Corporate Profile - bam.brookfield.com · This Corporate Profile contains “forward-looking...
Transcript of Corporate Profile - bam.brookfield.com · This Corporate Profile contains “forward-looking...
Brookfield Asset Management Inc. A Global Alternative Asset Management Company Focused on Property, Renewable Power, Infrastructure and Private Equity
Corporate ProfileNovember 2016
2Cautionary Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements
This Corporate Profile contains “forward-looking information” within the meaning of Canadian provincial securities laws and “forward-looking statements” within themeaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, “safe harbor”provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and in any applicable Canadian securities regulations. Forward-looking statementsinclude statements that are predictive in nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, include statements regarding the operations, business, financialcondition, expected financial results, performance, prospects, opportunities, priorities, targets, goals, ongoing objectives, strategies and outlook of Brookfield AssetManagement and its subsidiaries, as well as the outlook for North American and international economies for the current fiscal year and subsequent periods, andinclude words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “forecasts” or negative versions thereof andother similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and “could.”
Although we believe that our anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements and information arebased upon reasonable assumptions and expectations, the reader should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and information because theyinvolve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which are beyond our control, which may cause the actual results, performance orachievements of Brookfield Asset Management to differ materially from anticipated future results, performance or achievement expressed or implied by suchforward-looking statements and information.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated or implied by forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: theimpact or unanticipated impact of general economic, political and market factors in the countries in which we do business; the behavior of financial markets,including fluctuations in interest and foreign exchanges rate; global equity and capital markets and the availability of equity and debt financing and refinancing withinthese markets; strategic actions including dispositions; the ability to complete and effectively integrate acquisitions into existing operations and the ability to attainexpected benefits; changes in accounting policies and methods used to report financial condition (including uncertainties associated with critical accountingassumptions and estimates); the effect of applying future accounting changes; business competition; operational and reputational risks; technological change;changes in government regulation and legislation within the countries in which we operate; changes in tax laws, catastrophic events, such as earthquakes andhurricanes; the possible impact of international conflicts and other developments including terrorist acts; and other risks and factors detailed from time to time in ourdocuments filed with the securities regulators in Canada and the United States.
We caution that the foregoing list of important factors that may affect future results is not exhaustive. When relying on our forward-looking statements, investors andothers should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events. Except as required by law, Brookfield Asset Managementundertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether written or oral, that may be as a result of newinformation, future events or otherwise.”
Notes, assumptions, and definitions can be found in the appendices.
3Overview
Our Business Page 4
Additional Information‒ Asset Management Fee Streams Page 14‒ Asset Management Growth Potential Page 18‒ Invested Capital Page 20‒ Contact Information Page 23
115-year history as a global investor, operator and leading asset manager of high quality real assets
4
Listed Partnerships 48%
Private Funds 41%
Public Securities 8%
Transaction and advisory 3%
Property
Renewable Power
Infrastructure
Private Equity
Other
Assets Under Management ~$250 Billion• Focused on high quality real assets• Diversified by asset class and region
