COST 355, WG1« Changing Behaviour for a more sustainable transport system »

Arcueil, 2005, May 19 th

D.PATIER, LET, France

Follow up of environmental and energyconsumption effects from some French

experimentations

1. Monaco and La Rochelle UDC: context

La Rochelle : ELCIDIS European project (1998-2001) + local political portage + electric vehicles Monaco : anteriority + comfortable financial position, choice of thermic vehicles

COST 355, WG1

2 experiments carried out under public initiative and private management

2 different political and geographical contexts

aims : environmental in La Rochelle, organisational in Monaco

setting up : 1989 Monaco + Logistic Activity Park in 2002 (20 mn from Monaco, deported storage zone) 2001 La RochelleUDC concerns all the city in Monaco, the historical centre in La Rochelle

Regulation more strict in Monaco, above all its control than LR

Urban Distribution Centres economic functioning

700 m2 area no enter for > 3.5T in 2002 : subsidies 54000 €, 72477 parcels, 80 carriers 6 electric vehicles <3.5T. + 1 thermic veh + 1 commercial electric veh. nb persons : 4

La Rochelle UDC :

1300 m2 area no enter for > 8.5T in 2002 : subsidies 86000 €, 82563 parcels, 14 carriers 3 trucks 3.5 T., 1 truck 7.5 T., 1 van 1 T, 1 electric < 3.5T. nb persons : 8

Monaco UDC :

COST 355, WG1

Urban Distribution centres

evaluation method

Calculation for consumption and pollutants emission : Ratio of the ADEME (French National Energy Institute) based on the type of vehicle, covered distance, speed, loading rate.

Surveys : to Carriers, deliverymen,Interviews : shopkeepers, local authorities... concern the rounds going through the UDC in 2003 and the same ones realised before the UDC use

Ratios : number of vehicles, covered distances, average loading rate, itinerary, number of stops…

Urban congestion, insecurity, local atmospheric pollution, sound nuisance : counting and local authorities advice

Calculation method for land use : number of vehicle*km, delivery time

COST 355, WG1

Concerns only the vehicles going through the PF

Saving La Rochelle Monaco

Consumption in e.p./year 61% 26%

POLLUTANTS

Nox 61% 25%

CO 61% 35%

SO2 63% 26%

GREENHOUSE EFFECTS

CO2 equivalent (Kg/year) 61% 26%

LAND USE (m² .h.veh.km) -33% 42%

EXTERNAL COSTS

local atmospheric pollution 61% 23%

sound nuisance 61% 30%

urban congestion -50% 38%

insecurity -17% 50%

Urban Distribution centresenvironmental results

Source : Interface-Transport, 2004D.PATIER, LET, France

Nevertheless, a difficult transfer...

1. La Rochelle :Better performance (energy consumption)Lower (urban congestion)Pb. with the vehicle size

2. Monaco :logistic system more efficient than before the UDC use, with a similar propulsion

COST 355, WG1

An innovated facilitating system for incoming goods

For the last mile

City centre

2.VAP (Vehicule Accommodation Point), Bordeaux Description

D.PATIER, LET, France

COST 355, WG1

Number In gep In gram equivalent petroleum

Véhicle*km/stop Consumption CO CO2 NOx HC SO2 Particles

1,44 261 20.2 843 10.6 3.35 1.19 1.18

Source : Gerardin Conseil, 2005

VAPresults

D.PATIER, LET, France

environmental results: congestion, consumption and pollutant saving with VAP /stop

Quantitative and qualitative surveys (with and without the VAP)

stop following, time saving, energetic consumption and pollutant emission saving, congestion effects, access condition improvement

Road occupancy : the distance covered decreased from 0 to 5 km/VAP stop

Qualitative surveys: all the actors are satisfied

COST 355, WG1

about a 2.77 tep/year consumption decreasing (about 10600 stops/y.)

3.New concepts and new logistic organisations

D.PATIER, LET, France

Final delivery of goods in Paris “La petite Reine”Final delivery of goods in Paris “La petite Reine”

Situation 12 months after initiation of experiments

16 vehicles78 208 km/one year8160 stops and 11421 parcels

Source : Mayor of Paris

COST 355, WG1

In gram equivalent oil CO2 NOx CO COVNM particles

Decrease of yearly emissions in Kg 18958.6 49.2 250.9 48.6 7.8

““La petite Reine”La petite Reine”resultsresults

Economic results : uses: proximity shops, from PF or cross docking warehouse to the delivery at homeBusiness involved: express freight, stationary, food productsIncrease of the number of users (Chronopost and Coliposte)Increase of the tray’s capacity: 1 m3, 150 Kg loading capacitya range of 4 to 5 hours (20 km).Increase of number of rounds: +80 % in 6 monthsIncrease of sales: + 8,7 % in one year

Environmental effects: The yearly consumption saving is 8,3 Tep

Source: ITEM, 2004

A concept transferable

yearly pollutant saving

COST 355, WG1

Chronocity in Strasbourg and soon in the « Champs Elysées » quarter

A new organisation for pick up and deliveries of parcels in a dense urban area

A specific truck carries 2 electric trolleys

A range of 12 h. 2 days without charge

A Chronopost experiment

The deliveryman realises the round on foot

A new concept of urban vehicle

Environnemental effects

Source : MAQASSAR Consulting

09/2002- 09/2003ConsumptionCO2 NOx SO2 particles

Yearly saving in % 51% 51% 53% 51% 28%

COST 355, WG1

1.A difficult evaluation through time

Conclusion

2.A necessary harmonisation of units and ratios

3.Necessary comparison taking in account all the economic, social and environmental factors

Thank you for your attention

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