Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February...

17
Coronary Heart Disease Disease Information Packets – Slide Sets Public Health Services, Community Health Statistics 12/2012

Transcript of Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February...

Page 1: Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. SchoberSE, Carroll MD, LacherDA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an

Coronary Heart DiseaseDisease Information Packets – Slide Sets

Public Health Services, 

Community Health Statistics

12/2012

Page 2: Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. SchoberSE, Carroll MD, LacherDA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an

What is Coronary Heart Disease?What is Coronary Heart Disease?• Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the 

most common heart condition under  the broad description of heartthe broad description of heart disease in the United States.

• Caused by atherosclerosis –narrowing of the small blood vessels h l bl d d hthat supply blood and oxygen to the heart due to plaque (fatty deposits).– Impaired blood flow can cause death 

of the heart muscle from lack of oxygenoxygen.

• CHD can also cause:– Heart Attack– Heart Arrhythmia (irregular 

heartbeat)– Heart Failure– Sudden Cardiac Death

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (DHDSP), “Heart Disease Facts and Statistics”, http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/statistics.htm.

Page 3: Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. SchoberSE, Carroll MD, LacherDA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an

Demographic Risk Factorsg p• Age

– About 82% of people who die from CHD are 65 or older. p p• Gender

– Men are more likely than women to have CHD.• Heredity/Genetic factors• Heredity/Genetic factors

– Risk of CHD increases 2‐3 times if a close relative has the disease. • Race/ethnicity

– Blacks and Hispanics are at a higher risk for developing CHD than whites.

• Socio‐economic Status– Those of low socioeconomic status are at a higher risk for developing 

CHD than those of high socioeconomic status. 

Sources: American Heart Association. My Heart and Stroke News. Coronary Artery Disease.The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. ‐ Scheuner MT, Whitworth WC, McGruder H, Yoon PW, Khoury MJ. Familial risk assessment for early‐onset coronary heart disease. Genet Med 2006:8(8):525‐531.

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Behavioral and Social Risk FactorsBehavioral and Social Risk Factors• High blood pressure

– B.P. ≥ 140 mmHg/90 mmHg increases the risk of CHD.

Hi h bl d h l l• High blood cholesterol– About 1 of every 3 adult 

Americans has high blood cholesterolcholesterol. 

• Diabetes Mellitusl f l h– At least 3 out of 4 people with 

diabetes die from heart or blood vessel disease. 

Sources:  American Heart Association. My Heart and Stroke News. Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. 

Schober SE, Carroll MD, Lacher DA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an indicator for monitoring cholesterol lowering efforts; U.S. adults, 2005–2006. NCHS data brief no 2, Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2007.

Page 5: Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. SchoberSE, Carroll MD, LacherDA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an

Behavioral and Social Risk Factors• Sedentary lifestyle / Obesity

– Obesity is a major risk factor for CHDObesity is a major risk factor for CHD. – About 75 million adults are obese.

• Tobacco use– Smoking cigarettes contributes to the development of 

atherosclerosis. – The risks of CHD and sudden cardiac death are higher among 

smokers than non smokerssmokers than non‐smokers. 

• Poor nutrition• Poor medical carePoor medical care• Stress, depression

Sources:  ‐ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention (DHDSP), “Heart Disease Risk Factors”, http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/risk_factors.htm. ‐ American Heart Association. My Heart and Stroke News. Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. 

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Intermediate Outcomes• Stroke

– A diseased heart increases the risk of stroke.

• Angina pectoris– Causes chest pain or discomfort from reduced blood supply to the 

heart.

• High blood pressure• High cholesterol• Diabetes

Sources: American Heart Association. My Heart and Stroke News. Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/MyHeartandStrokeNews/Coronary‐Artery‐Disease‐‐‐The‐ABCs‐of‐CAD_UCM_436416_Article.jsp

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National Statistics

• 49.7% of U.S. adults aged ≥20 years (an estimated 107.3 g y (million persons) have at least one of the three leading risk factors for CHD. (Valderrama, 2011)

• Coronary heart disease caused 1 of every 6 deaths in the United States in 2008. (AHA)

• In 2007, one‐quarter of all deaths (616,000) werefrom diseases of the heart. (Xu, 2010)from diseases of the heart. (Xu, 2010)

Sources: ‐ American Heart Association. Circulation. Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012. 2012; 125: 188‐197. ‐Xu JQ, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL, Tejada‐Vera B. Deaths: Final data for 2007. National vital statistics reports; vol 58 no 19. Hyattsville, MD: NCHS; 2010 ‐Valderrama L, Amy, et al. Million Hearts: Strategies to Reduce the Prevalence of Leading Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ‐‐‐ United States, 2011. MMWR. 2011; 60(36);1248‐1251

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National Disparities

• In the United States, the rate of death due 

Top 5 States with Highest Heart Disease Death Rates, United States, 2000‐2006

to heart disease in 2006 was highest in Mississippi and lowest

1. Mississippi

2 OklahomaMississippi and lowest in Minnesota.

2. Oklahoma

3. Alabama

4 West Virginia4. West Virginia

5. Kentucky

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Heart Disease Fact Sheet, January 2010. 

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National Disparities

126.0

166.9

126.1

166.7

140160180

*Coronary Heart Disease Age‐Adjusted Death Rates*      

United States, 2009

126.0

94.8

126.1

94.373.1

99.9

406080100120140

Rate per 100

,000

*

02040R

*Age‐adjusted rates are per 100,000 2000 U.S. Standard population.Source: Source: National Vital Statistics System, CDC, NCHS. Online database accessed 11/07/2012, http://www.wonder.cdc.gov.P d b C f S Di (C SD) H l h & H S i A (HHSA) P bli H l h S i C i H l h S i i 11/07/2012

In 2009, the age‐adjusted death rate from CHD was highest for blacks, followed by whites and higher for men than women

Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Public Health Services, Community Health Statistics, 11/07/2012.

followed by whites, and higher for men than women.