Invested Capital $31 Billion3
• Generates $1.3 billion of annualized distributable cash flow
• ~85% invested in listed entities
Fee Bearing Capital $111 Billion • Generates $2 billion of annualized
fees and target carried interest• 700 investment professionals• Diversified by product mix and strategy
1) Other AUM includes Public Securities AUM of $12.0 billion2) Fee revenue based on annualized fees, excludes target carried interest3) Prior to corporate leverage; using IFRS values as at September 30, 2016. See page 24 for detailed definition of Invested Capital
Property
Infrastructure
Renewable power
Private equity
Public securities
BPY
BEP
BIP
BBU
Other holdings
BPY
BEP
BIP
BBU
Other Holdings
Invested Capital Distributable Cash Flow
Brookfield by the Numbers
1
Fee Revenue Diversification:2
5
Interest expense (236)
Corporate costs (132)
(368)
LAST TWELVE MONTHS SEPTEMBER 30,2016 FFO2,3
Fee related earnings $ 707
Realized carried interest –
707
Listed investments 1,652
Unlisted assets 65
Disposition gains 1,148
2,865
Total $ 3,572
Total $ 3,204
Per share $ 3.15
Fee Bearing Capital /IFRS Values1
Summarized Financial Performance
Our asset management business, alongside our invested capital, continues to generate meaningful returns for our shareholders
Asset ManagerAsset Manager
Recurring long-term fees received from managing our funds and carried interests
Invested CapitalInvested Capital
Capital deployed in managed funds and on a direct basis which generate cash distributions
CapitalizationCapitalization
Conservative long-term capitalization represents 14% LTV on invested capital
1) As at September 30, 20162) In millions, except per share amounts3) A detailed definition of Funds from Operations (“FFO”) can be found on page 24
$111bn
$31bn
$9bn
6
• Large scale capital allows us to pursue large transactions where capital is scarce
• Global presence and global mandates provide breadth of opportunities
• Operating expertise facilitates underwriting and enhances returns
• Deep history of global real asset investing
• Value oriented culture focused on long term investment returns
• Ability to invest in and operate multiple asset classes
AS AN INVESTOR
Our Competitive Advantages
Our business strategy is simple and leverages our competitive advantages: large scale capital; global reach; operating businesses
• Large scale funds enable investors to deploy large scale capital
• Flexibility to invest across multiple products
• Operating capability is a key differentiator
• Alignment of interests
• Excellent performance record
• Real asset expertise aligns with growing capital allocations
• Transparent operating model and public company governance
AS AN ASSET MANAGER
7Asset Management – Diversified Multi-Fund Strategy
• Allows institutional investors to invest large amounts of capital
• Targetted and predetermined investment strategies
• Long-term investment horizon reducing reinvestment risk
• Allows institutional investors to invest large amounts of capital
• Targetted and predetermined investment strategies
• Long-term investment horizon reducing reinvestment risk
• Diversified security portfolios leveraging our core expertise
• Flexible and scalable investment mandates
• Delegate tactical investment decisions
• Diversified security portfolios leveraging our core expertise
• Flexible and scalable investment mandates
• Delegate tactical investment decisions
Our clients have tremendous flexibility to invest with us through Listed Partnerships, Private Funds and Public Securities across our Real Asset operating businesses
Listed Partnerships Private FundsPrivate Funds Public SecuritiesPublic Securities
• Exchange traded and highly liquid
• Flexible capital allocation across broad asset class
• Consistent distribution yield
• Perpetual investment horizon
• Exchange traded and highly liquid
• Flexible capital allocation across broad asset class
• Consistent distribution yield
• Perpetual investment horizon
$51 billion $48 billion $12 billion
FEE BEARING CAPITAL – $111 billion
Brookfield Asset ManagementBrookfield Asset Management
8
-
150
300
450
600
750
900
1,050
1,200
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Ann.
Asset Management – Financial Performance
LAST TWELVE MONTHS SEPTEMBER 30,2016 2016 2015 Change
Fee Bearing Capital $ 110,747 $ 90,018 $ 20,729
Base Fees
Listed Partnerships $ 396 $ 356 $ 40
Private Funds 479 268 211
Public Securities 98 109 (11)
973 733 240
Incentive Distributions 95 65 30
