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CORNELL A&S + AAP / MELLON SEMOINAR / SPRING 2016 ARCH 6308 / SHUM 6308 / ROMS 6682

BRUNO BOSTEELS + TAO DUFOUR

Forest Cartographies

Mapping Amazonian Urbanities and the Politics of Nature

Urbanismo Rural: Satellite image of the Altamira project in the Amazon basin showing the fishbone pattern of urbanization/deforestation along the Trans-Amazonian Highway based on the 1970s state plan of ‘rural urbanism’.

Later, little by little, they disband and disperse. Following the current, which straightens out from the meanders, they go in single file, or one by one at random, processionally, to the river below, descending, descending, ever descending.

Euclides da Cunha, ‘Entre os serigais’ Instructors: Bruno Bosteels bosteels@cornell.edu Tao DuFour dufour@cornell.edu Meeting times: Thursdays, 2:30pm – 4:25pm Class location: East Sibley Hall, Room 142

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II. Course Aims and Objectives

This seminar explores the relationship between the economies of emerging cities and the urbanization of fundamental historical

ecologies. The seminar focuses on the geographical context of the Brazilian Amazon and the conditions of its urbanization,

occasionally in dialogue with ongoing political processes in neighboring Bolivia. The urbanization that is characteristic of the Amazon

rainforest is an extraordinarily complex phenomenon. It involves dimensions extending from the pole of industrial resource extraction

and the resultant formation of advanced capitalist economies in the heart of the forest, to the fragile continuity of the traditions of

indigenous societies whose economic structures and spatial environments are experienced as fundamentally intertwined with ritual

and mythic horizons. Uniquely, global and local interests converge within an ecological territory of extraordinary biotic, historical and

cultural differentiation. Through a process of mapping geographical, morphological and ecological transformations of urban and

corresponding hinterland environments over time, students will develop a geo-spatial understanding of the nature of the formation

of territorial frontiers that extend beyond the physical limits of cities. These frontiers emerge as a function of purely urban economic

and political interests. Underlying this geo-spatial territorial expansion and, to a more limited extent contraction of urban generated

frontiers is an ontology, whose manifestation is in the form of a political economy. In order to interrogate this urban driven form of

spatial and territorial expansion in the Amazon, the seminar will inquire into the political economies that motivate it, and thus the

orienting ontology, specifically, the ontological assumptions about the meaning and significance of the natural world. In so far as the

rainforest remains the habitus of indigenous societies, the seminar will in contrast explore their ontologies, specifically, their manifest

conceptions of human/non-human relations that take the form of spatial practices and technologically mediated appropriations of

the environment.

Anthropologists have proposed that Amerindian understandings and technological manipulations of the natural world have

historically contributed to the enrichment, rather than effacing, of biotic diversity, to the extent that the very constitution of large

areas of rainforest are anthropogenic. In proposing a theoretical framework of ontological plurality, the seminar aims to explore the

possibility for an engagement between modern economic conceptions and technological transformations of the space of ‘nature’ –

conceived ontologically as inanimate and determined by relations of empirical causality, thus able to serve as pure resource – and

Amerindian understandings and technical practices through which the spatiality of the natural world is understood as essentially

animated. By considering ontological plurality at the level of spatial practices and technologies, the seminar aims to explore the

possibility of complementarity between the global industrial economic tendency toward urbanization and ‘modernizing’, and the

local, traditional orientation toward ‘ecologizing’ as the basis for an imagined political economy that is at the same time a politics of

ecology.

III. Format and Procedures:

The seminar will be organized in a series of clusters with an interdisciplinary focus combining elements of architecture, ethnography,

anthropology, cartography, political economy, and political philosophy. Clusters include theories of urbanization; nature/culture and

human/nonhuman dualisms and critique; life-world and intentionality; commune, community, and state; primitive accumulation and

neoextractivism; geophilosophy and cognitive mapping; human ecology and the Anthropocene.

