close friend.They regarded people outside their own village with suspicion. It would be a mistake to regard the incident as unimportant. He regards himself as a patriot. He seemed to regard the whole thing as a joke.She is widely regarded as the current leader's natural successor.

call / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to say that sb/sth has particular qualities or characteristics I wouldn't call German an easy language. Are you calling me a liar? He was in the front room, or the lounge, or whatever you want to call it.Would you call it blue or green? I make it ten pounds forty-three you owe me. Let's call it ten pounds.

find / BrE ; AmE / found , found [ T ]= to have a particular feeling or opinion about sth

You may find your illness hard to accept.You may find it hard to accept your illness. I find it amazing that they're still together.She finds it a strain to meet new people.

7/30/2019 count1


consider / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) ( rather formal )= to think of sb/sth in a particular wayWho do you consider (to be) responsible for the accident?Consider yourself lucky you weren't fired.These workers are considered (as) a high-risk group.

He considers himself an expert on the subject.This award is considered to be a great honour. He's generally considered to have the finest tenor voice in the country.She considers that it is too early to form a definite conclusion.REGARD OR CONSIDER ?

These two words have the same meaning, but they are used in different patterns andstructures.

Consider must be used with a complement or clause: you can- consider sb/sth to be sth or - consider sb/sth as sth , although very often the to be or as is left out: He considers himself an expert.

They are considered a high-risk group.− consider that sb/sth is sth and again, the that can be left out:The Home Secretary will release prisoners only if he considers it is safe to do so.

Regard is used in a narrower range of structures.- the most frequent structure is regard sb/sth as sth ;- the as cannot be left out. : I regard him a close friend.- you cannot : regard sb/sth to be sth or : regard that sb/sth is sth .

However, regard (but NOT consider in this meaning) can also be used :without a noun or adjective complement butwith just an object and adverb or adverbial phrase:. sb/sth is highly regarded

.

regard sb/sth with suspicion/jealousy/admiration

describe [ T ] / BrE ; AmE / ( always used with as )= to say that sb/sth has particular qualities or characteristics Jim was described by his colleagues as ‘unusual’.The man was described as tall and dark, and aged about 20.CALL OR DESCRIBE?

These words have the same meaning but they are used in different patterns.

Call is used with a noun or adjective complement, without as : I wouldn't call German as an easy language. Noun complements are much more frequent with call than adjective complements:

.

you can say ‘I wouldn't call German easy.’,. but it would be more usual to use the noun phrase ‘an easy language’.

Describe is used with as and an adjective or noun phrase : Jim was described by his colleages unusual.Adjectives are more frequent with describe than nouns:longer noun phrases are possible, but with simple nouns use call :

Jim was described by his colleagues as an unusual man. Are you describing me as a liar?

7/30/2019 count1


see / BrE ; AmE / saw , seen [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses )= to have an opinion of sth I see things differently now.Try to see things from her point of view.

Lack of money is the main problem, as I see it ( = in my opinion ) .The way I see it , you have three main problems.

view / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( not used in the progressive tenses )= to think of sb/sth in a particular wayWhen the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original. How do you view your position within the company?You should view their offer with a great deal of caution.She has always viewed him with suspicion.View has the same meaning as regard and consider but :

- is slightly less frequent and

- slightly less formal.The main structures are :view sb/sth as sb/sth (you cannot leave out the as ) and

view sb/sth with sth .

View is the most natural choice for a general question: How do you view…? ( You canalso say ‘How do you regard…?’, although this is less frequent; it is not usual to say : How do you consider…? in this meaning.

count / BrE ; AmE / [ T , I ] ( not used in the progressive tenses )to think of sb/sth in a particular way; to be thought of in this way I count him among my closest friends.

I count myself lucky to have known him. For tax purposes that money counts/is counted as income.She counts herself one of the lucky ones.

reckon / BrE ; AmE / [ T , usually passive ] ( not used in the progressive tenses ) (especially BrE , rather informal )= to regard sb/sth as sb/sthChildren are reckoned to be more sophisticated nowadays. It was generally reckoned a success.

look at sth phrasal verb

= to consider or view sth in a particular way Looked at from that point of view, his decision is easier to understand. It all depends on how you look at it. Look at it this way:…Look at sth is used especially when you are considering the different ways in which asituation can be considered.

7/30/2019 count1


calculate

1. calculate vt/vi= a calcula , a socoti , a numara

calculate how much/how many etc

calculate (that)calculate sh on sh

. I'm trying to calculate how much paint we need.

. Sally calculated that she'd have about £100 left.

. Rates are calculated on an hourly basis.