Other 91 73 18
Fee Revenues 1,159 871 288
Direct Costs (452) (407) (45)
FRE $ 707 $ 464 $ 243
Fee Revenues (LTM)1
Annualized fee revenues are now $1.2 billion; we also generate $830 million of target carried interest annually, increasing our overall fee run rate to over $2.0 billion
Transaction & AdvisoryBase Fees
IDR’s
$371
$596
$721
$871
$1,159 $1,162
Performance Fees52%
1) Excludes carried interest2) Annualized
(SEP.30, MILLIONS)
2
9
Unrealized Carried Interest
8+ Years (30%)4-7 Years (57%)1-3 Years (13%)
Asset Management – Financial Performance
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Uninvested Capital Invested Capital
$11
$19 $18
$23
$38
$6
$10$ $8 $8
$19
Carry Eligible Capital(AS AT SEP.30, BILLIONS)
Earning carry (47%)
Uninvested (45%)
Early stage (8%)
Carry Eligible Capital ($38 billion)1
AS AT SEP. 30, 2016
Unrealized Carried Interest – Estimated Time to RealizationAS AT SEP.30, 2016
1) Estimated based on maturity date of funds currently earning carried interest
$983 million
Carried interest represents our share of fund profits in our private funds. Carry EligibleCapital increased 65% over the last twelve months to $38 billion, positioning us wellto continue to generate carry, with substantial upside
65%
10Invested Capital
~85% of our Invested Capital is held through listed securities, creating strong levels of financial flexibility and increased transparency1
• BPY, BEP and BIP are diversified entities with a portfolio of high quality core plus return asset portfolios with stable cash flows that support stable distributions
‒ The high-quality nature of their asset base has a proven ability to withstand economic downturns and they are financed on a long-term investment grade basis
• BBU is our flagship listed issuer for owning our business and industrial operations, focused on capital reinvestment for long-term appreciation
‒ The operating performance of the four flagship listed entities is economically and structurally independent from one another
‒ They each participate in our opportunistic or value add private funds, providing enhanced returns to the core plus portfolio and aligning interests
• Listed investments distribute $1.3 billion2 in annualized cash flow
INVESTED CAPITAL $31 billion1
BPY
BEP
BIP
Other
Unlisted
Listed Partnerships
Other listed
1) Prior to corporate leverage; using IFRS values as at September 30, 2016. See page 24 for detailed definition of Invested Capital2) Annualized distributed cash flow based on ownership as at September 30, 2016
Unlisted
BBU
11Capitalization and Liquidity
We are well positioned with a strong balance sheet and significant access to capital to maintain our growth momentum
• $7.0 billion of core liquidity to fund growth ($2.9 billion at BAM itself)
• Over $19 billion of committed capital from institutional partners
• ~$26 billion of balance sheet capital held in listed investments
• Over $80 billion of permanent equity capitalization; debt to capitalization: corporate (14%), proportionate (48%)
• Debt capital primarily in the form of investment grade; long-term limited recourse financing secured at the asset level
• Minimal cross collateralization and parental guarantees provides stability and risk mitigation
• Ability to raise third party capital through publicly listed and private funds
• Investment grade ratings: S&P: A-; DBRS: A Low; Moody’s: Baa2
(MILLIONS) Q3’16
Cash and financial assets $ 1,955
Undrawn committed credit facilities 5,056
Core Liquidity 7,011
Uncalled private fund commitments 18,885
Total Liquidity $ 25,896
Strong and Flexible CapitalizationSignificant Liquidity
Access to Capital
Total 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020+
Corporate borrowingsTerm debt 4,573$ -$ 429$ -$ 458$ -$ 3,686$ 8 Revolving facilities 101 - - - - - 101 5
Corporate borrowings 4,674 - 429 - 458 - 3,787 Preferred shares 3,732 - - - - - n/a perp.
8,406$ -$ 429$ -$ 458$ -$ 3,787$
Average Terms(Years)
AS AT SEP.30, 2016(MILLIONS)
Maturity
12
Strong fundraising and excellent track record
High growth fee streams providing stable cash flows and upside potential through performance fees
Significant liquidity to fund future growth
Flexibility to allocate capital to asset classes and markets that offer the best return
Diversified product offerings through multi-fund strategy
Strong alignment with Shareholders and Clients
~18% compound return over the past 20 years
Large Scale Capital
Global Presence
Operations Focus
Why invest in Brookfield now?