IV. Assumptions

Since this is an experimental graduate seminar that uses the topic of urbanization as a vehicle to question broader topics of a

theoretical and philosophical nature, we expect students to research on their own the issues that they want to investigate in the

framework provided in the different course clusters. Since this course brings together humanities, architecture and art, we also

assume and expect that the students will engage with a variety of disciplinary perspectives beyond their individual specialties and

comfort zones.

V. Course Requirements:

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1. Class attendance and participation policy: attendance and participation is expected of all students at all times

2. Course readings:

(a) Required readings: as per course schedule for each week

(b) Internet resources:

http://www.usgs.gov/

http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

http://infoamazonia.org/datasets

http://www.inpe.br/ingles/

http://raisg.socioambiental.org/

3. This is a 4 credit course.

4. Additional requirements:

(a) Equipment needed for course (and estimated expenses): As per student project proposals. ArcGIS software is

available through Cornell AAP IT Services. Students should also acquire photographic equipment and possible film/video equipment

to document conditions of interest during the field trip.

(b) Expected travel for course (and expected expenses not covered by Dept.): see your respective department

administrators for details about the fieldtrip planning and costs.

VI. Grading Procedures:

(a) Attendance and active participation in class discussions: 40%

(b) Final project, which can be a mapping project, film or photographic essay, research paper, or other, to be discussed in advance

with the instructors: 60%

For details of Cornell University grading criteria see: http://theuniversityfaculty.cornell.edu/pdfs/CUgrading.pdf

VII. Academic Integrity

Each student in this course is expected to abide by the Cornell University Code of Academic Integrity.

http://cuinfo.cornell.edu/Academic/AIC.html

Any work submitted by a student in this course for academic credit will be the student's own work, except in the cases of projects

that are specifically structured as group endeavors.

You are encouraged to study together and to discuss information and concepts covered in lecture and the sections with other

students. You can give "consulting" help to or receive "consulting" help from such students.

However, this permissible cooperation should never involve one student having possession of a copy of all or part of work done by

someone else, in the form of an e mail, an e mail attachment file, a diskette, or a hard copy.

Should copying occur, both the student who copied work from another student and the student who gave material to be copied

will both automatically receive a zero for the assignment. Penalty for violation of this Code can also be extended to include failure

of the course and University disciplinary action.

During examinations, you must do your own work. Talking or discussion is not permitted during the examinations, nor may you

compare papers, copy from others, or collaborate in any way. Any collaborative behavior during the examinations will result in

failure of the exam, and may lead to failure of the course and University disciplinary action.

VIII. Accommodations for students with disabilities

In compliance with the Cornell University policy and equal access laws, I am available to discuss appropriate academic

accommodations that may be required for students with disabilities. Requests for academic accommodations are to be made

during the first three weeks of the semester, except for unusual circumstances, so arrangements can be made. Students are

encouraged to register with Student Disability Services to verify their eligibility for appropriate accommodations.

IX. Tentative Course Schedule (May change to accommodate guest presenters & student needs):

Week 1 1/28

BB + TD

Introduction to the course: topic, themes, technique

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Film clip: Werner Herzog, Fitzcarraldo (1982).

Reading: Shelton H. Davis. ‘Brazil – Multinational Corporations and the Amazon Mining Frontier’ in Shelton H. Davis and

Robert Mathews, The Geological Imperative (Cambridge, Mass.: Anthropology Resource Center, 1976), pp.25-49.

Susana B. Hecht, ‘A Short Prelude: From Os Sertões to As Selvas’ and ‘Maps, Texts, and History’, in The Scramble for

the Amazon and the Lost Paradise of Euclides da Cunha (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013), pp.3-14

and pp.347-379.

Paulo Tavares, ‘The Geological Imperative: On the Political Ecology of the Amazon’s Deep History’, in Etienne

Turpin, ed., Architecture in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Design, Deep Time, Science and Philosophy

(Michigan: Open Humanities Press, 2013), pp.209-239.

Week 2 2/4

TD

Theme: Toward a philosophical interpretation of ‘historical ecology’.

