COST ACTION FA1204 Vegetable Grafting to Improve Yield …...CV% Kiara F1 2,6 a 0,55 2 3 21,07...
Transcript of COST ACTION FA1204 Vegetable Grafting to Improve Yield …...CV% Kiara F1 2,6 a 0,55 2 3 21,07...
COST ACTION FA1204 Vegetable Grafting to Improve Yield and Fruit QualityUnder Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions
3rd COST Action FA1204 ANNUAL CONFERENCE
"Rhizosphere and Rootstock"
13-16 September 2015 Berlin, Germany
“Maritsa” Vegetable Crops Research Institute – Plovdiv Bulgaria
RESPONSE OF CUCURBIT BREEDING MATERIAL TO FUSARIUM WILT, PYTHIUM ROOT ROT AND MELOIDOGYNE SPP.
N. Velkov, St. Masheva, D. Markova, V. Yankova, Tz. Lazarova
The aim of this study was to evaluate response of cucurbit breeding material to Fusarium wild, Pythium root rot and root-
knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in order to be used as rootstocks or as initial material for breeding.
Materials and Methods
The study was carried out in the “Maritsa” Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria during the period 2014 - 2015.
The experiments were conducted in glasshouse conditions.
Plant material Cucumis sativus - Kiara F1 (control); Gergana ,TG, TD. Total – 4 genotypes Cucurbita maxima - СМ-720, SB-2, SB-3, CM-RH, CMK, Turban; Total – 6 genotypes Cucurbita moschata - Muskatna 51-17, Carotina, NY-1, PI 560946; Total – 4 genotypes Cucurbita ficifolia - Grif 9448 En, PI 512680 Es; Total – 2 genotypes C. maxima x C. moschata F1 - Turban x Muskatna 51-17, СM 720 x
Carotina; Total – 2 genotypes Cucurbita pepo – АМБ; Lagenaria siceraria – Local.
Fusarium and Pythium tests
Inoculum of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and Pythium spp., was prepared on barley medium. The autoclaved medium was inoculated from 5 - days old culture and then incubated at 25 ± 1o C for two weeks. The inoculum was introduced in experimental pots (4% of the substrate).
Seeds were sown in 400 ml pots. Ten plants per genotype are transplanted into 5 L pots with mixture of peat + perlite + soil (1:1:1) three weeks after emergence. Both pathogens are incorporated in the pots after transplanting.
The rate of infestation from pathogens was recorded on five-grade scale (0-4), where 0 - no attack; 1 - damaged single root; 2 - damaged 25% of the roots; 3 – damaged 26-50 % of roots, 4 - damaged over 50% of the roots. The index of infestation (i, %) is estimated by Mc Kinney formula.
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) test
Seeds were sown in 400 ml pots with mixture (peat:perlite – 1:1). Ten plants per genotype are transplanted into 5 L pots three weeks after emergence. Pots were inoculated at time of transplanting with 6000 second stage juveniles (J2) per pot. Sixty days after soil infestation with nematodes, the plants were uprooted and washed free of soil using tap water.
The root systems were rated for galling on a scale 0 – 5 as follows: 0 - no galling, 1 - trace infections with a few small galls, 2 - <25% roots galled, 3 - 25–50% galling, 4 - 50–75% galling and 5 - > 75% of roots galled. The index of infestation (i, %) is estimated by Mc Kinney formula.