. He's written a piece of software which calculates your tax returns for you.

. Calculate the result to two decimal places.

. I'll just calculate the total.

2. estimate , to suppose , guess= a presupune , a anticipa , a prevedea , a-si inchipui

calculated as/at

calculate (that)calculate how/what/whether etc

. The cost of the damage caused by the recent storms has been calculated as/at over £5

million.. Researchers calculated that this group was at a higher risk of heart disease.

. He's calculated that it would take him two years to save up enough for a car.

. It's difficult to calculate what effect all these changes will have on the company.

. At some stage we need to calculate when the project will be finished.

3. to plan , to intend , to count, depend, or rely on someone orsth

if you calculate on sth, you are depending on it for yourplans

to succeed , to count or rely (usually fol. by on or upon)= a te baza , a lua in calcul , a planui , a intentiona

calculate to

calculate on sh - phrasal verb

calculate on sb/sh doing something

. His remarks were calculated to inspire our confidence.

. This a question calculated to embarrass him

. We're calculating on an early start.

. They calculated on good weather.

.

We're calculating on about 30 guests.. Ken hadn't calculated on Polson refusing his offer.

. We're calculating on your help.

7/30/2019 count1


calculate verb

calculate • work sth out • compute • quantify • figure sth out • figure

• put a figure on sthThese words all mean to use numbers to find or express a total.


► to calculate/compute/figure sth at 400, $1 000, 25%, etc.► to calculate/work out/compute/quantify/figure out/figure/put a figure

on how much/how many …

► to calculate/work out/figure out/figure that …

► to calculate/work out/compute/quantify/figure out/figure/put a figureon the cost/number/amount (of sth)

► to calculate/work out/compute a total

► to calculate sth/work sth out/quantify sth/figure sth out exactly

calculate / BrE ; AmE / [ T , I ] ( rather formal )= to use numbers to find out a total number, amount, size, distance or levelUse the formula to calculate the volume of the container.The sum involved was calculated at $82 million.

It has been calculated that at least 47 000 jobs were lost last year.

Benefit is calculated on the basis of average weekly earnings.

work sth out / BrE ; AmE / phrasal verb ( rather informal , especially spoken )= to calculate sth

I just need a minute to work out the answer. I can't work this out — have you got a calculator?You'll need to work out how much time the assignment will take.We haven't really worked out the cost of the vacation yet.

compute / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( formal )= to calculate sthThe losses were computed at £5 million.These measurements can be used to compute the average size.CALCULATE, WORK STH OUT OR COMPUTE?

calculate

- is the most frequent of these words in written English,- is used in formal, written English, especially to describe calculations done by amachine.

work sth out

- is the most frequent in spoken English- it is used especially to describe small, quick calculations done by people.

quantify / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( rather formal )

7/30/2019 count1


= to describe or express sth as an amount or number The risks to health are impossible to quantify.The report attempts to quantify the impact of the economic slowdown.

figure sth out phrasal verb ( informal )

= to calculate an amount or the cost of sth Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?

figure / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( AmE )= to calculate an amount or the cost of sthWe figured the attendance at 150 000.

The cost of manufacture is figured at $15 000.FIGURE STH OUT OR FIGURE?

Figure is only used in American English;figure sth out is used in both British and American English.However, it cannot be used with at to give a total :We figured out the attendence at 150 000

put a figure on sth phrase ( usually used in questions and negative statements )= to say the exact price or number of sth It's impossible to put a figure on the number of homeless people in the country.

7/30/2019 count1


estimate verb

estimate • guess • judge • reckon • calculate • gauge • figure • extrapolate

These words all mean to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of sth but withoutcalculating it exactly.

PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS► to estimate/guess/judge/reckon/calculate/gauge/extrapolate sth from sth► to estimate/reckon/calculate sth at sth► to estimate/guess/judge/reckon/calculate/figure/extrapolate that…

► to estimate/guess/judge/figure/calculate/gauge how much/how many/how far, etc.

► to estimate/guess/judge/reckon/calculate/gauge/figure sth to be sth

► to estimate/guess/judge/calculate/gauge the amount/value/size/distance

► to estimate/guess/calculate sb/sth's age

► to estimate/judge/gauge the depth

estimate / BrE ; AmE / [ T , often passive ] ( rather formal )

= to form an idea of the likely cost, size, value, etc. of sth, but without calculating itexactly Police estimated the size of the crowd at 50 000.

