Coronary heart disease. the heart and blood flow From head and arms To right lung From right lung...
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Transcript of Coronary heart disease. the heart and blood flow From head and arms To right lung From right lung...
coronary heart disease
the heart and blood flow
From head and arms
To right lung
From right lung
From legs and feet To legs
and feet
Aorta to all parts of the body
To left lung
From left lung
cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease
cardiovascular disease ( CVD, heart and circulatory disease) all diseases of the heart and blood vessels
(e.g stroke, congenital heart defects, valvular heart disease, peripheral arterial disease)
coronary heart disease (CHD, ischaemic heart disease)disease of the coronary arteries due to
atherosclerosis
the coronary arteries
atherosclerosis
Atheroma
Artery wall
Blood within the artery
Atheroma (fatty deposits)
building up
Fat deposits develop, restricting blood flow
through the artery
coronary artery with atheroma
Atheroma
Coronary Artery with atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery
atheroma
Atheroma (fatty layer)
Cross Section Longitudinal Section
angina and heart attack angina
narrowed coronary artery
tightness or ache in the chest, breathlessness, sick feeling, dizziness
comes on with exertion or emotion
goes away with rest - usually 2-10 mins
heart attack due to sudden
blockage of the coronary artery
chest pain “like a band”, indigestion, breathlessness, sickness, looking pale
comes on at any time doesn’t go away - if still
there in 15 minutes call 999
clarifying some terms
Heart failure the pumping action of the heart is less efficient,
possibly caused by raised blood pressure, heart attack, or valve defect
Heart attack (myocardial infarction) a coronary artery is suddenly blocked by a blood
clot Cardiac arrest
the heart stops beating when it quivers or fibrillates causing the person to collapse
Stroke an artery leading to the brain is suddenly blocked
with a blood clot or a bleed
main risk factors for coronary heart disease
smoking inactivity obesity and overweight high blood pressure raised blood cholesterol diabetes family history of coronary heart disease excessive alcohol intake
smoking
Smoking aggravates the lining of the arteries and speeds up the process of atherosclerosis
carbon monoxide Takes the place of
oxygen in the blood
nicotine Raises heart rate and
blood pressure transiently
physical inactivity
30 minutes a day at least 5 days a week which can be split into 15 minute periods
regular, moderate intensity activity
brisk walking, swimming, cycling, dancing, skipping, tennis, etc.
enough to feel warm & slightly short of breath, but still able to hold a conversation
obesity
caused by excessive calorie intake, and inactivity
can lead to high blood pressure, raised blood cholesterol levels, and diabetes
increases your risk of coronary heart disease and heart failure
high blood pressure
the force of blood in the arteries is over 140/85mmHg
can be lowered with more activity, weight loss, cutting salt and alcohol
high blood cholesterol levels
cholesterol is a fatty substance needed for body cells
it is carried on proteins called low-density or high density lipoproteins (LDLs or HDLs)
saturated fats can increase levels – and sometimes people have inherited raised cholesterol levels
diabetes
inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin to control blood sugar levels
uncontrolled blood sugar encourages the build up of fatty deposits within the arterial walls
around 1.3 million people have diabetes in the UK. This may reach 2 million people by 2010
hormone replacement therapy oestrogen in the body may improve
cholesterol levels and may make the artery more elastic
however, hormone replacement therapy has not shown significant protection against coronary heart disease
present evidence suggests that HRT should not be prescribed solely to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease