COSMOLOGY Eduard Massó UAB/IFAE International Meeting of Fundamental Physics (“Winter” meeting)...
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Transcript of COSMOLOGY Eduard Massó UAB/IFAE International Meeting of Fundamental Physics (“Winter” meeting)...
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COSMOLOGY
Eduard MassóUAB/IFAE
International Meeting of Fundamental Physics(“Winter” meeting)Santiago de Compostela, 2007
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Program
1. The standard cosmological model
2. The observed universe
3. Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology
Emphasis on “Particles”
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Science, vol. 315, 2007
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Our universe is expanding
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redshift
co-movingdistancescale
lights-yearsago
today
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Co-moving co-ordinates
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On top: peculiar (real) velocities
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Hubble’s law & Cosmological principle
Universe homogenous & isotropicon large scales
Cosmological principle
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Hubble’s discoveryQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Hubble’s law: QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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(today)
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Expansion (or contraction) is inevitable
RG + CP
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Robertson-Walker metric(homogeneity & isotropy)
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Parameters:
Parametersare relatedby eqs.
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Cosmological equations
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Friedmann eqs.
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1
2a
1+2a -> 2b
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Spatial geometry &Light propagationQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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OpenFLAT Closed
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3D
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Spatial geometry &Light propagationQuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Luminosity distance
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Measured flux(E/time/area)
Absolute luminosityE/time in rest frame
Luminosity distance
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Hubble’s law
Exact:
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That was kinematics
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Cosmological constant contribution
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Negativepressure
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+ any other component
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Solution to cosmological eqs.
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Equation of state
Assume i - dominance and
RD universe
MD universe.
CCD universe
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Critical density
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Define also
(Today)
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Not energy-density contribution
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Rewriting Friedmann eqs.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Cosmic sum rule
2a today
Notice signs
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The future QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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+ Initial conditions taken today
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Diff. eq.
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Eternal Expansion OR Recollapse ?
EE
R
EE
R
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1
2
3
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Distance - RedshiftQuickTime™ and a
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Co-moving distance to source:
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Where:
Can neglect QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressorare needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
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Distance-redshift relation is function of
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Age of the universe
look-back time
lifetime
Flat univ.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Our univ.QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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(Age crisis: Open universe gave too low lifetime)
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Which universe ?
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The past universe
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today
rad
mat
cc
equality
recombination
nucleosynthesis
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next
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The hot universe
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number density
energy density
pressure
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distribution
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g= deg. of freedom
Equilibrium thermodynamics
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Decoupling of species
Expansion:
Interaction:
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rates
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Phase transitionsSymmetry restoring
2n order
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1st order
Phase transitions
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Conformal time
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Particle HorizonIt is the physical distance photons can travel until a time t
Defines causal distance at a given time t QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
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Program
1. The standard cosmological model
2. The observed universe
3. Inflation. Neutrinos in cosmology