Estimate the time it will take to complete each section.The satellite will cost an estimated $500m. It is estimated that the project will last about four years.The scale of the problem has been estimated by a number of different surveys.The deal is estimated to be worth over a million pounds.We estimated that the distance would be roughly 200 km. It's hard to estimate just how many children are living in poverty.

guess / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to find the right answer to a question or the truth about sth without knowing all thefactsShe guessed the answer straight away. I guessed, rightly, that the keys would be under the doormat.You'll never guess where they've gone.So it was you who called earlier. I might have guessed ! If you can guess my age, I'll buy you a drink!Guess how long it took me to get here. It's impossible to guess what they might have been feeling.

judge / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to estimate the size, amount, etc. of sth without measuring it exactlyYoung children are unable to judge the speed of traffic. I judged him to be about 50.You quickly learn to judge the distances involved. It's difficult to judge how long the journey will take.The bowler judged it well, timing the ball to perfection.

7/30/2019 count1


ESTIMATE OR JUDGE?

Estimate is used especially to talk about things such as costs , which you would have tocalculate to know exactly.Judge is used more for things such as distances, depths and speeds , which you wouldhave to measure to know exactly.

People often estimate future costs and lengths of time which cannot be calculatedexactly, by thinking carefully about what is likely, given the information that they have.People often have to judge distances and speeds quickly, not by thinking carefully aboutall the available information, but by using their past experience as a guide.

reckon / BrE ; AmE / [ T , often passive ]=to estimate an amount or time approximatelyThe age of the earth is reckoned to be about 4 600 million years.

They reckon (that) their profits were down by 30%.The trip was reckoned to take over two days. I could see him reckoning the cost as I spoke. My debts were reckoned at $12 000.An amount or time that is reckoned may be more approximate than one that has beenestimated .

calculate / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to guess sth or form an opinion by using all the information available It's impossible to calculate the extent of his influence on her. Environmentalists calculate that hundreds of plant species may be affected.Calculating that he would not be home yet, I slipped in through the back door. I tried to calculate how much time it would take me to get there.

gauge ( AmE also gage ) / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( rather formal )= to estimate the level or amount of sth approximatelyWe were able to gauge the strength of the wind from the movement of the trees.Some of this can be gauged from existing data. It's always difficult to gauge how many people attend events like these.You should be able to gauge roughly how long a task will take.

figure / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( especially AmE , rather informal )= to estimate the amount, cost or age of sb/sth, especially approximately If we can figure roughly how much it will cost, we can decide what to do. I figured him to be well over 40.In American English figure can also be used to talk about calculating sth exactly.

7/30/2019 count1


extrapolate / BrE ; AmE / [ I , T ] ( formal )= to estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that

are valid for one situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new oneThe figures were obtained by extrapolating from past trends.These results cannot be extrapolated to other patient groups.

Try not to extrapolate too much from your own experience.► extrapolation / BrE ; AmE / noun [ U , C ]:

Their age can be determined by extrapolation from their growth rate.

synonyms = to compute , to reckon , to figure , to figure sth out , to work sth out , to put afigure on sth , to quantify , to cipher These verbs refer to the use of mathematical methods to determine a result.Calculate, the most comprehensive, often implies a relatively high level of abstraction or procedural complexity:The astronomer calculated the planet's position.Compute applies to possibly lengthy arithmetic operations:

computing fees according to time spent. Reckon, cipher, and figure suggest the use of simple arithmetic:reckoned the number of hours before her departure;had to be taught to read and to cipher trying to figure my share of the bill.

7/30/2019 count1


add , verb1. a aduna , a face o adunare

.Add 7 and 5 to make 12.

.For tax purposes, your pension and earnings are added together.

. If you add (= calculate the total of) three and four you get seven.

.

Add £2.20 to the cost for postage.2. a adauga (la) , a mai pune

. If the mixture seems dry, add water.

.Do you want to add your name to the list?

.Suzuki has added extra doors to its sports off-roader.

.Material about recent research has been added to this new edition.

3. a adauga , a mai spune ceva la ce s-a mai spus.And I don't care what you think,' she added defiantly.

. Is there anything you'd like to add, David?

add that

Mike added that his father disagreed with his decision.They added that a full inquiry would be set up to investigate what happened.Everyone will be invited to vote, he said, adding that voting is likely to be via the web.I hasten to add = used to explain more about what you have just said

( m-am grabit sa adaug )- I was refused accommodation - not, I hasten to add, on account of my appearance- I have, I hasten to add, no precise statistics on hand.- Many of them built up vast fortunes under my father's regime, illegal fortunes, I hasten

to add.I might add = used to comment on what you have just said

- She was trying to entertain us - unsuccessfully, I might add- Yes, they have decided to reinstate you, over my violent objections, I might add.