Reading: William Balée, ‘Time, Complexity, and Historical Ecology’ in William Balée and Clark Erickson, eds., Time and

Complexity in Historical Ecology: Studies in the New Tropical Lowlands (New York: Columbia University Press,

2006), pp.1-17.

William Balée and Anne Gély, ‘Managed Forest Succession in Amazonia: The Ka’apor Case’ in Resource

Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany Vol.7: 129-158, 1989.

Anna Roosevelt, ‘Resource Management in Amazonia before the Conquest: Beyond Ethnographic Projection’ in

Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany Vol.7: 30-62,

1989

Dan Zahavi, ‘The Early Husserl: Logic, Epistemology, and Intentionality’ in Husserl’s Phenomenology (Stanford:

Stanford University Press, 2003), pp.7-42.

Dermot Moran, ‘Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology of Habituality and Habitus’ in Journal of the British Society for

Phenomenology, 42:1: 55-77, 2011.

Week 3 2/11

BB

Theme: Marx and primitive accumulation.

Reading: Karl Marx, Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Drafts), trans. Martin Nicolaus

(London: Penguin, 1973), pp. 459-544.

Karl Marx, "So-Called Primitive Accumulation" (Chapters 26-33), in Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1,

trans. Ben Fowkes (London: Penguin, 1976), pp. 871-940.

Kevin Anderson, "From the Grundrisse to Capital: Multilinear Themes," in and "Late Writings on Non-Western

Societies and Precapitalist Societies," in Marx at the Margins: On Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Non-Western Societies

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), pp. 154-195.

Silvia Federici, "The Accumulation of Labor and the Degradation of Women," in Caliban and the Witch: Women, the

Body and Primitive Accumulation (New York: Autonomedia, 2004),pp. 61-132.

Week 4 2/18 [February Break 2/13 – 2/16]

Workshop on geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing software – ArcGIS / invited specialist.

Suggested

reading: Paulo Tavares, ‘Modern Frontiers: Beyond Brazilia, the Amazon’ In Latin American Modern Architectures:

Ambiguous Territories, ed. Patricio del Real, Patricio and Helen Gyger eds (London: Routledge, 2013) 191-212.

Paulo Tavares, ‘The Geological Imperative: On the Political Ecology of the Amazon’s Deep History’ In Marc Angélil

and Rainer Hehl eds., Empower! Essays on the Political Economy of Urban Form Vol.3, (Berlin: Ruby Press) pp.20-

59.

Susanna Hecht, ‘The Realm of Nature’ and ‘The Heritage of Fire’ in The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers,

and the Defenders of the Amazon. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990) pp.16-37 and 38-62.

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Laura Kurgan, ‘Introduction’ and ‘Lexicon’ in Close-up at a Distance: Mapping, Technology and Politics (New York,

Zone Books, 2013) pp.9-36 and 37-54.

Denis Cosgrove, ‘Liminal Geometry and Elemental Landscape: Construction and Representation’ in James Corner

ed., Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture (New York: Princeton Architectural

Press, 1999) pp.102-119.

Week 5 2/25

Student preliminary presentations.

Week 6 3/3

TD

Theme: Epistemology and the constitution of ‘the savage mind’.

Reading: Claude Lévi-Strauss, ‘The Science of the Concrete’ in The Savage Mind (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press),

pp.1-33.

Eduardo Kohn, ‘The Living Thought’ in How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human (Berkeley:

University of California Press, 2013), pp.71-100.

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘Images of Savage Thought’ in Cannibal Metaphysics, trans. Peter Skafish (Minneapolis:

Univocal, 2014), pp.77-93.

Valentin Y. Mudimbe, ‘The Patience of Philosophy’ in The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of

Knowledge (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press), pp.135-186.

Paul Clastres, ‘Copernicus and the Savages’ in Society Against The State, trans. Robert Hurley and Abe Stein (New

York: Urzone Inc, 1978), pp.7-26.

Week 7 [Field trip to Amazonas 3/4 – 3/13]

Week 8 3/17

TD

Theme: Ontology and the phenomenology of ‘wild being’.

