Cosmology with Ground-Based Cherenkov Telescopes
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Cosmology with Ground-Based Cherenkov Telescopes
Wei Cui (Purdue University)
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Outline
Indirect Dark Matter Search
Signatures of annihilation of DM particles in astronomical settings
Observing plan
Extragalactic Background Light
Absorption of gamma rays from bright distant sources
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Dark Matter Search Triangle
Three complementary approaches
Produce neutralino in laboratory
Directly detect DM WIMP in specialty detectors in (underground) labs
Indirect detection of astrophysical gamma rays from DM annihilation
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The Sky at Different Wavelengths
Visible Light
Microwave
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TeV Sources
Blazar: 14FR I: 1PWN: 6SNR: 5MG: 2Be Bin.: 1Unid.: 15
Cui 2006
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Gamma-Ray Signals
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Annihilation Line?
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Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS)
85 m
109 m
85 m35 m
T1
T4
T2
T3
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Recent Development – Galactic Center
HESS observations of galactic center (HESS J1745-290) from 2003/4 find bulk of emission must have non-dark-matter origin (Aharonian et al.,Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 221102 (2006).
Spectrum appears to have simple power law dependence in contrast to expectation for gamma rays produced by neutralino annihilation
Galactic Center may be difficult place to search for Dark Matter
Aharonian et al. PRL 97,221102 (2006)
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Potential Targets
Dwarf Galaxies – large mass to light ratio
Globular Clusters – dense core gives rise to DM cusp?
Galaxy Clusters
DM dominated
known density profile
Possible DM cusp in cluster center
Nearby Galactic Nuclei – possible cuspy DM near center
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Results with Whipple
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Observing Plan with VERITAS @ Basecamp
Observations 2006M15(GC): 10 hours, September, B weather, 2 telescopes
Targets 2007 – Survey several sources Spring, 2007
Ursa Minor(DG) – 24 hours*Draco(DG) – 21 hours*M87(RG) – 50 hours* ; comes for free as part of non-blazar proposal
Fall, 2007M15(GC) – allocation to be determined; hoping for 30 hrs. in Oct
Targets 2008 – Plan also will be guided by GLAST results! Sextans(DG) – Jan, 2008?M13(GC) – Apr, 2008?Coma (CL)?Follow up on minihaloes should GLAST be fortunate enough to find evidence early on
GC ≡ Globular Cluster, DG ≡ Dwarf Galaxy, CL ≡ Galaxy Cluster, RG ≡ radio galaxy
* Primary Target
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Cosmic Background
Ressel & Turner, 1989
2.7 K
CMBR
Cosmic X-ray
Optical/IRRadio
10 GeV – 1 TeV
Use TeV beams from, e.g., blazars, to probe the
IR background
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Tentative Evidence
Krennrich et al. 2001
Absorption features?
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Universe more transparent to TeV gamma rays?
lower limitsfrom galaxy
counts
measure-ments
upperlimits
Reference shape
HESS limits
XX
Hoffman 2005
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Intrinsic vs Extrinsic
Data
Theory
IR de-absorbed spectrum
Mrk 421
Blazejowski et al. 2004
Courtesy of Alex Konopelko
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Blazar Key Science Project
115 hrs/Year Total, Three Components:
(a) 40 hrs/year: Multiwavelength Campaign for >2 Crab Flares Sample Temporal Evolution of Flux and Spectra.
(b) 40 hrs/year: Intensive Observations of 4 Sources in 2 Years Object RA(J2000) Dec(J2000) z Class
1ES 1218+304 12 21 21.9 +30 10 37 0.182 HBL
1ES 2344+514 23 47 04.8 +51 42 18 0.044 HBL
BL 1101-232 11 03 37.6 -23 29 30 0.186 HBL
H 1426+428 14 28 32.7 +42 40 20 0.129 HBL
[1ES 1959+650] 19 59 59.9 +65 08 55 0.048 HBL
(c) 35 hrs/year: Explore Other Blazar ClassesObject RA(J2000) Dec(J2000) z Class
1ES 0120+340 01 23 08.9 +34 20 50 0.272 HBL
1ES 0806+524 08 09 49.2 +52 18 58 0.138 HBL
BL Lacertae 22 02 43.3 +42 16 40 0.069 IBL
B2 0321+33 03 24 41.2 +34 10 45 0.062 HSFRQ
1ES 1627+40.2 16 29 01.3 +40 08 00 0.271 HSFRQ
1ES 0033+595 00 35 52.6 +59 50 05 0.086 HBL
BL 0647+250 06 50 46.6 +25 03 00 0.203 HBL
W Comae 12 21 31.7 +28 13 58 0.102 IBL
3C 66A 02 22 39.6 +43 02 07 0.444? IBL
Mrk 1218 08 38 11.0 +24 53 43 0.028 HSFRQ WGA J0838+2453.
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Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory *Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory * Adler PlanetariumAdler Planetarium Purdue University *Purdue University * Barnard College, NYBarnard College, NY Iowa State University *Iowa State University * DePauw University, INDePauw University, IN Washington University, St. Louis *Washington University, St. Louis * Grinnell College, IAGrinnell College, IA University of Chicago *University of Chicago * University of California, Santa CruzUniversity of California, Santa Cruz
University of Utah *University of Utah * University of MassachussettsUniversity of Massachussetts University of California, Los Angeles *University of California, Los Angeles * Cork Institute of TechnologyCork Institute of Technology McGill University, Montreal *McGill University, Montreal * Galway-Mayo Institute of TechnologyGalway-Mayo Institute of Technology National University of Ireland, Dublin *National University of Ireland, Dublin * National University of Ireland, GalwayNational University of Ireland, Galway University of Leeds *University of Leeds * Argonne National LabArgonne National LabAssociate Members Associate Members
Project office: Whipple observatory SAO Project office: Whipple observatory SAO
VERITAS Collaboration VERITAS Collaboration ~65 members in more than 20 institutions~65 members in more than 20 institutions
Funding from Funding from NSF/DOE/Smithsonian/PPARC/SFI/NSERCNSF/DOE/Smithsonian/PPARC/SFI/NSERC