- Very expensive method too I might add.4. a se adauga la ceva , a creste costul sau cantitatea

. Spell-checking your document adds time to the process.

. Sales tax adds to the price.

5. a adauga o calitateadded value - calitatea in plus

- We've added value to the information by organizing it.- I used to pour the orange juice, which represented the added value in our products, into

four separate glasses.add a touch of glamour/class (to something)

- Champagne always adds a touch of glamour to the occasion.- Coloured glass can be added for effect.6. adaugat la asta , pe langa astaadd(ed) to that/this

- Our hospitals are short of cash. Add to that the long hours doctors work, and you have arecipe for disaster.

- Added to that, the child may have feelings of insecurity, jealousy and possessiveness.

7/30/2019 count1


7. a adauga greutate unei ideiadd weight to the suggestion/idea etc

- Recent research adds weight to the theory that the climate is changing.

Expresii

to add insult to injury

= to make a bad situation worse for someone who has already been treated badly:- She not only deceived him but, to add insult to injury, allowed him to pay for her meal.- The bank not only refused to refund the money but, to add insult to injury, charged me

for the letter telling me so!add fuel to the fire/flames = to make an argument or disagreement worse:

- Rather than providing a solution, their statements merely added fuel to the fire.

Phrasal verbs

add sh in = include. Don't forget to add in the cost of your time.

. It's $45 - $50 if you add in the cost of postage.

add sh on = to include or put on something extra:. proposals to add a penny on income tax

add sh on to

. The private chapel was added on to the church much later.

add to sh = to make a feeling or quality stronger and more noticeable:. This show will no doubt add to his growing reputation.

add up

1. a aduna- I can add up in my head quite easily.- If you add those four figures up, it comes to over £500.- She added the bill up.- I'm not very good at adding up!

2. a se adauga la

- Rising prison population and overcrowding add up to a real crisis.- The various building programmes add up to several thousand new homes.- It all added up to a lot of hard work for all of us.- Their proposals do not add up to any real help for the poor.

3. totul se aduna la = it all adds up informal used to say that lots of small amounts

gradually make a large total:- There are five of us using the phone so it all adds up.- Twenty hours and 33 actors-it all adds up to...

7/30/2019 count1


4. not add up - nu se leaga , nu se potrivesc

- He was troubled by a feeling that things just didn't add up.- There were a few things in his story that didn't add up.- Why had she left the note? It just didn't add up.- His promises do not add up.

- Now at first glance these figures do not add up.- The Opposition can not add up.

Common error

The other ingredients are then added into the mixture.The other ingredients are then added to the mixture.add sth to sth (NOT into):'They are demanding that a new clause be added to the contract which will give them ashare of the profits.' 'When a prefix is added to a word, you make a new word.'

STUDY NOTE: Word family

addition nounadditive nounadditonal adjectiveadded adjectiveadd verbadditionally adverb

add-on , noun , countable1. a piece of equipment which can be connected to a computer to give it an extra use

− A modem is a useful add-on.2. an extra part which is added, especially to an officially organized plan, system,

agreement, etc.

− Legal expenses cover is often sold as an add-on to household insurance policies.

7/30/2019 count1


give 4 verb

give • add • lend • impart

These words all mean to produce a particular feeling in sb or a particular quality in sth.


► to give/add/lend/impart sth to sth► to give/add/lend/impart a/an sense/feeling/air of sth► to give/add/lend a touch of sth► to give/add/lend/impart (a) flavour/colour to sth► to give/add/lend (a) new dimension/credibility/distinction (to sth)► to add/lend glamour/elegance (to sth)

give / BrE ; AmE / gave , given [ T ]= to produce a particular feeling in sb or a particular quality in sth All that driving has given me a headache.This shampoo will give your hair a nice healthy sheen.

The dark glasses gave him an air of mystery.Go for a walk. It'll give you an appetite.

add / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to give a particular quality to a person, place, event or situationThe suite will add a touch of class to your bedroom. ◇ The Easter Festival added a newdimension to Salzburg's musical life.Add is typically used to talk about producing an effect of impressive style to places or situations:to add a touch/sense/feeling of glamour/elegance/luxury/opulence/distinction/class

lend / BrE ; AmE / lent , lent [ T ] ( written )= to give a particular atmosphere to an event or situation; to give support to a claim or

theory and make it seem more likely to be true or genuineThe setting sun lent an air of melancholy to the scene. Her presence lent the occasion a certain dignity.This latest evidence lends support to her theory.Something might also lend weight or credence to a claim or theory.

impart / BrE ; AmE / [ T ] ( rather formal , written )= to give a particular quality to sth, especially a flavour or smellThe spice imparts an Eastern flavour to the dish.