Reading: Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ‘The Intertwining – The Chiasm’ and ‘Preobjective Being: The Solipsist World’ in The

Visible and the Invisible, ed. Claude Lefort, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Evanston, Illonis: Northwestern University Press),

pp.130-155 and pp.156-162.

Renaud Barbaras, ‘The Flesh: The Visible and the Invisible’ in The Being of Phenomenon: Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology,

trans. Ted Toadvine and Leonard Lawlor (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2004), pp.153-173.

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘The Metaphysics of Predation’ in Cannibal Metaphysics, trans. Peter Skafish

(Minneapolis: Univocal, 2014), pp.139-149.

Philippe Descola, ‘The Schemas of Practice’ and ‘Relations with Self and Relations with Others’ in Beyond Culture

and Nature, trans. Janet Lloyd (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013), pp.91-111 and pp.112-125.

Week 9 3/24

BB

Theme: Commons, commune, community

Reading: Karl Marx, "The Civil War in France," in Political Writings, vol. 3, The First International and After, ed. David

Fernbach (London: Penguin, 1974), pp.187-268.

Karl Marx-Vera Zasulich, "Marx-Zasulich Correspondence," in Late Marx and the Russian Road, ed. Teodor Shanin

(London: Monthly Review Press, 1983), pp. 97-126.

Kevin Anderson, "Late Writings on Non-Western Societies and Precapitalist Societies," in Marx at the Margins: On

Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Non-Western Societies (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010), pp. 196-236.

Jean-Luc Nancy, "The Inoperative Community," in The Inoperative Community, ed. Peter Connor (Minneapolis:

University of Minnesota Press, 1991), pp. 1-42.

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Raquel Gutiérrez-Aguilar, "Beyond the 'Capacity to Veto': Reflections from Latin America on the Production and

Reproduction of the Common," The South Atlantic Quarterly 113:2 (Spring 2014): 259-270.

Week 10 [Spring Break 3/26 – 4/3]

Week 11 4/7

BB

Theme: Geopolitics and extractivism in the Amazon

Readings: Álvaro García Linera, Geopolítica de la Amazonía: Poder hacendal-patrimonial y acumulación capitalista (La Paz:

Vicepresidencia del Estado, 2012). English translation as Geopolitics of the Amazon: Landed-Hereditary Power and

Capitalist Accumulation, trans. Richard Fidler (climateandcapitalism.com).

Maristella Svampa, "Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development," in

Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America, ed. Miriam Lang and Dunia Mokrani (Quito:

Fundación Rosa Luxemburg; Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 2013). p. 117-143.

Henry Veltmeyer and James Petras, "Theses on Extractive Imperialism and the Post-Neoliberal State," in The New

Extractivism: A Post-Neoliberal Development Model or Imperialism of the Twenty-First Century (London: Zed Books,

2014), pp. 222-249.

Week 12 4/14

TD

Theme: The concept of ‘perspective’ in the constitution of the ‘natural world’.

Reading: Dalibor Vesely, ‘The Perspectival Transformation of the Medieval World’ in Architecture in the Age of Divided

Representation (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004), pp.110-173.

Klaus Held, ‘Husserl’s Phenomenology of the Life-World’ in The New Husserl: A Critical Reader, ed. Donn Welton

(Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2003), pp.32-62.

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘Perspectivism’ and ‘Multinaturalism’ in Cannibal Metaphysics, trans. Peter Skafish

(Minneapolis: Univocal, 2014), pp.49-75.

Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘The Anti-Narcissus’ in From the Enemy’s Point of View (Chicago: The University of

Chicago Press, 1992), pp.273-305.

Week 13 4/21

BB

Theme: Cognitive mapping, geography and geophilosophy

Reading: Michel Foucault, "Questions on Geography," in Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings. Ed. Colin

Gordon (New York: Pantheon, 1980), pp. 63-77.

Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, " Geophilosophy," in What Is Philosophy? trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Graham

Burchell (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), pp. 85-113.

Fredric Jameson, "Cognitive Mapping," in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, ed. Cary Nelson and

Lawrence Grossberg (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988), pp. 347-60.

Weeks 14-15 4/28 and 5/5

Presentations Guest discussants t.b.c.

X. Additional Resource Readings

Balée, William and Anne Gély. 1989. ‘Managed Forest Succession in Amazonia: The Ka’apor Case.’ In Resource Management in

Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany Vol.7: 129-158.

Balée, William and Erickson, Clark L., eds. 2006. Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology: Studies in the Neotropical Lowlands.

New York: Columbia University Press.

Balée, William, ed. 1998 Advances in Historical Ecology. New York: Columbia University Press.

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-----. 2013. Cultural Forests of the Amazon: A Historical Ecology of People and Their Landscapes. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The

University of Alabama Press.

Benjamin, Walter. 1999. The Arcades Project, trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard

University Press.

Bosteels, Bruno. ‘A Misreading of Maps: The Politics of Cartography in Marxism and Poststructuralism.’ In Signs of Change:

Premodern, Modern, Postmodern, ed. Stephen Barker. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. 109-138.

___. 2011. The Actuality of Communism. London: Verso.

___. 2016. Philosophies of Defeat: The Jargon of Finitude. London: Verso.

Browder, John O. and Brian J. Godfrey. 1997. Rainforest Cities: Urbanization, Development, and Globalization of the Brazilian

Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.

Carr, David. 1974. Phenomenology and the Problem of History: A Study of Husserl’s Transcendental Philosophy. Evanston:

Northwestern University Press.

Clastres, Paul. 1987. Society Against The State: Essays in Political Anthropology, trans. Robert Hurley and Abe Stein. New

York: Urzone Inc.

Cronon, William, ed. 1996. Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. New York: Norton.

Davis, Shelton H. and Robert O. Mathews. 1976. The Geological Imperative. Cambridge, Mass.: Anthropology Resource Center.

Derrida, Jacques. 1989. Edmund Husserl’s Origin of Geometry: An Introduction, trans. John P. Leavey. Lincoln: University of Nebraska

Press.

___. 1997. Of Grammatology, trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Descola, Philippe and Gísli Pálsson eds. 1996. Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Routledge.

Descola, Philippe. 1996. In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

-----. 2013. Beyond Nature and Culture, trans. Janet Lloyd. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

-----. 2013. The Ecology of Others, trans. Geneviève Godbout and Benjamin P. Luley. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.

Despres, Leo A. 1991. Manaus: Social Life and Work in Brazil’s Free Trade Zone. Albany, NY: State University of New York

Press.

Drayton, Richard. 2000. Nature’s Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the ‘Improvement’ of the World. New Haven: Yale

University Press.

DuFour, Tao. 2012. ‘The Sense of Architecture in Husserlian Phenomenology: The Example of a Candomblé-Caboclo Ritual

of Tupinikim’. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Architecture, Cambridge University, 2012.

Elden, Stuart. 2013. The Birth of Territory. The University of Chicago Press.

Esch, Elizabeth. 2011. ‘Whitened and Enlightened: The Ford Motor Company and Racial Engineering in the Brazilian Amazon.’

In Oliver J. Dinius and Angela Vergara, eds., Company Towns in the Americas: Landscape, Power, and Working-Class

Communities, 91-110. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press.

Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.

-----. 2004. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France 1978-1979, ed. Michel Senellart, trans. Graham Buchell.

New York: Picador.

García Linera, Álvaro. 2014. Plebeian Power: Collective Action and Indigenous, Working-Class and Popular Identities in

Bolivia, trans. Shana Yael Shubs, Ruth Felder, Carlos Velásquez Carrillo, Mariana Ortega Breña, Bécquer Medak and

Bruno Bosteels. Amsterdam: Brill.

Goulding, Michael, Ronaldo Barthem and Efrem Ferreira. 2003, 2010. The Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon. Washington:

Smithsonian Books.