Results of Fusarium wilt and Pythium root rot tests
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
Kiara F1 2,6 a 0,55 2 3 21,07
Gergana 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12
TG 0,4 c 0,55 0 1 36,93
TD 0,8 bc 0,45 0 1 55,90
Table 1. Rate of infestation of Cucumis sativus
a, b, c … – Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0,05)
Gergana
FP Control
Kiara F1
FP Control
FP Control
TG
FP Control
TD
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
СМ-720 2,4 ns 0,42 2 3 17,43
SB-2 2,4 ns 0,42 2 3 17,43
SB-3 2,8 ns 0,84 2 4 29,88
CM-RH 2,2 ns 0,45 2 3 20,33
CMK 2,2 ns 0,45 2 3 20,33
Turban 2,8 ns 0,45 2 3 15,97
Table 2. Rate of infestation of Cucurbita maxima
ns –not significant
SB 2
CM 720
FP Control
FP Control
Turban
FP Control
SB 3
FP Control
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
Muskatna 51-17 1,2 c 0,45 1 2 37,27
Carotina 2,2 b 0,27 2 2,5 12,45
NY-1 3,2 a 0,84 2 4 26,15
PI 560946 2,6 ab 0,55 2 3 21,07
Table 3. Rate of infestation of Cucurbita moschata
a, b, c … – Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0,05)
Carotina FP Control
NY-1 Muskatna 51-17
Control FP Control FP
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
Cucurbita ficifolia
Grif 9448 En 2,2 b 0,45 2 3 20,33
PI 512680 Es 2,8 b 0,84 2 4 29,88
C. maxima x C. moschata F1
Turban x Muskatna 51-17 2,8 b 0,45 2 3 15,97
СM 720 x Carotina 2,2 b 0,45 2 3 20,33
Cucurbita pepo
AMB 2,6 b 0,55 2 3 21,07
Lagenaria siceraria
Local 0,4 a 0,55 0 1 36,93
Table 4. Rate of infestation of the other cucurbits
Lagenaria
Turban x Muskatna 51-17 F1
PF Control
CM720 x Carotina F1
PF Control
PI 512680 Es
PF Control PF Control
C. ficifolia
Figure 1. Index of infestation (in %) of Fusarium and Pythium
65
40
10
20
6065
70
55 55
70
30
50
80
65
55
70 70
55
65
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Kia
ra F
1
Ger
gana TG TD
СМ
-720
SB
-2
SB
-3
CM
-RH
CM
K
Tur
ban
Mus
katn
a 51
-17
Car
otin
a
NY
-1
PI 5
6094
6
Grif
944
8 E
n
PI 5
1268
0 E
s
Tur
ban
x M
usk
51-1
7
СM
720 x
Caro
tina
AM
B
Lage
nariai,%
C. sativus C.maxima C. moschata C. f icifolia
Results of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) test
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
Kiara F1 2,5 a 0,71 1,5 3 28,28
Gergana 1,5 b 0,50 1 2 33,33
TG 1,0 b 0,00 1 1 0,00
TD 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12
Table 5. Rate of root galling of Cucumis sativus
a, b, c … – Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0,05)
Kiara F1
TD TG
Gergana
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
СМ-720 1,2 b 0,76 0,5 2 63,19
SB-2 1,3 b 0,45 1 2 34,40
SB-3 1,8 ab 0,76 1 2,5 42,13
CM-RH 2,4 a 1,34 1 4 55,90
CMK 2,2 a 1,30 1 4 59,27
Turban 1,4 b 0,55 1 2 39,12
Table 6. Rate of root galling of Cucurbita maxima
a, b, c … – Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0,05)
SB-2 SB-3 CM 720
CM-RH Turban CMK
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
Muskatna 51-17 1,2 ab 0,45 1 2 37,27
Carotina 0,8 b 0,27 0,5 1 34,23
NY-1 2,2 a 1,30 1 4 59,27
PI 560946 1,2 ab 0,45 1 2 37,27
Table 7. Rate of root galling of Cucurbita moschata
a, b, c … – Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0,05)
Muskatna 51-17
Carotona
NY-1
Genotype Mean ±S.D. Min. Max. CV%
Cucurbita ficifolia
Grif 9448 En 2,0 ab 1,00 1 3 50,00
PI 512680 Es 2,6 a 0,89 2 4 34,40
C. maxima x C. moschata F1
Turban x Muskatna 51-17 1,2 bc 0,45 1 2 37,27
СM 720 x Carotina 0,6 c 0,55 0 1 91,29
Cucurbita pepo
AMB 1,4 bc 0,55 1 2 39,12
Lagenaria siceraria
Local 1,4 bc 0,55 1 2 39,12
Table 8. Rate of root galling of other cucurbits
CM720 x Carotina F1
Turban x Muskatna 51-17 F1
Lagenaria
62,5
37,5
25
35 32,5 32,5
43,75
6055
3530
20
55
30
50
65
30
15
3035
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Kia
ra F
1
Ge
rga
na
TG
TD
СМ
-72
0
SB
-2
SB
-3
CM
-RH
CM
K
Tu
rba
n
Mu
skat
na
51
-17
Ca
rotin
a
NY
-1
PI 5
60
94
6
Gri
f 94
48
En
PI 5
12
68
0 E
s
Tu
rba
n x
Mu
sk 5
1-1
7
СM
72
0 x
Ca
rotin
a
AM
B
La
ge
na
ria
i,%
C. sativus C.maxima C. moschata C. ficifolia
Figure 2. Index of infestation (%) of Meloidogyne spp.
Conclusions
TG (C. sativus) and cv. Local (L. siceraria) are the most resistant genotypes to Fusarium wild and Pythium root rot.
CM720 x Carotina F1, Carotina (C. moschata) and TG (C. sativus) are the most resistant genotypes to Meloidogyne spp.
Studied breeding material could be used both directly for grafting cucumber plants, and as a basis for starting rootstock breeding program.