Additional Information
14
PERFORMANCE NYSE / TSX
Total Return5 Distributions
5 YearAnnualized
(Per Unit)Target
Growth
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners BIP / BIP.UN 22% $ 1.57 5% to 9%
Brookfield Renewable Partners BEP / BEP.UN 10% 1.78 5% to 9%
Brookfield Property Partners BPY / BPY.UN 14% 1.12 5% to 8%
Brookfield Business Partners BBU / BBU.UN n/m 0.25 –6
1) Annual base fee to Brookfield Asset Management2) Based on capitalization of partnership (market capitalization plus recourse debt, net of cash)3) On increases in capitalization; initial capitalization for BPY and BEP is $11.5 billion and $8.1 billion, respectively4) Return hurdle based on quarterly growth of market value of units, subject to a high watermark initially set at $25 per unit5) As at Sep 30, 2016, Source: Bloomberg, includes reinvestment of dividends. Brookfield Property Partners listed on NYSE April 2013; annualized return since inception6) Brookfield Business Partner’s level of distribution is not intended to grow as the partnership intends to reinvest its capital. Returns will be based on capital appreciation
Base Management Fees Incentive Distribution Rights
FEE STRUCTUREFixed
Base Fees
EquityEnhancement
Fee (bps)2,3Annual Incentive
Distributions
Return Hurdles
(1st & 2nd)
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners – 1252 15% / 25% $0.81 / $0.88
Brookfield Renewable Partners $21M1 1253 15% / 25% $1.50 / $1.69
Brookfield Property Partners $50M1 1253 15% / 25% $1.10 / $1.20
Brookfield Business Partners – 1252 20% $25/unit4
Asset Management – Listed Partnerships
Listed Partnerships are permanent capital, high growth entities; we earn contractual base management and performance fees for managing these partnerships
15
PERFORMANCE1Committed Capital2
(US$ billions) Vintages Gross Net
Core Plus & Value Add
Property $ 6 2004 – 2013 13% 12%
Infrastructure 27 2006 – 2016 15% 13%
Timberlands 3 2005 – 2012 7% 6%
Lending & Finance 7 2004 – 2014 13% 10%
Opportunistic
Property 21 2006 – 2015 22% 19%
Private Equity 6 2001 – 2015 23% 16%
1) As of September 30, 2016. Past performance is not indicative of future performance, for more information refer to page 152) Committed capital represents original committed/pledged capital, including current capital available for commitments, capital raised from funds in market and capital
that may no longer be available given the mandate of each product
TYPICAL FEE STRUCTUREBase Fees
(bps)Carried Interest
TargetReturn
Return Hurdles
Core Plus and Value Add 100 – 150 18% 10% to 15% 9%
Opportunistic and Private Equity 150 – 190 20% 18% to 25% 11%
Asset Management – Private Funds
Private Funds generate long-term contractual base fees and have the opportunity to earn carried interest upon exceeding pre-determined return hurdles
IRR
16Asset Management – Private Funds1
Committed Capital
Brookfield (%)2
Year Formed
BROOKFIELD PROPERTY FUNDS
Opportunistic
Real Estate Opportunity I $240 52% 2006
Real Estate Opportunity II $260 29% 2007
Real Estate Turnaround $5,570 18% 2009
Strategic Real Estate Partners I * $4,350 31% 2012
Strategic Real Estate Partners II * $9,000 26% 2015
Brazil Retail Property $990 35% 2006
India Real Estate Opportunity Partners $282 - 2014
Thayer VI $312 48% 2014
Core Plus
Canadian Office C$1,045 21% 2005
U.S. Office $2,220 83% 2006
DTLA $1,100 45% 2013
Value Add / Finance
U.S. Multifamily Value Add I $325 13% 2011
U.S. Multifamily Value Add II $805 37% 2014
Real Estate Finance I $600 33% 2004
Real Estate Finance II $730 27% 2007
Real Estate Finance III $420 12% 2011
Real Estate Finance IV $1,375 18% 2014
Peninsula Brookfield India Real Estate $95 - 2013
Committed Capital
Brookfield (%)2
Year Formed
BROOKFIELD INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDS
Value Add
Global Infrastructure I * $2,660 25% 2009
Global Infrastructure II * $7,000 40% 2013
Global Infrastructure III * $14,000 29% 2016
Colombia Infrastructure $360 28% 2009
Private Utility $1,370 28% 2006
Sustainable Resources
West Coast Timber $530 - 2005
Timberlands Fund V $1,002 25% 2012
Brazil Timber I $280 18% 2008
Brazil Timber II $270 19% 2012
Brazil Agriculture I $330 31% 2009
Brazil Agriculture II $500 22% 2015
BROOKFIELD PRIVATE EQUITY FUNDS
Opportunistic/Lending
Capital Partners II * C$1,000 40% 2006
Capital Partners III * $1,000 25% 2010
Capital Partners IV * $4,000 25% 2015
* Flagship funds1) Includes active investment vehicles managed by Brookfield, including non-securities and certain investment vehicles that do not qualify as private funds for
regulatory purposes. Excludes funds currently in the market and fully divested funds. 2) Brookfield participation includes commitments from; Brookfield Asset Management, Brookfield Property Partners, Brookfield Renewable Partners, Brookfield