Grandin, Greg. 2009. Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City. New York: Picador.

Harley, J. B. and David Woodward. 1987. The History of Cartography. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Heckenberger, Michael J. 2005. The Ecology of Power: Culture, Place, and Personhood in the Southern Amazon, A.D. 1000-

2000. New York: Routledge.

Holston, James. 1989. The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasilia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hecht, Susana B. 2013. The Scramble for the Amazon and the Lost Paradise of Euclides da Cunha. Chicago: The University of

Chicago Press.

Hecht, Susana B and Alexander Cockburn. 1990. The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers, and the Defenders of the

Amazon. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

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Ingold, Tim. 2000. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge.

Latour, Bruno and Woolgar, Steve. 1986. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, imtro. Jonas Salk. Princeton:

Princeton University Press.

Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press.

-----. 2004. The Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge Mass.:

Harvard University Press.

-----. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

-----. 2013. An Inquiry into Modes of Existence: An Anthropology of the Moderns, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge Mass.:

Harvard University Press.

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1983. The Raw and the Cooked: Mythologiques Volume One, trans. John and Doreen Weightman.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

-----. 1996. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lynch, Kevin. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

Marx, Karl. 1974. The Ethnological Notebooks of Karl Marx, ed. Lawrence Krader. Assen: Van Gorcum.

Moran, Dermot. 2011. ‘Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology of Habituality and Habitus’ in Journal of the British Society for

Phenomenology, 42:1: 55-77.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 2003. Nature: Course Notes from the Collège de France, compiled and with notes by Dominique Séglard,

trans. Robert Vallier. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.

Monmonier, Mark, ed. 2015. The History of Cartography Vol 6: Cartography in the Twentieth Century. Chicago: The University of

Chicago Press.

Mudimbe, Valentin. 1988. The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana

University Press.

Sader, Emir. 2011. The New Mole: Paths of the Latin American Left, trans. Iain Bruce. London: Verso.

Tavares, Paulo. 2013. ‘Modern Frontiers: Beyond Brazilia, the Amazon.’ In Latin American Modern Architectures: Ambiguous

Territories, ed. Patricio del Real, Patricio and Helen Gyger eds, 191-212. London: Routledge.

-----. 2013. ‘The Geological Imperative: On the Political Ecology of the Amazon’s Deep History.’ In Etienne Turpin, ed.,

Architecture in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Design, Deep Time, Science and Philosophy, 209-239.

Michigan: Open Humanities Press.

Read, Jason. 2003. The Micro-Politics of Capital: Marx and the Prehistory of the Present. Albany: State University of New York

Press.

Ricoeur, Paul. 2006. Memory, History, Forgetting, trans. Kathleen and David Pellauer. Chicago: The University of Chicago

Press.

Ross, Kristin. 2015. Communal Luxury: The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune. London: Verso.

Schmink, Marianne and Charles H. Wood. 1992. Contested Frontiers in Amazonia. New York: Columbia University Press.

Tible, Jean. 2014. Marx selvagem. São Paulo: Annablume.

Vergara-Camus, Leandro. 2014. Land and Freedom: The MST, the Zapatistas and Peasant Alternatives to Neoliberalism.

London: Zed Books.

Vesely, Dalibor. 2004. Architecture in the Age of Divided Representation: The Question of Creativity on the Shadow of

Production. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.

Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1992. From the Enemy’s Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society, trans.

Catherine V. Howard. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

-----. 2009. Cannibal Metaphysics, ed. and trans. Peter Skafish. Minneapolis: Univocal Publishing.

Wallenstein, Sven-Olov. 2008. Bio-Politics and the Emergence of Modern Architecture. New York: Buell Center and Princeton

University Press.

Wiseman, Boris ed. 2009. The Cambridge Companion to Lévi-Strauss. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Woodward, David. 2007. The History of Cartography Vol 3: Cartography in the European Renaissance. Chicago: The University of

Chicago Press.

Worster, Donald. 1994. Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Zahavi, Dan. 2003. Husserl’s Phenomenology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.