Source: National Vital Statistics System, CDC, NCHS. Online database accessed 11/07/2012, http://www.wonder.cdc.gov.Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Public Health Services, Community Health Statistics, 11/07/2012.

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Local Statistics and Disparities

162.4180

CHD Deaths*: Actual and Age‐Adjusted Rates** San Diego County, 2009

Actual Rate**

107.2119.0

95.5102.5

135.4

106.1

130.1

101.7100

120

140

160

0**

Age‐Adjusted Rate**

84.2

45.2

64.876.6 74.5

40

60

80

100

Rate per 100,000

0

20

Total Male Female White Black Hispanic API‡

R

* h f ( d l f d h) d* CHD Death refers to (underlying cause of death) ICD‐10 codes I11,I20‐I25.** County actual rates are per 100,000 individuals. County age‐adjusted rates per 100,000 2000 US standard population.§ Rates not calculated for fewer than 5 events.‡ API includes Asian and Pacific Islander.Source: Death Statistical Master Files (CADPH), County of San Diego, Health & Human Services Agency, Epidemiology & Immunization Services Branch; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2010.Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Community Health Statistics, 9/19/2012.

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Local Statistics and Disparities

900

CHD Death* Rates** by Age Group,San Diego County, 2009

Actual Rate**

773.7

600

700

800

**

Age‐Adjusted Rate**

200

300

400

500

ate pe

r 100,000*

107.2

§ §33.5

102.5

0

100

200

Total 0‐14 Years 15‐24 Years 25‐64 Years 65+ Years

Ra

* CHD Death refers to (underlying cause of death) ICD‐10 codes I11,I20‐I25.** County actual rates are per 100,000 individuals. County age‐adjusted rates per 100,000 2000 US standard population.§ Rates not calculated for fewer than 5 events.‡ API includes Asian and Pacific Islander.Source: Death Statistical Master Files (CADPH), County of San Diego, Health & Human Services Agency, Epidemiology & Immunization Services Branch; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2010.Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Community Health Statistics, 9/19/2012.Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Community Health Statistics, 9/19/2012.

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Local Statistics and Disparities

160

180

Coronary Heart Disease† Rates* San Diego County, 2009

107.298.7

135.7

92.6102.8 105.8 112.0

100

120

140

160

0,000*

40

60

80

Rate per 100

0

20

San Diego County

Central East North Central North Coastal North Inland South

*R t 100 000 l ti*Rates are per 100,000 population. †Coronary Heart Disease death refers to (underlying cause of death) ICD‐10 codes I11, I20‐I25.§Rates not calculated for fewer than 5 events. Rates not calculated in cases where zip codes is unknown or outside San Diego.Source: San Diego County Community Profiles, CoSD, HHSA, Epidemiology and Immunization Services Branch; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2010.Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Community Health Statistics, 6/28/2012.

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Local Statistics and Disparities

200

Coronary Heart Disease Death Rates* San Diego County, 2000‐2009

120

140

160

180 North Coastal

North Central

Central

60

80

100

120

e pe

r 100,000*

South

East

0

20

40

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Rate North Inland

San Diego County

*Rates are per 100,000 population. †Coronary Heart Disease death refers to (underlying cause of death) ICD‐10 codes I11, I20‐I25.§Rates not calculated for fewer than 5 events. Rates not calculated in cases where zip codes is unknown or outside San Diego.Source: San Diego County Community Profiles, CoSD, HHSA, Epidemiology and Immunization Services Branch; SANDAG, Current Population Estimates, 10/2010.Prepared by County of San Diego (CoSD), Health & Human Services Agency (HHSA), Community Health Statistics, 6/28/2012.

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Disease Prevention

• Avoid smoking• Be physically active• Control weight

E t h lth f d• Eat healthy foods • Avoid excessive alcohol 

consumptionp• See a doctor regularly to:

– Monitor cholesterol level– Check blood pressureCheck blood pressure– Control diabetes

Source: American Heart Association. Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke. American Heart Association, Inc.  February 2012.

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Know the 5 Major Symptoms of a H A kHeart Attack

1. Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back1. Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, or back2. Feeling weak, light‐headed, or faint3 Chest pain or discomfort3. Chest pain or discomfort4. Pain or discomfort in arms or shoulder5 Shortness of breath5. Shortness of breath

If you think that you or someone DIAL 9 1 1If you think that you or someoneyou know is having a heart attack, call 9–1–1 immediately

DIAL 9‐1‐1

call 9 1 1 immediately.

Source: American Heart Association. My Heart and Stroke News. Coronary Artery Disease-The ABCs of CAD. February 2012.

Page 16: Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. SchoberSE, Carroll MD, LacherDA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an

Critical Pathway for Coronary Heart Disease

Page 17: Coronary Heart Disease - SanDiegoCounty.gov...Coronary Artery Disease‐The ABCs of CAD. February 2012. SchoberSE, Carroll MD, LacherDA, Hirsch R. High serum total cholesterol—an

Contact Us

County of San DiegoCounty of San DiegoHealth and Human Services Agency

bli l h S iPublic Health ServicesCommunity Health Statistics

(619)285‐6479www SDHealthStatistics comwww.SDHealthStatistics.com