Infrastructure Partners and Brookfield Business Partners
17
PERFORMANCE1,2,3Net Portfolio
Returns
Long-only equity strategies
Global real estate 16.9%
Global infrastructure 16.6%
Long/short strategies
Global real estate 16.2%
Global infrastructure 8.9%
1) As of September 30, 2016; Net portfolio returns represent annualized returns since inception of each respective strategy; Inception dates are as follows: Global real estate long-only – December 31, 2008; Global infrastructure long-only – December 31, 2008; Global real estate long/short – July 31, 2002; Global infrastructure long/short – May 31, 2008
2) Net of management fees3) Past performance is not indicative of future performance
Asset Management – Public Securities
The Public Securities Group specializes in listed Real Asset investment opportunities globally, in both equity and debt
Actively managed strategies offered through separately managed accounts, mutual funds, UCITS funds, closed-end funds and private hedge funds
Significant investor base managed on behalf of institutional and retail investors
Fee Bearing Capital: ~$12.0 billion
InfrastructureEquities
Infrastructure
Real Estate
Fixed Income
18Asset Management – Fee Bearing Capital Growth
We continue to increase fee bearing capital through our multi-product platform and arewell positioned for continued growth; we currently have four funds in the marketseeking to raise an additional ~$4 billion of client capital
Source: 2016 BAM Investor Day, as at September 30, 2016Notes/Assumptions on fee bearing capital growth: 1) Listed partnerships midpoint of target distribution growth: BPY – 6.5%; BEP – 7.0%; BIP – 7.0% and $10 billion of preferred units or debt issuance over the next five years.
Assumes no change in units outstanding2) Private funds: raise two additional series of flagship funds ($40 billion) and $10 billion of new and/or niche products over the next five years, and 3) Public securities grows at ~10% per annum.
$191
+12%CAGR
Actual Interpolated Potential1
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020($ billions)
• We target 12% growth in fee bearing capital over the long-term:
• Experiencing accelerated growth in private fund capital raises
• Listed partnership capital expands with distribution increases, capital issuances and M&A activity
• ~90% of fee bearing capital is perpetual listed partnerships or long life private funds (10-12 years)
$111
Q3 2016
2021
19
$1,455
Asset Management – Fee Related Earnings Growth
Fee related earnings have significant leverage to growth in fee bearing capital;increasing at a much faster rate than fee bearing capital
Source: 2016BAM Investor Day, as at September 30, 2016
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020($ millions)
+17%CAGR
• New capital earns higher base management fees:
• Greater emphasis on higher return value add and opportunistic strategies
• Increases in partnership capital yields 125 bps compared to lower flat fee on initial capitalization
• Public securities group moving to higher fee equity strategies
• Incentive distributions increase at a ~31% CAGR over the next 5 years
Q3-15LTM Actual
Interpolated Potential1Q3-16LTM Actual
$707
20
62%2 61% 79%30%
Brookfield Asset Management
(BAM)
Brookfield Property Partners
(BPY)
Brookfield Business Partners
(BBU)
Brookfield Renewable Partners
(BEP)
1) Includes residential development operations, directly held real assets, and financial assets 2) Economic ownership interest3) Portfolios of fixed income and equity securities managed on behalf of clients
Directly Held Investments1
Brookfield Property Funds
Brookfield Private Equity
Funds
Public Securities
Funds3
Core OfficeCore Retail
Opportunistic
UtilitiesTransport
EnergySustainable Resources
Communications
Private Equity Industrial and Energy
Business Services
HydroelectricWind
BrookfieldInfrastructure Partners
(BIP)
Brookfield Investment
Management(BIM)
Corporate CreditInfrastructure SecuritiesReal Estate Securities
Securitized Credit
FundRenewable Power Infrastructure
Invested Capital – Simple and Transparent Operating Model
21Invested Capital – Listed Partnerships
~85% of our invested capital is invested in our publicly traded listed partnerships; which target increasing annual distributions and long-term total returns of 12%–15%
Brookfield Property Partners(NYSE: BPY)
Brookfield Infrastructure Partners(NYSE: BIP)
Brookfield Renewable Partners (NYSE: BEP)
• A premier portfolio of high quality, long-life infrastructure assets across utilities, transport,energy and communications in North and South America, Australia, and Europe
• Targetting 12-15% total returns; with a 5% current distribution yield
