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Transcript of Counsel for International Development Annual Civil Military Forum 2013 ‘Protection of Civilians’...
Counsel for International Development Annual Civil Military Forum 2013
‘Protection of Civilians’
Panel – Peacekeepers and Protection: Methods of Protection from Soft to Hard Protection
A International Humanitarian Perspective
Presented by Kevin Riddell - TEAR Fund NZ
Friday 24th May – St John’s Willis Street Wellington.
There is an ongoing ‘Civil-Military’ discussion around this!
How do we as International Stakeholders Effectively address this?
How do we ensure our mandate and action will ‘Protect Civilians’ and ‘do no harm’?
From a ‘humanitarian perspective’ our effectiveness in reaching this outcome, is determined by …
Our recognition of ‘Humanitarian’ principles and Practice (As outlined in the Sphere Handbook and the Red Cross Code of Conduct) .
Our willingness to interact and understand each others mandates.
Effective Interaction and coordination of Stakeholders depends on;
Recognizing all the ‘stakeholders’.
Adapting to the ‘changing landscape’ of a multi-stakeholder environment.
Creating ‘safe operating zones?’ for multi-stakeholder interaction.
Iraq in 2005 was a country divided into ‘safe’ operating zones and very definite ‘danger’ zones!
3,000 civilians were being killed per month
3m people displaced in Jordan and Syria and 1m internally displaced in Iraq.
The US was spending 2b USD per month on the reconstruction of the country.
Private security number 150K compared to US troops on the ground @ 60K
What do you think is missing in these photos?
There are no people!
Why do you think there are no people?
Kirkuk Rehabilitation Centre
People felt too unsafe to come for treatment
Instead people would travel to Rehab Centres in Safer Zones!
Suleimania – 2hrs drive East
Soran – 4hrs drive North
Erbil – 2hrs drive North-east
Dyala displacement township – 1 1/2hrs drive North-east
Changing landscape of Iraq
Closed Country 1970s/1980s – 1 in 3 people worked for security police
Post Conflict Zone (1990s – Following Kuwait war)No Fly Zone
UN SanctionsGovernment controlled zone/Kurdish
enclave Safe Haven (Kurdistan) – 1991 - 2003
Civil war – Kurdish in-fightingTurkish/Iranian influence – PKKSnipers
War – US led coalition ‘Iraqi war’ – 2003Collapse of Bath’ist Regime – 45yrs reign
Danger Zone – 2003 – present dayReconstruction of Iraq.Introduction of Western style political reform ‘Democracy’.Power Vacuum – rise of terrorism/organized crime/new political elites.Kurdistan region of Iraq legitimized.
How did we adapt to this changing landscape?
Included Ministries & Community Groups in ‘Danger’ Zones in the discussions
Included the CIMIC teams
Developed a regional strategy based in the ‘Safe’ zones that included representation from all zones
Developed a referral system – from ‘hostile’ areas into ‘safe’ zones
15
ERCD Project : Nangahar Province
1. Feuding Communities
2. Poor, rural and illiterate
3. Taliban Presence
4. Marginalized minority
5. Suspicious of outsiders
16
The Consequence of the intervention …
Feuding stopped and dialogue began
Influence of Taliban to control these communities weakened
Majority of adult men and woman reading and writing
Communities food secure and disaster resilient
The Conflict environment is a complex scenario of multiple stakeholders with wide and distinct Mandates
Important that International Stakeholders ‘interact’ and work in the spirit of ‘inclusiveness’.
Recognize that the environment is a ‘changing landscape’ that requires an adaptive approach within our programmes.
Crucial that international humanitarian principles and Practice are applied by all international actors
The CHALLENGE for us as International Stakeholders remains;
How can we ENTER and OPERATE in this Environment without endangering each others lives and the lives of people being assisted?
How can we EXIT with some kind of reassurance the people receiving assistance will benefit from our combined intervention?’