7/30/2019 count1


tally , verb past tense and past participle tallied , present participle tallying ,third person singular tallies

1. a socoti, a număra , a calcula, - tally up , to count or reckon up.2. a insemna pe raboj- to mark or enter on a tally;3. a ponta , a puncta , a bifa - to register; record4. a atasa un talon , o eticheta la un pachet - to furnish with a tally or identifying label.5. a coincide , a se potrivi - to cause to correspond or agree.

. Our figures don't tally - you've made it twenty pounds more than me.

. The children squealed with delight when Karen tallied up the poker chips and

announced that Jennifer and Bryan had the highest scores.. The number of ballot papers did not tally with the number of voters.

.

Your plans don't tally with mine.. Our figures don't tally - you've made it twenty pounds more than me.

. Lilly says things that don't always tally with the truth.

tally , noun countable= a record of how much you have spent, won etc by a particular point in time

1. raboj2. pontaj , punctaj , insemnare , inregistrare cu puncte3. eticheta atasat ala bagaje , marfuri , billet de identificare4. duplicat , copie dupa factura , document

. The final tally was $465,000.

. The final tally was 42 percent in favor of the proposition, compared with 58 percent

against.. Keep a tally of (=write down) the number of cars that pass.

. It was my job to keep a tally of all the tickets we sold.

. This penalty took his tally for Bath up to 259 points in 49 matches.

. The two goals that took his tally for Scotland to 15

tally-ho= a shout made by a hunter who sees a fox

http://www.dictionarromanenglez.ro/dictionar/socoti


http://www.dictionarromanenglez.ro/dictionar/num%C4%83ra


http://www.dictionarromanenglez.ro/dictionar/calcula


http://www.dictionarromanenglez.ro/dictionar/calcula


7/30/2019 count1


tot , verb past tense and past participle totted , present participle totting

tot sh up - a se ridica la , a totaliza , a insuma , a socoti in total - synonym total up:

- The waiter quickly totted up the bill.- She quickly totted up our bill and added an amount for the waiter.- That tots up to £20.- At the end of the year they will tot up hours spent on others' farms and bill each other

accordingly.

tot , noun , countable1. copilas , tanc , gagalice - informal UK a very small child

These are good strong toys for tiny tots.2. paharel , dusca , - especially UK a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink

He poured them each a generous tot of whisky/rum.

total , verbUK past tense and past participle totalled ,UK present participle totallingUS past tense and past participle totaled ,US present participle totaling1. a aduna , a totaliza , a insuma

. This is the eighth volume in the series, which totals 21 volumes in all.

. We totalled (up) the money we had each earned, and then shared it equally among

the three of us.. The group had losses totalling $3 million this year.

2. a face praf , a busi rau o masina - informal US to wreck or demolish completely:. Chuck totaled his dad's new Toyota.

. He totaled his new car in the accident.

total sh up - a aduna. At the end of the game, total up everyone's score to see who has won.

7/30/2019 count1


be linking verb

be • total • equal • add up to sth • amount to sth • number • run to sth

These words all mean to reach a particular number or amount when all numbers/amountshave been added together.


► to be/total/equal/add up to/amount to/number/run to 50/2 million, etc.

► to be/total/equal/add up to/amount to/run to $250/75%

► to be/total/add up to/amount to/number/run to about/around/approximately sth► to be/total/add up to/amount to/number/run to nearly/almost/over/more than/at least sth► to be/total/add up to/amount to/number fewer than/no more than sth► to be/total/add up to/amount to less than sth► to total/amount to/number/run to some 50, 300, pages, pieces, etc.► profits/scores total/add up to/amount to sth► income totals/adds up to/amounts to sth

► a/an group/crowd/army totals/numbers 25, 1000, etc.

be / BrE ; AmE /= to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth elseThree and three is six. How much is a thousand pounds in euros? Let x be the sum of a and b. London is not England ( = do not think that all of England is like London ) .

total / BrE ; AmE / -ll- , AmE -l- ( especially business )= to reach a particular number or amount when added together

Imports totalled $1.5 billion last year. In 2005–6, college enrolments totalled some 5 400.

equal / BrE ; AmE / -ll- , AmE -l-= to be the same in size, quantity, value, etc. as sth else2x plus y equals 7 ( 2x+y=7 ) A metre equals 39.38 inches.

BE OR EQUAL?

In some cases you can use either word:Three and three is /equals six.

Let x be /equal the sum of a and b. However, equal is not usually used in questions :

How much does a thousand pounds equal in Euros?