• High quality cash flows; ~90% of cash flows regulated or contracted, ~70% indexed toinflation and ~60% with no volume risk
• One of the world’s largest publicly traded, pure-play renewable power platforms
• Predominantly hydroelectric portfolio, with ~80% of generation from hydro, complemented by wind facilities and other renewable asset classes across North America, Latin America and Europe; ~90% of 2016 generation is contracted
• Target long-term total returns of 12%–15%, with a ~6% current distribution yield
Brookfield Business Partners (NYSE: BBU)
• A business services and industrials company focused on long-term capital appreciation
• Target long-term total returns of ~15%
• Acquire businesses on a value basis, with a focus of out-of-favour sectors; enhance value of operations by focusing on organic growth; realize value and recycle capital opportunistically
• Invest in the high quality real estate assets in the world’s most dynamic markets,
‒Core office and retail is 92% and 95% leased, respectively
• ~85% core office & retail assets targetting 10% to 15% total returns, and ~15% opportunisticassets targetting 20% total returns; current distribution yield of ~5%
22Invested Capital – Holdings
Our $31 billion of invested capital provides high levels of financial flexibility and substantial debt coverage
1) Quoted value based on September 30, 2016 public pricing2) Excludes realized disposition gains3) Annualized distributed cash flow is based on current distribution policies4) Includes $715 million of cash and cash equivalents and $472 million of financial assets, net of deposits5) Estimated 8% annualized total return on weighted average balance
Invested Capital FFO2 Distributed Cash Flow
(Annualized)3INVESTED CAPITAL - BREAKDOWN No. Of Units Quoted1 IFRS Three Months LTMListed Investments
Brookfield Property Partneres 488 $ 11,182 $ 15,524 $ 153 $ 612 $ 546 BPY Preferred Shares n/a 1,265 1,265 19 76 76
12,447 16,789 172 688 622
Brookfield Renewable Partners 183 5,642 3,810 42 273 327 Brookfield Infrastructure Partners 102 3,537 1,599 63 243 161 Brookfield Business Partners 73 1,928 1,668 40 207 18 Financial assets4 Various 1,187 1,187 8 63 95 Other InvestmentsNorbord 35 898 252 40 107 11 Acadian Timber 8 104 79 2 7 6 Other Listed Various 432 432 20 64 21
$ 26,175 25,816 387 1,652 $ 1,261 Unlisted Investments
Residential development 2,699 10 103 Energy marketing 1,052 7 (81)Other 1,150 7 43
4,901 24 65
$ 30,717 $ 411 $ 1,717
5
23Investor Relations Contacts
Contact Title E-Mail Address Phone Number
Brian Lawson Chief Financial Officer [email protected] (416) 363-9491
Dennis Blasutti Vice President, Finance [email protected] (416) 369-5741
24Appendix – Notes, Assumptions, and Definitions
Definitions and Notes• Fee Bearing Capital represents the capital committed, pledged or invested in our listed partnerships, private funds, and public securities that we manage which entitle us to earn fee revenues and/or
carried interests. Fee bearing capital includes both called (“invested”) and uncalled (“pledged” or “committed”) amounts
• Fee Revenues include base management fees, incentive distributions, performance fees and transaction and advisory fees presented within our asset management segment. Fee revenues excludecarried interest
• Fee Related Earnings (“FRE”) is comprised of fee revenues less direct costs (other than costs related to carried interests). FRE gross margin is equal to FRE as a percentage of Fee Revenues
• Base Management Fees are determined by contractual arrangements, are typically equal to a percentage of Fee Bearing Capital, are accrued quarterly, include base fees earned on fee bearing capitalfrom both clients and ourselves and are typically earned on both called and uncalled amounts
• Incentive Distributions (IDRs) are determined by contractual arrangements and are paid to us by our three primary listed partnerships and represent a portion of distributions paid by a listed partnershipabove a pre-determined threshold
• Performance Fees are paid to us when we exceed pre-determined investment returns on certain portfolios managed in our public securities activities. Performance fees are typically determined on anannual basis and are not subject to “clawback” in future years
• Carried Interests are contractual arrangements whereby we receive a fixed percentage of investment gains generated within a private fund provided that the investors receive a pre-determined minimumreturn. Carried interests are typically paid towards the end of the life of a fund after the capital has been returned to investors and may be subject to “clawback” until all investments have been monetizedand minimum investment returns are sufficiently assured. We defer recognition of carried interests in our financial statements until they are no longer subject to adjustment based on future events. Unlikefees and incentive distributions, we only include carried interests earned in respect of third-party capital when determining our segment results
• Annualized fee base and target carry is a non-IFRS measure that consists of annualized fees plus target carried interest
‒ Annualized fees include annualized base management fees which are determined by the contractual fee rate multiplied by the current level of fee bearing capital, annualized incentive distributionsbased on our listed partnerships current annual distribution policies, annualized transaction and advisory fees which are equal to a simple average of the last two years’ revenue, annualizedperformance fees earned from public securities which is equal to a simple average of the last two years’ revenues, and target carried interest
‒ Target carried interest is a mechanical calculation that is intended to represent the annualized carried interest we would earn on third-party private fund capital subject to carried interest on theassumption that we achieve the targetted returns on the private funds. It is determined by multiplying the target gross return of a fund, less the base management fee, by the percentage carriedinterest to which we are entitled to, multiplied by the amount of third-party capital, and by the utilization factor
• LTM represents last twelve months of financial data
• Funds from Operations (“FFO”) is a key measure of our financial performance and we use FFO to assess operating results and our businesses performance on a segmented basis. We define FFO as netincome prior to fair value changes, depreciation and amortization, deferred income taxes and transaction costs. When determining FFO, we include our proportionate share of the FFO of equity accountedinvestments on a fully diluted basis. FFO and its per share equivalent are non-IFRS measures which do not have any standard meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similarmeasures presented by other companies. The most directly comparable IFRS financial measure is net income. Please refer to the “Reconciliation of Net Income to FFO” contained in the SupplementalInformation posted and maintained on our website for the relevant period
• Invested Capital is the amount of common equity allocated to a business segment or business line within a segment. This measure is intended to present the net assets associated with FFO of thesegment. Invested capital is equal to common equity by segment, an IFRS measure contained in the filed Interim Report and Annual Report for the relevant period
• The private funds performance summary on page 13 sets forth the aggregate performance of our private investment funds by strategy (collectively, the “Funds”) that Brookfield is currently managing or haspreviously managed, and is intended to illustrate Brookfield’s experience in managing funds. Committed capital includes original committed/pledged capital, including current capital available forcommitments and capital that may no longer be available given the mandate of each product. Gross Internal Rate of Return (“Gross IRR”) reflects the annualized performance before fund expenses,management fees and carried interest. “Net IRR” reflects annualized performance taking into account fund expenses, management fees and carried interest and are calculated on a fund level and not forany individual investor. Fund investors will likely have different performance returns than those used to aggregate net performance herein due to varying economic terms. In certain funds, Brookfield and itsaffiliates do not pay management fees or carried interest as a limited partner, which would otherwise result in lower returns, as such Brookfield has included a notional fee on Sponsor capital as if it were athird party investor. Gross IRR and Net IRR by strategy reflect the aggregate equity invested, realized and unrealized proceeds, fund expenses, management fees and carried interest, in the fundscurrency, if applicable, for the respective private investment vehicle. Aggregate performance includes certain funds that are not eligible for performance fees or “carried interest” and excludes funds’ inmarketing or funds closed within 12 months of the performance calculation date. Prior performance is not indicative of future results and there can be no guarantee that future funds or investments willachieve comparable results or be able to avoid losses. Gross IRR and Net IRR reflect performance from the funds’ initial investment date to September 30, 2016