It is slightly more formal than be and is usually only used in exact sums: A metre is about/around/approximately 40 inches. A metre equals about/around/approximately 40 inches.

add up to sth phrasal verb

7/30/2019 count1


= to make a total amount or number of sthThe numbers add up to exactly 100.Their earnings were £250, £300 and £420, adding up to a total of £970.

a mount to sth phrasal verb

= to reach a particular number or amount when added together His earnings are said to amount to £300 000 per annum.

They gave me some help in the beginning but it did not amount to much ( = they did notgive me much help ) .

number / BrE ; AmE /= to make a particular number when added together The crowd numbered more than a thousand.We numbered 20 ( = there were 20 of us in the group ) .TOTAL, ADD UP TO STH, AMOUNT TO STH OR NUMBER ?

Add up to and number can be used to emphasize the process of calculating a totalthrough mathematics or counting;total and amount to sth focus more on the number/amount rather than the process of arriving at the result.Total and amount to sth are used especially in business writing when describing the performance of a company or industry.Number usually has people as the subject of the sentence;total is the only other verb that can be used like this:The crew totalled/numbered sixteen.The crew added up to/amounted to sixteen.

run to sth phrasal verb

= to be of a particular size or amount, especially when this is surprisingly largeThe book runs to nearly 800 pages.The cost of repairing damaged roads alone will run to £1million.

7/30/2019 count1


crash verb

crash • slam • collide • smash • plough into sth • bang into sth • wreck • write sth off

• total

These are all words that can be used when sth, especially a vehicle, hits sth else veryhard.


► to crash/slam/smash/plough/bang into sth► to crash/slam/smash sth into sth► two vehicles crash/collide► two vehicles crash/slam/smash/bang into each other

► to crash/smash/wreck/write off/total a car/truck/vehicle

► to crash/collide head-on

crash / BrE ; AmE / [ I , T ] ( rather informal )= to hit an object or another vehicle, causing damage; to make a vehicle do this I was terrified that the plane would crash .

Look out! We're ( = our car is ) going to crash ! He crashed the car into a tree.

slam / BrE ; AmE / phrasal verb -mm- [ I , T ] ( always used with into or against )= to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do thisThe car skidded and slammed into a tree.The force of the explosion slammed me against the wall.

collide / BrE ; AmE / [ I ] ( rather formal )= (of two vehicles or people) to crash into each other; (of a vehicle or person) to crash

into sb/sth else

The car and the van collided head-on in thick fog. As he fell, his head collided with the table.The car collided head-on with the van in thick fog.

smash / BrE ; AmE / [ I , T ] ( rather informal )= to crash into sth with a lot of force; to make sth do this; to crash a car A bullet smashed into the wall behind them. Ramraiders smashed a stolen car through the shop window. NOTE

CRASH, SLAM OR SMASH?

Crash

−can also be used to talk about other things, if used with a preposition: He crashed down the telephone receiver.

− is used especially to talk about vehicles and can be used without a preposition:We're going to crash , aren't we?

−In this meaning slam and smash always take a preposition :We're going to slam/smash, aren't we?

−They are used for talking about a much wider range of things than just vehicles.

7/30/2019 count1


plough into sth phrasal verb ( BrE ) ( AmE plow into sth )= (especially of a vehicle or its driver) to crash into sth with a lot of force, especially

because you are driving too fast or not paying enough attention A truck ploughed into the back of the bus.

bang into sth phrasal verb ( rather informal )= to crash into or hit sth by mistake I banged into a chair and hurt my leg.

wreck / BrE ; AmE / [ T ]= to crash a vehicle and damage it so badly that it is not worth repairingThe road was littered with wrecked cars.write sth off / BrE ; AmE / phrasal verb ( BrE , rather informal )= to crash a vehicle and damage it so badly that it is not worth repairing He's written off two cars this year.► write-off noun [ C ]:

She survived the crash with minor injuries, but the car was a write-off.total / BrE ; AmE / [ T -ll- , AmE -l- ( especially AmE , informal , spoken )= to damage sth, especially a vehicle, so badly that it is not worth repairingShe never forgave him for totaling her car. NOTE

WRECK , WRITE STH OFF OR TOTAL?

Vehicles are written off or totalled by accident.They can be wrecked by accident or deliberately, especially for fun: youths who steal and wreck fast cars

7/30/2019 count1


total , noun contable= total , suma

. That's £7 and £3.50, so the total is £10.50.

. Unemployment is likely to reach the highest total that has ever been recorded.

a total of

.

At that time of day, cars with only one occupant accounted for almost 80% of thetotal.

. A total of 21 horses were entered for the race.

. A total of thirteen meetings were held to discuss the issue.

in total

. We made £700 in total, over three days of trading.

. There were probably about 40 people there in total.

. In total, fewer than 10 percent of vehicles are searched.

the total for sth

. What was his total for the whole season?

[a percent/fraction] of the total

. Women made up 58.8 percent of the total, men 41.2 percent.out of a total of sth

. We already have 31 overseas members out of a total 140 members.

the final/net/overall total

. How much was the final total?

the annual monthly total

. In May, registrations hit their lowest monthly total in nine years.

a combined total

. The award brings the combined total of compensatory and punitive damages to $33.5

million.

the jobless/rainfall/sales total. The jobless total in Scotland dropped by a further 1200 last month.

a point/vote total

. Smith's vote total is the second highest in history.

bring/take the total to sth

. She had two more children, bringing the total to five.

make/reach a total (of sth)

. John gave us two more bottles, which makes a total of six altogether.

exceed/surpass a total

. The month's rainfall exceeded its normal July total of 2.31 inches

the sum total - total = the whole of an amount when everything is considered together .

In the orthodox view the illness is considered to be the sum total of the symptoms andsigns which it produces.

. Is that the sum total of the charges against me?

grand total

a) the final total, including all the totals added together ➔ subtotal

That brings the grand total to $ 212,645. b) used humorously when you think the final total is small:

I earned a grand total of $4.15.

7/30/2019 count1


total , adjective1. totalul

- The total amount raised so far is approaching $1000.- When you include all my overtime, my total pay is quite good.

- What is the total oil output from the British sector of the North Sea?- We need to work out the total cost of the project.- Although sexual and violent crimes have increased by 10%, they remain only a tiny

fraction of the total number of crimes committed each year.2. absolut , deplin , total , categoric

- She stared at him in total incomprehension.- Literary critics were in total disagreement about the value of the book.- The meeting was a total failure.- The Workers' Coalition experienced the ignominy of total defeat in the last election.- He's a total no-hoper - he'll never achieve anything.

7/30/2019 count1


complete adj.

complete • total • real • absolute • outright • utter • perfect • positive • downright

These words are all used to emphasize how great sth is in degree.


► a complete/a total/a real/an absolute/an utter disaster► a complete/a total/a real/an absolute mess

► a complete/a total/a real idiot

► a complete/a total/an absolute/an utter fool

► complete/total/absolute/utter rubbish/nonsense/darkness

► complete/total/absolute/utter/perfect silence

► a complete/total/perfect stranger

► a complete/a real/an absolute beginner

► a complete/a total/an absolute/an outright ban

complete / BrE ; AmE / [ usually before noun ]

= used when you are emphasizing sth, to mean ‘to the greatest degree possible’We were in complete agreement. It came as a complete surprise.The whole thing has been a complete waste of time. I felt like a complete idiot. Refrigerators brought about a complete change in people's lifestyle.The play was a complete disaster from beginning to end.The whole procedure has become a complete farce. After they had gone there was complete silence. It's a complete myth that he has royal blood. He was in complete command of the situation.

The train came to a complete standstill. He was a complete stranger to me.The accident caused the complete closure of the road.

total / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ]= completeThe room was in total darkness. I always expect total honesty from my employees.Six years of total war had left no citizen untouched.These comments indicate a total lack of understanding.The evening was a total disaster!

The game ended in a total rout.They demanded a total ban on handguns.They were to surrender immediately or face total annihilation.The emperor demanded total submission from his subjects.She was a total mystery to him despite their long association. Driving the Jaguar gave him a feeling of total control, effortless superiority.There was a look of total concentration on her face.

7/30/2019 count1


COMPLETE OR TOTAL?

In nearly all cases you can use either of these words:complete /total agreement/honesty/darknessa complete /total surprise/idiot/waste of time/lack of understanding .Total war is a fixed collocation that cannot be changed : Six years of complete war… .

Total is only used before a noun;complete can also be used after a linking verb, although this is not frequent and rather formal: ( rather formal ) Her misery was made complete when she was separated from her children. Her misery was made total…

real / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ] ( rather informal , especially spoken )= complete He looks like a real idiot.This accident could have produced a real tragedy. Her next play was a real contrast. He made a real cock-up of it.Real is used in rather informal language to emphasize the degree to which sth is bad or different.

absolute / BrE ; AmE / [ usually before noun ] ( especially spoken )= complete He must earn an absolute fortune.‘You're wrong,’ she said with absolute certainty.There's absolute rubbish on television tonight.This room is an absolute disgrace. He demands absolute obedience from his men.They drove back to the house in absolute silence.4Mb is the absolute minimum you need to run the program. I've joined a class for absolute beginners.Absolute is used especially in spoken English to emphasize how bad or how large sth is.In slightly more formal and written English it is also used to describe a feeling or quality;it is usually used before a noun, but in literary contexts it can also be used after a linkingverb: ( literary ) Around them the darkness was absolute, the silence oppressive.

outright / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ]= completeShe was the outright winner . No one party is expected to gain an outright majority.They may introduce tougher restrictions or even an outright ban.Collocates of outright in this meaning include win, victory, winner, majority, ban,rejection, refusal and lie .► outright / BrE ; AmE / adv. : Neither candidate won outright.

The group rejects outright any negotiations with the government.

7/30/2019 count1


utter / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ]= completeThat's complete and utter nonsense!To my utter amazement she agreed. He felt like an utter fool.

She could see the utter futility of trying to protest. A feeling of utter helplessness washed over him. It was an act of utter selfishness.Utter

is used especially to describe feelings and qualities,especially of surprise, disgust, despair, confusion, belief and peace.Collocates include surprise, disgust, despair, failure, confusion, chaos, conviction,delight, silence and stillness .

perfect / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ]= complete

I don't know her — she's a perfect stranger. I have a perfect right to ask you — and you have the right not to answer. He has behaved like a perfect gentleman ever since I met him.Collocates of perfect in this meaning include stranger, gentleman, right, accuracy, freedom, harmony and happiness .

positive / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ] ( rather informal )= complete He has a positive genius for upsetting people. It was a positive miracle that we survived.

downright / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ] ( rather informal , usually disapproving )= used to emphasize sth negative or unpleasant It's a downright disgrace that they still haven't paid you.There was suspicion and even downright hatred between them.That's a downright lie!► downright / BrE ; AmE / adv. : It's not just stupid — it's downright dangerous.

7/30/2019 count1


whole adj.

whole • full • total • entire • complete

These words all describe sth which is as big as it can or should be.


► a whole/a full/an entire/a complete day/set► the whole/full/complete truth/story

► full/complete details

► full/a total membership

► your whole/a full/your entire life

► the whole/total/entire population

► unusually/nearly/fairly/reasonably full/complete► almost full/total/complete

whole / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ]= used to emphasize that all of sth is involved; used to emphasize how large or important

sth isWe drank a whole bottle each.The whole country ( = all the people in it ) mourned her death.She wasn't telling the whole truth. Let's forget the whole thing .We offer a whole variety of weekend breaks. I can't afford it — that's the whole point ( = that's exactly what I've been trying to explain ) He spent the whole day writing.

full / BrE ; AmE / [ usually before noun ]= including everyone, everything or every part; to the highest level or greatest amount

possible A full refund will be given if the item is faulty.The address must be printed in full . ◇ Many people don't use their computers to their

full potential .Students should take full advantage of the college's facilities.measures to achieve full employment ◇ I've always believed in living life to the full .The country applied for full membership of the European Union. I ordered a full English breakfast . ◇ Full details are available on request. I still don't think we've heard the full story.She came round the corner at full speed .

total / BrE ; AmE / [ usually before noun ]= being the amount or number after everyone or everything is counted or added together The total profit was more than £500.The club has a total membership of about 300.This brought the total number of accidents so far this year to 113.

7/30/2019 count1


► total noun [ C ]:

You got 47 points in the last game and 18 in this one, making a total of 65.Out of a total of 15 games, they only won 2.The repairs come to over £500 in total ( = including everything ) . I try to keep a running total of how much I'm spending ( = a total that changes as you add

each new item ) .That makes a grand total of 220 dollars ( = when all totals have been added together ) .

entire / BrE ; AmE / [ only before noun ]= used to emphasize that all of sth is involved, especially when this is a bad thing I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense!The disease threatens to wipe out the entire population.The entire village was destroyed.

WHOLE OR ENTIRE?

Entire emphasizes sth more strongly than whole and is used especially to emphasize how bad sth is: I wasted a whole /an entire day on it.We spent the whole day on the beach.We spent the entire day on the beach.

complete / BrE ; AmE /= including all the parts that are necessary A complete guide to events in Oxford is available from the office.the complete works of Tolstoy.You will receive payment for each complete day that you work. I've collected the complete set.

to include

to number

to divide

to multiply

to substract

to take away

to determine ,

to estimate ,

to record

7/30/2019 count1


to work sth out

to compute

to quantify

to figure , to figure sth out , to put a figure on sth

to double , triple

to crunch

enter ,

write ,

write down

pick ,

think of

count1

Documents

Transcript of count1